...What does Mary do to survive financially? How does Johnny help out? It was a lot harder for women to work during the Great Depression because men were supposed to be the only people to ever work during those times. If women did work it was nearly impossible for them to make enough to support an entire family like Mary. Mary was widowed with three kids to support all alone. She took on her father as a boarder and fixed peoples clothing as a job. Johnny who is her oldest child sold newspapers and then later on started working at the steel mills. He was 15 when he started working at the steel mills. He was determined just like Mike and wasn't going to sit around and watch his mother struggle. How do you think Mike would've felt about Johnny quitting school?...
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...cooling source for a new home, people often ask, “what is the best bang for my buck”? The cost of energy continuously increases as the years go bye due to inflation and the cost of non-renewable resources. Since more than half of additional costs in owning a home comes from heating and cooling, people have begun to look into alternative methods. As a typical consumer there are a few different avenues to choose from in this decision that fit within their needs. With technologies advancing and efficiency increasing constantly, making a decision between natural gas, grid-based electricity, or geothermal heating and cooling may be difficult. Many vendors claim that their products run on minimal energy and that long-term monetary savings with the reduction of the energy bills will justify initial costs. How does one choose between these three options? The variables that affect this decision depend greatly on location. Natural gas is becoming abundantly available everywhere in urban communities of all major cities and towns. However, for rural communities this resource may not be an option. Grid-based electricity can be found just about everywhere in the United States. Other than the increase in prices every year, many have concerns with how the electricity is being produced. Concerns such as; the system is deteriorating, inherently unstable, and the carbon footprint from fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum), which take up 68% of electricity generation. Power production...
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...Summary…………………………………………………………………….3 3. Introduction of Case Study…………….…………………………………….4 4. Risk Scenario Development…….…………………………………………...5 5. Justification of Fault Tree Analysis…………………………………………6 6. Procedures of Fault Tree Analysis…………………………………………..7 7. Fault Tree Analysis…………………………………………………………8 8. Possible Risk Associated with Hazards….………………………………...11 9. Accident Consequences…………………………………………………….13 10. Method to Control the Risk………………………………………………...15 11. Solution to Minimize the Risk……………………………………………..17 12. Conclusion………………………………………………………………….18 13. References………………………………………………………………….19 SUMMARY Figure 1: Fractioning Column (Copyright of science-resources.co.uk, 2009) Figure 1: Fractioning Column (Copyright of science-resources.co.uk, 2009) Crude oil is one the most important non-renewable sources on Earth. Demand for this black viscous liquid is growing every day in this era if modern technology. Electricity, vehicles and synthetics are among the major consumers of petroleum fluids or crude oil. Crude oil could be referred to as the ‘black gold’ due to its expensive price and complicated production process. Unlike gold, crude oil naturally is useless in its primary form. A process called fractional distillation or petroleum refining need to be carried out onto the crude oil to separate it into various components which later could be used to supply electricity to residential houses or mobilizing vehicles. Figure 2: Fractional Distillation...
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...Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering Division of Material Mechanics 2007:224 CIV • ISSN: 1402 - 1617 • ISRN: LTU - EX - - 07/224 - - SE Summary: For the fabrication of iron ore pellets at LKAB (Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB), one of the methods used is to sinter the pellets in a rotary kiln. This Kiln has a drift temperature of 1250°C in average. During this process a coating, causing the wear of the refractories materials, is formed, inducing expensive maintenance periods. The aim of this work is to find the reaction that takes place between the Slag and the bricks, in order to find the parameters that have to be changed to improve the bricks lifetime in the kiln. The use of bricks with higher alumina content is one of the solutions, but it is expensive. The influence of Alkalis and especially Na2O has been studied before in inert atmosphere. In this work it will be studied in air as well as the influence of the alumina content of the brick. Experiments were performed in air atmosphere, using powder samples that have been compressed into pellets. The devices used to characterize the reaction and the product of the reaction were: Kanthal furnace, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dilatometer, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC/TG) in-situ mass spectrometer, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The XRD experiments permitted to show the presence of a glassy phase after a heat treatment of the samples containing...
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...Part-A: - Executive Summary: 1. Project background & promoters 1.1 PROJECT AT GLANCE 6 MVA * 1 Sub merged Arc Furnace for Manufacture of Ferro Manganese, Silico Manganese SHARANYA NATURAL RESOURCES & INFRA PROJECTS PRIVATE LIMITED H NO 1-2-110 Shanthi Nagar, Adilabad Andhra Pradesh 1. Sri Sanjay Kumar Makhariya 2. Sri P Shankar 3. Smt P Uma Adilabad, Andhra Pradesh Ferro Alloys - Silico Manganese (SiMn.) / Ferro Manganese (FeMn.) Used in Steel Industry 6*1 MVA Furnace Sub merged Arc Furnace for Ferro Manganese, Silico Manganese (4800 TPA SiMn and 7000 TPA FeMn based on equal utilization for both the products) Rs. 1792.33 Lakhs (Say 1792 lakhs) 60% 85% 90% Rs.868.00 lakhs Existing Proposed Term Loan – NIL Rs. 925.00 Lacs CC Limit – NIL Rs. 403.00 Lacs LC/FLC -NIL Rs. 50.00 Lacs One (1) Year Moratorium from Commercial production + 6 Years – Total Seven (7) years from Commercial production Name of the Company Registered Office Names of the Board of Directors Plant location Product Application Installed capacity Project Cost Capacity utilization of Year 2013-14 Year 2014-15 Year 2015-16 & onwards Promoter’s Contribution Banking limit - Term loan - Cash credit - LC/FLC Repayment Period Debt-Equity Ratio Project total (overall) TERM Loan (only) 1.53 : 1 1.07 : 1 3.49 times 5.05 times 40.51% Average DSCR - Gross - Net IRR SHARANYA NATURAL RESOURCES & INFRA PROJECTS PRIVATE LIMITED H NO 1-2-110 Shanthi Nagar, Adilabad Andhra Pradesh Page 1 of 76 1.2. ABOUT...
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...Ceramic Division MSME-DI 3rd CGO Complex sanjay place Agra GLASS BANGLES A. INTRODUCTION: Glass Bangles are products made out of block glass of different shades of colors or directly from batch material. These are sound in shape with pleasing colors and having designs over the surface. It is a customary for ladies to design wear bangles from their childhood for ornamental decoration and also as a symbol of sanctity. Glass bangles in also a sign of marital a status for ladies in India, especially in Northern and Eastern region. The trade names of the different size of the bangles are one Anna, Two four Anna, Tow – Six Anna, Two – Eight Anna and three Anna representing different diameters. The glass bangles are sold out with the above names for indication sizes. B. MARKET : Glass bangles are the items of mass consumption throughout k the country. The demand for the glass bangles generally goes up during the festive seasons and special functions, marriage occasions etc. IN spite of competition from plastic and other bangles, the demand for glass bangles is even increasing in view of established characterized customary and auspicious status gained by it in the society. Having very much fragile in nature, the glass bangles have very good replacement demand. This type of industry is only concentrated are Firozabad manufacturing glass bangles using pot furnace. This type of industry may be set up in other pasts of the country also However, skilled labour, required for bangles coil of...
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...SLAG - IRON AND STEEL December, 2014 16-1 SLAG - IRON AND STEEL 16 Slag - Iron and Steel S lag is a by-product generated during manufacturing of pig iron and steel. It is produced by action of various fluxes upon gangue materials within the iron ore during the process of pig iron making in blast furnace and steel manufacturing in steel melting shop. Primarily, the slag consists of calcium, magnesium, manganese and aluminium silicates in various combinations. The cooling process of slag is responsible mainly for generating different types of slags required for various end-use consumers. Although, the chemical composition of slag may remain unchanged, physical properties vary widely with the changing process of cooling. In an integrated steel plant, 2 to 4 tonnes of wastes (including solid, liquid and gas) are generated for every tonne of steel produced. A c c o r d i n g l y, t o d a y t h e e m p h a s i s i s o n t h e avoidance of waste generation, recycling and reuse of waste, and minimising the adverse impact of disposal on the environment. Among all the solid/liquid wastes, slags generated at iron making and steel making units are created in the largest quantities. With increasing capacities, disposal of large quantities of slag becomes a big environmental concern and a critical issue for steel makers. Over the last few years, with a better understanding of slags, its functions and improvements in process technologies have led ...
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...for lower costs, higher-quality products and services, shorter lead times, and higher returns on investment in infrastructure and resources. To address issues of competitiveness and to uncover hidden value, our clients find that Lean Six Sigma technique is one of the most powerful platforms available. This research addresses the application of Lean and Six Sigma tools to increase the productivity and improve the quality in the steel industry. It illustrates the procedures of implementing lean tools in a process industry with emphasis on Value stream mapping, 5 s and six sigma tools. Study on Integrated applications of lean & six sigma tools in a continuous process industry are limited. The thesis hypothesizes that there are lot of opportunities for improvement in the process industries like steel if lean and six sigma tools are integrated and utilized. It systematically demonstrates how lean manufacturing tools when used appropriately can help the steel industry to eliminate waste, have better inventory control and how to implement six sigma tools to achieve better quality, reduce variation to get better overall financial profits and better operational procedure. This research studies in the areas of (a) Discuss the basic concepts of Six Sigma and lean production, (b) Identify the basic model...
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...creature such as the tyger. This essay will provide a detailed analysis of William Blake’s “The Tyger” paying particular attention, firstly to the extended metaphor in stanza’s 2, 3 and 4, secondly, to the poetic significance of repetition, in particular to the phrase “fearful symmetry”, thirdly, to the role that the rhythm and metre play in creating an urgent need to address the succession of the questions and lastly, the evocation of the sublime emotion of terror in Blake’s depiction of the Tyger. Firstly, the extended metaphor in stanza’s 2, 3 and 4, is comparing the creator and his creation of the Tyger to a blacksmith and his creations. A blacksmith that makes use of tools, such as the “Hammer,” “chain,” ”furnace,” and “anvil” in creating objects out of hot metal. The blacksmith represents a conventional image of artistic creation; here Blake applies it to the divine creation of the natural world. This is evident in L5:”In what distant deeps or skies”, refers to an otherworldly (“distant”) place, perhaps a kind of hell (“deeps”) or Heaven (“skies”). The “distant deeps or skies” bring to mind the concept of hell being underground and heaven being in the sky. Since the Tyger may have been created in either hell (deeps) “or” heaven (skies), it remains ambiguous as to whether the Tyger is good or bad. Blake was essentially an artist. His Tyger is therefore a painting in words. The tyger in this poem is rather a magical, mystical creature. This is an artist’s impression of...
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...of Rs. 25 lakh each. Three of them had an engineering background. The other two were commerce graduates. They had thought of designing the vessels themselves so that the cost each mechanized boat would be reduced from Rs. 30 lakhs (if they bought them) to Rs. 22 Lakh. They designed three boats and these were sent out with a newly – appointed crew. Two vessels were sent to Paradeep and the third to Kakinada. Unfortunately, the weather was unfavourable. All the vessels sank. The crew also did not have experience. Two workers were injured and the rest arrived sagely. There was significant damage to the vessels and the residue was considered scrap. The cost of scrap of the vessels was nominal. As their working capital was scarce, and they were unable to invest more capital, they were in a dilemma whether to continue the business or not. Case I Questions: 1. What were the reasons for the sinking of the vessels? 2. How could they reorganize the businesses? CASE II MNC CORPORATION At MNC Corporation, a foreman of inspection noticed a mistake in the assembly of transmitter cases. The foreman, a shy man when speaking to his immediate superiors, mentioned this matter to the senior supervisor in a weak, ineffectual manner. The senior supervisor nodded his head and continued to work on a report that he was writing. Later, a production slowdown occurred, and it was...
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...Unit VII – Scholarly Activity Case Study: PYREX MBA 6151-14I-4, Operations Research By Nguyen Hoai Phuong ID 253434 Ho Chi Minh City For Dr. Matthew Ademola MBA Faculty Columbia Southern University PYREX Overview about company and its products/services. World Kitchen, LLC | Products/services | Separate organizations | Brand | * Was formed in 2000 * Manufactured and marketed bakeware, cookware, dinnerware, kitchen and household tools, range-top cookware, and cutlery. * World Kitchen already outsources a bunch of their products and this is so they can stay competitive with the competition. That is because with a lot of their current products they are made cheaper overseas versus the cost it would be to make them in the states. | 1. Corning Consumer Products – CCP (PYREX, the product line and brand originally, was World Kitchen's oldest brand and among its most recognized names) 2. EKCO Group 3. General Housewares. | 1. PYREX 2. CorningWare 3. Corelle 4. EKCO 5. Baker's Secret 6. Magnalite 7. Chicago Cutlery 8. OLFA. | Timelines | Events | In the early 1900s | Corning Glass Works (CCP) created a glass product to be used by railroads | In 1913 | Generated idea: glass dishes for baking. It was made by mistake when Bessie Littleton the wife of a Corning chemist ask her husband to bring home s some strong shatterproof glass for her to use in the kitchen. The Chemist then began a two year process to perfect the glass and to start...
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...Nutritional Analysis of Horse Feed Darrie Lewis Partnered with Danielle Henry Introduction Animal nutrition is essential for meeting livestock nutritional requirements in maintaining acceptable performance, growth, and development. Animal nutrition focuses on dietary needs of domestic animals in agriculture or food production. In order to properly give the right balance of nutritional needs, one must know what the animal need in order to properly grow and develop. The amount of feed one gives to an animal should include an overall balance of essential nutrients to ensure successful production. An optimal nutritious diet should include intakes of amino acids, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. The importance and our overall objective of this lab was to determine the different nutritional aspects in animal feed. In our case, my group and I analyzed horse feed. We were to determine the amount and percentages of ether extract, protein analysis, NDF, acid detergent fiber, ADF, and ADL in an amount of feed. Materials & Methods Ether Extraction Materials Thimbles Thimble stand and handler Grinded sample Condenser Purpose To purify samples of organic compounds that are solids at room temperature Method Attach the thimbles to the adapters. Weigh the sample (2g) into the thimble. Move the thimbles to the thimble stand. Put a defatted cotton plug on the top of the sample and place the thimbles into thimble supports attached to the holder. Insert the...
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...Macquarie University Master of Applied Finance ------------------------------------------------- Emissions Trading ------------------------------------------------- Assignment 2 ------------------------------------------------- Onesteel Prepared by: Wayne Andrews Student number: 41712986 September 2011 Subject Number : ECFS905 Lecturer : Julian Turecek Class : Sydney P. T. Company Selection Select an ASX200 company that is expected to have a carbon exposure equal to or greater than 2% of EBITDA at a $23/t carbon price. Question 1 Determine the company’s carbon exposure, including direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scope 2) emissions and establish that its exposure is greater than 2%. The following table summarises Onesteel’s actual and estimated for FY10, FY11 and FY12 emissions and imputed carbon cost under the currently proposed Carbon Tax, relative to reported EBITDA. Table 1 – Implied impact of carbon pricing imputed to 2010 results | Company Guidance | Fixed Price imputed for comparison | Fiscal year commencing | FY10 | FY10 | FY11 | FY12 | Carbon Price (FY10/11 theoretical) | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | EITE Assistance Rate | 94.5% | 94.5% | 94.5% | 94.5% | EBIT DA $Mil | 619.0 | 619.0 | 638.0 | 717.6 | Type 1 Emissions | 2.55 | 2.55 | 2.66 | 3.05 | Type 2 Emissions | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1...
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...Caitriona Leone & Jordan Crystal 15 October 2012 Giberson’s Glass Studio 1. Come up with an analysis that might help save the business. Edward Giberson is facing a problem with his rapidly deteriorating glass studio. He is not making profit, which is from a combination of not pricing his products correctly and spending too much on costs. I first figured out his total revenue for the year. Giberson’s year is actually made up of 40 weeks or ten months. The following table is what makes up his revenues: Category | Unit Price | # of units | Sales | Patterned glasses | $9.00 | 19*40=760 | $6840 | Paperweights | $15.00 | 10*40=400 | $6000 | Wrapped tumblers | $8.00 | 32*40=1280 | $10,240 | Vases | $25.00 | 8*40=320 | $8000 | Total Annual Revenue: | =31,080 | I then calculated the operating costs for the year, which included his estimated wages of $25,000 for the year and depreciation of the equipment, furnace, truck, and gas tanks. I combined the remaining operating costs together which include advertising, rent, utilities, etc.: Category | Cost per month | Months (40/52)*12 | Operating Costs | Office Supplies | $25 | 9.23 | $231 | Hand Tools/MFG supplies | $150 | 9.23 | $1,385 | Part-time labor | $100 | 9.23 | $923 | Other operating costs | $640 | 9.23 | $7,680 | Truck | $205 | 9.23 | $2,460 | Furnace | $1,000 | 9.23 | $9,230 | Furnace Depreciation | $208* | 12 | $2,500 | Equipment Depreciation | $31.25** | 12 | $375 | Truck Depreciation |...
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...enlists the help of Ralph Nakamura, the data processing manager, to identify the plant's bottlenecks. A few days later, and probably several thousand pages of output analysis later, the search for Herbie, the bottleneck, is still on-going. Obviously they need a simpler approach. Alex remembers the analogy of the hike. The bottlenecks should be identified by the backlog of work-in-process sitting in front of them. The two obvious bottlenecks turn out to be the multi-process automation machine and a heat-treating furnace. But the robotic machine was supposed to have a major production efficiency increase over the original manual processes. Specifically , the old machines' process times were: Machine1 - 2 minutes, Machine2 - 8 minutes, and Machine 3 - 4 minutes, for a total cycle time of 16 minutes. These machines required one machinist per station for a total of 10 machinists. The new NCX-10 robot can process the same item in 10 minutes using 2 operators. Less time plus fewer operators should have lower costs and higher efficiency. But there is a six month lead time to train a NCX-10 operator because of the specialty position requirements. And trained operators are leaving the company faster than it can re-train replacements, so the machine isn't running at full capacity -- a non fully-utilized bottleneck. The furnace is being run at partial loads because of expediting -- another non-fully utilized bottleneck. Management will not accept a request for adding even more capacity...
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