...differences in the views on the advantages and disadvantages being disputed by people. Supporters claim minimum wage increases the standard of living for workers whilst reducing poverty. Opposite views are that if it is high enough to be effective then it increases unemployment, particularly among workers who are inexperienced or handicap, thus harming the lesser skilled workers to benefit the better skilled workers The effect on employment rates due to minimum wage rates is a highly contested policy within economics. The introduction of minimum wage into the market can lead to competitive employers cutting employment; this depends on the rate of the wage rises require to comply with the current minimum wage according to the “standard textbook model”. Other models have also been suggested in which a decline in the employment rate may not occur and in fact employment may increase. During my research I found a wide range of literature on minimum wages, particularly on the effects of a minimum wage policy in place. Though a lot of informative research was concluding I also found the argument between weather the effects and positive of negative on employment, both sides of the disagreement present a large amount of information supporting the theories. Research before the 1990’s mostly seemed to be based on a series of estimations and teenage employment figures, though after the 1990’s the research was conducted different results have arose, on one hand claiming that there is a growing body...
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...A Pillar of Understanding: In this project we will look at the Fiscal Compact Treaty which came into effect on the 1st of January 2013. Firstly, we will briefly outline the various factors that led to the signing of the Treaty. Following this we will assess the rules established under the Treaty and how the Treaty will impact future fiscal policy. Furthermore, we will compare and contrast which method of ratification, public referendum or a vote in parliament is more suitable for Ireland when it comes to deciding on EU matters, such as the Fiscal Compact. In addition to that we will interview a person who has strong convictions regarding the Fiscal Compact. To conclude, we will present our opinions and recommendations based upon our research and findings. We will seek to predict whether the Treaty will solve the Eurozone Crisis or plunge the EMU into greater financial instability. Background and Contributing Factors A number of factors contributed to the signing of the Fiscal Compact Treaty on 2 March 2012 (European Council, 2013). Although the Eurozone crisis was the main driving force behind the signing of the Fiscal Compact, a number of flaws existed before the collapse of the Eurozone (McArdle, 2012). McArdle (2012) notes that a major drawback was the fact that the Eurozone didn’t have a common fiscal policy. A “Stability and Growth Pact” (SGP) was passed and came into effect on the 1st January 1999 and made a number of key structural changes (McArdle, 2012). However...
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...whilst the US has a national debt of over $13,492,377,103,199. ‘Thanks to Mr Osborne, Britain now has the earliest, most aggressive programme to cut government borrowing in the G7, despite widespread fears about the strength of the UK and global recovery’ (Flanders, 2010). In this essay I will focus on Britain’s budget deficit, in particular the Emergency Budget, presenting various topics for debate in relation to different aspects of the budget. I will further expand into broader topics such as the recession as a whole, the previous Labour government, other countries situations and subsequent response and the theory behind the policies undertaken, whether driven by political or economic incentives for example. Throughout the essay I will attempt to present ideas in a balanced approach, clearly showing the difference between positive and normative statements. An economies growth rate fluctuates over a period of time, known as the economic cycle. It shows the changes over time in the macro economy such as a recession where growth falls below the trend growth rate: a negative output gap. Such events are cyclical and the general period of time between one boom and another is usually five to eight years (Peter Cramp, Informe). Gordon Brown was keen to avoid successive budget deficits to fund government spending for the expansion of the economy, when New Labour came to power in 1997. As Chancellor he used two fiscal rules to manage the government’s...
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...purpose of carrying on a business. Partnerships are governed by the Partnership Act (1890). Incorporated Company: Incorporating business actions into a company confers life on the business as a "separate legal person", Profits and losses are the company's and it has its own debts and obligations. Types of the Business Organization: Private Company: A company whose ownership is private. Private companies may issue stock and have shareholders. Public Company: Public Company may be defined as, A company that has issued securities through an initial public offering (IPO) and is traded on at least one stock exchange or in the over the counter market. Government Company: Government Company may be defined by, it is a legal entity created by a government to start money-making activities on behalf of a proprietor government. Voluntary Organization: Voluntary organizations may be defined as, organizations are non-profit ambitious, self-directed and non-statutory, that are run by persons who accomplish not obtain salaried. Its main plan is to bring social advantage. Cooperative Organization: A cooperative organization is owned by and operated for the advantage of those persons using its services. Cooperative organization also known as user-owners. Charitable Organizations: A charitable organization is a type of non-profit organization (NPO). Sector’s of Business...
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...Section A: Education 0 1 Explain what is meant by the term ... (2 marks) • Meritocracy: such as equal opportunity or a system in which rewards are based on achievement/ability or similar. Partial answer: [fair rewards] • Immediate gratification: wanting rewards now, or leaving school as soon as possible to get a job, or similar. • Cultural capital: the values, etc that the middle class transmit to their children or that confer advantage in the education system. • Compensatory education: additional educational opportunities/resources directed at deprived or under-achieving pupils. • Cultural deprivation: a lack or deficit of values (or of norms, attitudes, skills or knowledge). Partial answer [immediate gratification / a lack of culture] • Vocational education: relating to a career or specific work roles. • Ethnocentric curriculum: the subjects taught in school being biased towards one particular culture. One mark for a partially satisfactory answer. 02 Suggest three ways/reasons ... (6 marks) Two marks for each of three appropriate ways. One mark will be awarded where there is a partially appropriate answers. Marxists see school as being similar to the world of work: • A hierarchy of authority • Fragmentation of work/learning • Extrinsic rewards • Based on competition • Alienation • Status differences. Boys’ educational under-achievement: • Lack of male teacher role models • Feminisation...
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...P 1.1 A company’s operating situation is influenced by a combination of external and internal factors. These factors may include laws, government activities, clients, suppliers, its competition, owners, improvements in technological improvements, social and economic trends and the market. . Business environments differ from country to country due to differing government laws and regulations. a) Virgin Group LTD (1) (The Virgin Group LTD Virgin Group Ltd. is a British conglomerate of multinational branded capital ventures, which was founded by the entrepreneur Richard Branson Its main line of business encompasses financial services, transport, health care, food and drink, and telecommunications; as well as travel, entertainment and lifestyle, The Virgin Group Ltd has more than 400 companies worldwide. The Virgin group company has limited liability. It is run by directors, its capital is divided into shares and it is legally accountable. Limited companies can begin trading once its Memorandum of Association has been drawn. This memorandum contains the objectives of the company, the name of the company, its registered office, the liability of its members with the number of shares to be issued along with the amount of capital to be raised. The Article of Association outlines the rights of its shareholders, detailing the procedures for the appointment of the directors, the extent of their powers, and the duration of their role. This also lays down the timing and frequency...
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...Critically analyse the ways in which education can be viewed as party political, by referring to specific policies/ issues prevalent since 1945. Education is politics; it is the way in which a country defines itself and sustains its cultural being, passing down ideas, knowledge, traditions and beliefs from generation to generation (Ward and Eden, 2009). This essay will critically analyse the ways in which education can be viewed as party political, by referring to specific policies and issues prevalent since 1945. Throughout this assignment the main focus will be the curriculum in England, starting with how it derived, how it has changed over the years, what effects it has had on the nation and why it is seen to be a vital part of the English education system. Alongside the assignment title the author will use evidence to try and answer the following question; has the national curriculum raised standards in the English education system? This is a question that has often caused many political debates, with professionals amongst others discussing what effects the national curriculum has had on the wider society. Before commencing with the assignment it is of extreme importance that some key terms are defined, to ensure that everyone is of the same understanding whilst reading this assignment. The first key term that will be defined is ‘Curriculum’; it is of great importance that this term is defined as this is the main focus of this assignment. Edward., et al (2013) states...
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...the bill is examined by line by line to ensure that its wording and language is clear to allow any amendments on the bill. In the latter committee, there are two departments – governmental and non-governmental. They examine government departments’ expeditures , policies and policies. There are between 16 to 50 members in the PBC who are selected by Committee of Selection whose 7 out 9 members are ships. On the other hand, there are 11 members in the SCs and to eliminate “the conflict of interest, all the members are backbench members who are elected using the Alternative vote system. 2a What are the main functions of Parliament and how well does it perform them? [5] < This question is a 20-mark question > 3a What are the differences between direct and representative democracy? [5] In direct democracy, people are directly involved in decision-making processes, whereas in representative democracy, people elect MPs who will represent and form a government in Parliament. For instance, some qualified members of Athenian society were involved in decision-making and a referendum is a limited form of direct democracy. Also general elections are kind of parliamentary democracy, they are held every five years to election a representative and a government. There is potential danger that decision-making mechanisms can be affected by an organised faction and demagogue in direct democracy. 4a What is the role of the opposition in British politics? [5] The main role of the...
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...from inputs into outputs, using physical inputs plus finance and skills to produce both goods and services. • Use examples from both manufacturing and service sector organisations to illustrate the process. 1.1.2 Describe the different ways in which a business may structure its activities: • Organisational structures can be based on the functions of the organisation, its product ranges, or geographical regions. Alternatively some less hierarchical organisations may use a matrix structure, especially if the firm is project based. 1.2.1 Discuss the complexity, volatility and uniqueness of an organisation's environment: • The organisation in its environment has to face a wide range of internal and external influences which affect business activity. • The immediate or operational environment interacts with suppliers, competitors, the labour market and financial institutions. • The general or contextual environment consists of economic, political, legal, and social factors. Each functional area of the organisation may be affected. • Whilst organisations have some control over their internal environment, the external environment is more volatile (e.g. technological change), and wide ranging and this makes decision making more difficult. • The uniqueness of organisations means that each one is affected to different degrees by external environmental factors. 1.2.2 Explain the influence of shareholders on the internal environment of an organisation: •...
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...Global Education Systems Name: Institution: Global Education Systems Education system outlines how education is obtained from the trainers. The education systems differ from one country to another. This is mainly dictated by the region or other factors. From a general point education system is localized to the country according to its education policies (Terri, 2000). From a global perspective, education is compulsory for all children between the ages of three years and generally fifteen years. The education levels vary with the basic necessities of the country. For example, the education system in the USA is only compulsory between the age of 3 years and 14 years (Jan, 2009). Looking at the basic education system, it can be sub-divided into four basic sections each taking a different duration. The first part is the pre-school level. This level varies from country to country mostly running from two years to three years (Terri, 2000). This level is not compulsory in most countries but it is very essential since it creates the educational base for the child. In most countries, the teachers in this level are not employed by the government thus this poses a major challenge in the education sector. This also makes the level to be omitted when the education system states of the years spent in school. The classes undertaken in pre-school education are most on basic skills and memory training. The children are subjected to several speed test and storytelling sessions which helps...
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... In partial fulfilment of requirements for school year to the school of economics University of East Anglia April 14, 2013 Words: 3167 The main analysis of academy school Abstract: the labour government first set up the academies programme in the beginning of 2002. Firstly has given academy status to 203 English secondary schools.1560schools have responded positively to interested in academy status. The coalition government’s policy on academy schools is targeted on the schools with better pupils. Key words: policy, equality, GCSE, academy freedom Outline Thesis statement: this thesis give out a brave introducing to the academy school inside great Britain, and the history of the program processing , then talk about the characteristics inside the academy school, and the changes during the government change. At last state the influence of the academy school. Introduction: An academy school is one kind of school that funding by both private sponsor and public funds, but...
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...advice on effective new employee induction programmes; a comparison of general management and technical roles, skills and career paths; a look at succession planning at AT&T; a report on recruitment and development of international managers; and an examination of age discrimination in recruitment. Personnel Review, Vol. 22 No. 5 1993, pp. 5-14. ©MCBUniversity Press, 0048-3486 Employment effects of changing multinational strategies in Europe J. Hamill in European Management Journal (UK), Sep 92 (10/3): p. 334 (7 pages) Presents a broad overview of changing multinational enterprise strategies in Europe in recent years—such as the shift from multiple-domestic to globally/regionally co-ordinated production/logistics systems; the wave of cross-border mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances; the rapid increase in foreign direct investment, mainly by Japanese companies and by emerging MNEs in sectors such as IT and electronics; and transnational strategies involving dispersion of product/market responsibilities to regional centres of excellence—and their associated positive and negative employment effects. WF18 Manpower Planning and Recruitment 7 Focus from the start (new employee induction) J. P. McCarthy in HRMagazine (USA), Sep 92 (37/9): p. 77 (4 pages) Based on the experience of Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance, which recently reviewed its strategy for introducing new employees to working for the company, lists the keys to an effective orientation system...
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...INTRODUCTION: Modernizing Medical Careers (MMC) is a United Kingdom government national health scheme(NHS) initiative in 2003; to resolve the concerns of its citizenry on existing medical workforce, level of training, future prospects for doctors, quality of services delivered and its impact on the health care needs of the people. In its report, the independent inquiry panel led by Prof. Sir John Tooke, stated that,” Modernizing medical career (MMC) was an honest attempt to accelerate training and assure the fundamental abilities of the next generation of doctors”. MMC is basically an online program designed and implemented for post graduate medical training intended to improve UK health care system with a transparent and efficient career path for doctors. It was intended to change the structure of the UK medical training by introducing the ‘Foundation training program’ and later the ‘seamless run-through training grade’. These training programs coincided with the introduction a new selection process called the MTAS recruitment system. Junior doctors were required to complete a web based questionnaire and form, which is scored anonymously by a central HR team and based on final outcome jobs are offered to successful applicants. I have organized this report in four parts. Part 1, will highlight MMC HRM strategy and practices. Part 2 examines the factors and practices that led to the MMC’s failure. Part 3 outlines recommended HRM strategies for the organization. Finally, Part 4...
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...WHY IS COMPETITION IMPORTANT FOR GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION? Nick Godfrey Session 1.3.: Competition policy This paper was submitted in response to a call for papers conducted by the organisers of the OECD Global Forum on International Investment. It is distributed as part of the official conference documentation and serves as background material for the relevant session in the programme. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent those of the OECD or its member governments. OECD Global Forum on International Investment OECD Investment Division www.oecd.org/investment/gfi-7 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction How is Competition Policy Linked to Growth and Poverty Reduction? A. Competition policy B. Competition policy and growth C. Competition policy and poverty reduction Competition in Developing countries The Competition Assessment Framework Background Content How to select sectors and markets for assessment 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 8 8 9 9 Identify the relevant markets and the competitors Examine the market structure Look for barriers to entry Ascertain if government policies or institutions limit competition Consider vested interests Look for signs of anti-competitive practices actions by firms Draw conclusions Conclusions References 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 12 Department for International Development, London OECD Global Forum on Investment, March 2008 2 Why is Competition Important for Growth and Poverty Reduction? ...
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...Market Report 2014 Ninth Edition January 2014 Edited by Leah Tutt ISBN 978-1-78304-102-2 Further & Higher Education Further & Higher Education Foreword In today’s competitive business environment, knowledge and understanding of your marketplace is essential. With over 30 years’ experience producing highly respected off-the-shelf publications, Key Note has built a reputation as the number one source of UK market information. Below are just a few of the comments our business partners and clients have made on Key Note’s range of reports. “The test of any marketing strategy and plan lies in the quality of information used, upon which marketing judgments and decisions are based. Quality is the key word here. The Key Note reports are an excellent source of such quality information, covering a wide variety of product sectors.” The Chartered Institute of Marketing “We have enjoyed a long-standing relationship with Key Note and have always received an excellent service. Key Note reports are well produced and are always in demand by users of the business library. Having subscribed to Market Assessment reports for a number of years, we continue to be impressed by their quality and breadth of coverage.” The British Library “When we are putting together strategic information for presentations to major retailers and Symington’s Board, the combination of Key Note’s market research and company information proves invaluable. It is accurate and easy to use, and provides us with...
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