...Overpopulation in India, Causes, consequences, solutions Felipe Benjumea Juan Casares EAS Overpopulation occurs when the number of people living in an area exceeds the limit the area is capable of having. In other words the relationship between the human population and its local environment is unbalanced. This is problematic because as individuals, we rely on a local area for subsistence; therefore, we are limited by the productivity of a given area. If productivity does not meet our demands, nature will be in charge of balancing the scale. However, we as humans are animals of reason. Therefore we are capable, through technology and culture, of living in an area that should, in theory, be unable to support us. And what makes it worst is the fact that, regardless of political (countries) and geographical barriers, we all share a common home called mother earth. Therefore overpopulation affects the individual area suffering from it, and, because of globalization, the rest of the world. However, the countries most affected by extreme population are of course the countries suffering from it. In our world there are many countries, principally, Asian countries that reside under this “deplorable” conditions of overpopulation. To understand overpopulation, it is necessary to analyze the underlying reasons behind it, the consequences of it, and most importantly the solutions for it. Like mentioned above, culturally and geographically, Asian countries are more prone to suffer...
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...Human Population Growth Concerns about Human Population Growth Population growth in India has grown significantly. According to Nova, “ In 1953, India was the first country in the world to launch a mass media campaign to spread the concept of family planning in response to population growth.” This step was aimed at an attempt to control and make the population understand the importance of not over populating as there was a significant rise in the population. Relationship between Population Growth and Environmental Impact As the population grows more and more, it impacts the environment with pollution such as garbage, waste and gases, the over use of resources, the constant use of farm land which takes nutrient out the soil, polluted water. These factors make the people of India prone to many diseases and sometimes fatality occurs as these factors are a result of population growth. How the human population is changing The human population in India is dramatically changing. According to About.Geography.com, “With 1.21 billion people, India is currently the world’s second largest country… Experts expect India to surpass the population of China, currently the most populous country in the world, by 2010.” So from this information, we can see that the human population is greatly increasing in India and over populating is and will pose very serious repercussions. How the society develops as the human population growth increases With a huge population, the society...
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...India, the second most populated country in the world is an extremely diverse, multi lingual and culturally pluralistic nation. It comprises of various religions, cultures, cultures within cultures and people from different strata of society living together. However, India has had an unstable colonial past and it is still growing and developing economically, socially, politically and culturally. Currently, it is faced with poverty, illiteracy, and infant mortality, underdevelopment, overpopulation and corruption. In spite of that, India is one of the world’s fastest growing economies and is finding its place on the Global stage. Demography plays a vital role in determining a country’s stand in terms of economic, social and cultural development. Currently, the major theme in Indian demography is its transition. In my paper, I will discuss India’s demography and analyze the various reasons for why it is such. I will also talk about the consequent implications the current demographic characteristics have on Indian society. India gained its independence from the British Empire on 15th August, 1947. What followed immediately after independence was the beginning of a tragic, violent and turbulent phase in India’s history. India was partitioned into two nation states – India and Pakistan. There were mass migrations, voluntary and involuntary, from one country to another. It was one of the largest migrations to be recorded in human history. An estimated 14.5 million people...
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...the Metropolitan Cities The Nature and Causes of Growing Slum Problems in the Metropolitan Cities of India! A slum can be defined as a “compact settlement with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary nature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions.” The growth of metropolitan cities in India has been largely unplanned and haphazard and this can be seen from the fact that one-fourth of total urban population lives in slum and squaller settlements. Slum Population in India - Slum Population simply refers to people living in slum areas below the poverty line. As India is still on the path of development, there is large number of people living below the poverty line. These people usually live in slum areas connected to the city. According to Government sources, the Slum Population of India have exceeds the population of Britain. It has doubled in last two decades. According to last census in 2001, the slum-dwelling population of India had risen from 27.9 million in 1981 to 61.8 million in 2001. Indian economy has achieved a significant growth of 8 percent annually in last four years, but there is still large number of people nearly 1.1 billion still survives on less than 1 $ (around 46 INR) in a day. Increase in Indian Population over a period of time has also resulted in slum population growth. Despite of Government efforts to build new houses and other basic infrastructure, most of the people...
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...Question – Planet and Population India Select a single country or small set of related countries; examine recent and projected population growth rate in detail, including the factors contributing to the growth rates and trends in those rates. Compare with similar information for the United States or Canada. India’s history over the past 70 years has made remarkable progress. Improvements in the health and education systems, making Indians live longer as well as more schooling, which has had tremendous results. However there are still issues to be solved in order to improve living conditions across geographic and gender lines. “The future population size largely depends on whether the birth rate continues to fall, especially in the heavily populated north and in rural areas where contraceptive use is currently lower. United Nations 2015 projections show India at 1.3 billion in 2015 and possibly reaching 1.7 billion people in 2050”. India is currently the second most populous country in the world. With approximately 19 million people added every year, the country provides more to annual world population growth than any other country. In the next 10 years India is set to reach two major milestones. The first will exceed China to become the world’s most populous country and secondly reach replacement fertility as families have fewer children. With a growing population there is always the pros and the cons of the expansion of the land. Some of the issues India will start to find...
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...1. Introduction India is a country in the eastern part of the world. It’s the second most populated country and also has a very populous democracy. In India one-fourth of the population is urban, and three-fourth is rural. British took over India in the early 19th century and ruled it for three-hundred years. At that time India and Pakistan were one country. After the British left in 1947, Pakistan became a separate country. Some of India’s great cities include Bombay (Mumbai), Calcutta, Madras, Bangalore, Delhi, and Hyderabad. New Delhi is the country’s capital. To the north of India lies China and to the south lies Sri Lanka. To the east lies Bangladesh, and to the west lies Pakistan. India includes 28 states and 7 union territories. Some of India’s main landforms include the Himalayas to the north and the Ganges River to the east. It covers more than 1.2 million square miles. 2. Climate India has five main seasons. They are monsoons, fall, winter, summer, and spring. During the monsoon, a heavy downpour occurs from June to September. Some cities get as much as three inches of rain, whereas some cities get as much as five-hundred inches. The negative impact of the monsoons is flooding, but on the other hand monsoons are critical for irrigating the fields. After the monsoons are over, there can be extreme heat. The monsoons are some of the reasons for India’s diseases, such as cholera and typhoid. On the contrary, if it does not rain much in a year...
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...Eye on Asia Can soaring population give India an edge over China? Posted by: Bruce Einhorn on September 19, 2006 India’s population is exploding and is likely to surpass China as the world’s biggest within a few decades. In a country where more than 25% of the people live in poverty, is that a good thing? One of the top executives at India’s premier pharma company seems to think so. Last week Brian Tempest, the former CEO and current “chief mentor” at Ranbaxy Laboratories, told an industry gathering that the growth of India’s below-25 population “is going to act as a secret weapon in the future,” according to this report in the Hindu. Tempest went on to take a jab at China, saying that slower Chinese population growth would put the Middle Kingdom at a disadvantage. Says Tempest, “the one-child policy in China will play a spoilsport.” The logic is simple. Fast population growth equals more young people, and more young people equals a more dynamic work force. According to the Indian Express, citing India’s Ministry of Labour and Employment, India already has an advantage over more advanced economies. The median age in India in 2000 was 24, compared to 30 in China, 38 in Europe and 41 in creaky old Japan. However, most of those Indians live in the countryside, and it’s no secret that India’s rural population is not sharing in the boom enjoyed by people in other parts of the country. In the past, Asiatech blog readers have written in to debate the merits of India’s development...
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...of 31673 rural households and 18624 urban households spread over the entire country was surveyed in the Consumer Expenditure Survey of the 64th round of NSS, carried out in 2007-08. LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION IN 2007-08 Average Monthly Per Capita consumer Expenditure (MPCE) in 2007-08 was Rs.772 in rural India and Rs.1472 in urban India at 2007-08 prices. About 65% of the rural population had MPCE lower than the national rural average. For urban India the corresponding proportion was 66%. The survey estimated that in 2007-08, around one-half of the Indian rural population belonged to households with MPCE less than Rs.649 at 2007-08 prices. In 2006-07, the corresponding level of MPCE for the rural population had been estimated as Rs.580. In urban India, one-half of the population belonged to households with monthly per capita consumer expenditure less than Rs.1130. In 2006-07, the corresponding level of MPCE for the urban population had been estimated as Rs.990. About 10% of the rural population had MPCE under Rs.400. The corresponding figure for the urban population was Rs.567, that is, 42% higher. At the other extreme, about 10% of the rural population had MPCE above Rs.1229. The corresponding figure for the urban population was Rs.2654, that is, 116% higher. Real MPCE (base 1987-88) was estimated to have grown by about 21% from 1993-94 to 2007-08 (that is, over a 14-year period) in rural India and by about 36% in urban India. The annual real terms increase from 2006-07 to 2007-08 in...
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...DEMOGRAPHY OF AGING Working Paper Series Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth David E. Bloom January 2011 PGDA Working Paper No. 65 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/pgda/working.htm The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Harvard Initiative for Global Health. The Program on the Global Demography of Aging receives funding from the National Institute on Aging, Grant No. 1 P30 AG024409-06. 1 Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth1 David E. Bloom Harvard School of Public Health January 2011 Keywords: Age structure China-India comparison Conditional convergence Demographic dividend Demographic transition Economic growth Economic growth in India Policy reform Population health Population of India Abstract Demographic change in India is opening up new economic opportunities. As in many countries, declining infant and child mortality helped to spark lower fertility, effectively resulting in a temporary baby boom. As this cohort moves into working ages, India finds itself with a potentially higher share of workers as compared with dependents. If working-age people can be productively employed, India’s economic growth stands to accelerate. Theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of demographics on labor supply, savings, and economic growth underpins this effort to understand and forecast economic growth in India. Policy choices can potentiate India’s realization...
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...Background Information of India India is a country located in South Asia with a total area of 3,287,263 square km. It has a total population of 1.241 billion. Hindi is the official language of the country with 14 other official regional languages. However, English has become the second language and often used in business. New Delhi is the capital city of the country. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for India is $1,592. Population growth in India is decreasing, however, it is predicted that its population will reach 1.4 billion by 2025. Life expectancy in India has also increased from 66 years old for men and 71 years old for women. However, the population is still living in rural area with almost 60% of the population living in slumps and villages. However, the shift from rural to urban is also increasing. Literacy rates in India have surged to 74.04%. With a GDP per capita (PPP) of $3,649.53, the economy of India is made up of agriculture, mining, industry, construction and services. Services are the major economic driver for India and the best-performing. The biggest and most crucial market for India is U.S for IT. PESTE Factors 1. Political Factors * Stability of Government India is a federal republic with 28 states and seven union territories with Mr Pranab Mukherjee being the president of India since he was elected in July 2012. As of today, there are 13 political organizations with Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). In...
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...all these issues. INDIA- An economic boom and environmental Disaster INDIA- An economic boom and environmental Disaster India, the country’s name is derived from the great ancient civilization that was situated around the river Indus, the Indus Valley Civilization. This is known to be one of the oldest known civilizations in the human history, dating back to 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. The civilization that began in the northwestern region of India surrounding the Indus River later spread its tribes further across to east and south, covering the whole of present known peninsula of India. (UCLA, nd) India has been ruled by a lot of rulers. They came to India in search of wealth and prosperity. India had a lush and very dense amount of resources, which made it one of the most flourishing countries of that period. India at that time had very good trade relations with the Middle Eastern, Persian, European and Afghanistan etc. India traded goods like cotton, spices, gold and silk. In the recent history, India has been ruled by the Persian-Arab Mughals and later by British Imperials. (Mark, 2012) The Mughals and the British were the most influential rulers in the Indian ecological history. They Mughals were greatly responsible for bringing in architecture and art to India. They constructed many monuments and embezzled these monuments with precious stones and gold. The British are responsible for bringing in modern elements like trains to India. While the Mughals...
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...The literal meaning of OVER population explosion is “a pyramiding of numbers of a biological population” (Webster’s dictionary). The main factors affecting the population change are the birth rate, death rate and migration. Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality. The population change is calculated by the formula: Population change = (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration) India, being a developing country, has had to face several economic and political challenges. One of the most important problems is the population explosion. India's population hit 1 billion in May 2000, increasing the urgency for the country to take steps to control its population growth. Some of the reasons for this population explosion are poverty, better medical facilities, and immigration from our neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Nepal. The population density of India in 1996 was about 287 persons per square kilometre. Several solutions to decrease the rate of population increase have been tried by the government, some successful, some unsuccessful. Although the rate of increase has decreased, the rate has not reached the satisfactory level yet. The population in India continues to increase at an alarming rate. The effects of this population increase can be felt in the increasing poverty, unemployment, air and water pollution, and shortage of food, health resources and educational resources. The main reasons, effects...
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...India’s population for the year 2011 has been marked as 1.21 billion. A huge one when compared to the other countries, except China, for sure. It has around 17.31% of the total world population and it wouldn’t surprise me if one out of every six person in the world is- an Indian. And if one ponders to the question- “what India is doing to stop it?” Then the answer is nothing but make the best use of it, or in other terms capitalising on its demographic advantage. The concern about the size of India’s population has been shown by the intelligent right from the beginning of the present century but active interest in the study of population became pronounced only with the launch of planning for economic and social development after independence. The First Five Year Plan, from the year 1951-56 duly recognized population as an important parameter which requires careful consideration i9n the planning of country’s development. It has been credited to the never-ending poverty, floating illiteracy and falling mortality rate. Though the overtly-populous country has been in the news continuously for a decade now, but it’s all for the right reasons, and especially for how it is taking on its economy to a higher level. India has more than 50% of its population under the age of 25, and around 65% of its population under the age of 35. With a whopping population growth rate, India will soon topple China, by the end of 2030. Since its Independence, India has grown almost...
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...Government Plans Programme & Policies Topic: INDIA, G 20 AND THE WORLD (PART -1) Introduction Second World War was definitive in redistribution of the world power. Authority of United States of America was established and after a prolonged cold war with the other waning super power, USSR, the power slowly shifted towards the western democracies led by US. Japan was quick to recover too and through its technological innovations & business practices soon became a formidable force despite its relatively smaller area, population and insignificant military prowess. Economic might had become the new centre of gravity and formations like G6, a club of the rich, involving US, Japan France, Germany, Italy and UK emerged in 1975. Origin of G-20 After the second world war, free from occupation and external aggression countries like India and China, initially stayed aloof addressing their own domestic concerns, building their nations. It took some time for these countries to integrate themselves in the world economy. Meanwhile they continued to grow rapidly in terms of population, a factor that they could later leverage when they would start to open up. Slowly even with relatively lower per capita GDP but a big enough population and favourable age structure their overall impact in world economy could no longer be ignored. In the meantime, Developed countries were at their peak. The way in which business would be done was changing world over. Spurred by the information technology (IT)...
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