...Abstract-The People of rural India are mainly depending upon agriculture and small business units like fishing, earning through domestic animals, small business units etc. They are not making the agriculture and business profitable because due to the lack of monetary resources. Only few people of rural India are using capital intensive method to cultivate their lands. The most of the rural people are not sustaining in their small business for a long period of time due to insufficient fund available with them. Microfinance in one of the important tool which plays a significant role in poverty elimination and economic development of rural poor. The need therefore, is to share experiences and materials, which will help not only in understanding...
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...do not always determine food security of a country. It must be realised that even within developed countries food insecurity is still a problem, especially with widening gaps between the rich and poor. Furthermore external factors, such as war, can hugely disrupt food security in both MEDC’s and LEDC’s. Aid, usually given to food insecure LEDC’s, can also improve a less developed country’s food security, however usually this is not a long term or sustainable solution. Climatic conditions also impact upon country’s food security, for the short term or the long term. Climatic extremes, such as drought and natural disasters, which are arguably worsening with climate change, make it hard for countries to grow a sustainable amount of crops. Overcoming such factors in association to climate is a challenge for both MEDC’s and LEDC’s. Therefore such...
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...During the 1960s and 1970s, India’s economy faced many challenges, growing only an average of 3–3.5 percent per year. Numerous obstacles hindered foreign companies from investing in India, and many restrictions on eco- nomic activity caused huge difficulties for Indian firms and a lack of interest among foreign investors. For many years the government had problems with implementing reform and overcoming bureaucratic and political divi- sions. Business activity has traditionally been undervalued in India; leisure is typically given more value than work. Stemming from India’s colonial legacy, Indians are highly suspicious of foreign investors. Indeed, there have been a few well-publicized disputes between the Indian govern- ment and foreign investors. 3 More recently, however, many Western companies are finding an easier time doing business in India. 4 In 1991, political conditions had changed, many restrictions were eased, and economic reforms came into force. With more than 1 billion consumers, India has become an increas- ingly attractive market. 5 From 2003–2006, foreign invest- ment doubled to $6 billion. Imported goods have become a status symbol for the burgeoning middle class. 6 In 2008/09 FDI in India stood at $27.31 billion. 7 In 2009, India was the third highest recipient of FDI and was likely to continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during the following two years, according...
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...This definition of accountability is borrowed from World Bank, World Development Report 2004 Making Services Work for Poor People. Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2003. Web, p. 47. 2 3 Ernst and Young. Right to Education Report. March 2012. Web. Ibid. 4 5 See, e.g. Saxena, Shobhan. “Missing teachers are India’s weakest link.” The Times of India. Sep. 5, 2010. Web. See, e.g. Chowdry, Anirvan, “Carrots for Teachers,” Accountability Initiative. Dec. 1, 2011. Web. 6 Government of India, RTE, Chapter 4, Article 21, Clause 1. 7 8 Ibid, Chapter 4, Article 21, Clause 1. Ministry of Human Resource Development, G.S.E. 301(E), Part II, Ch. 3, Article 5. 9 Government of India, RTE, Chapter 4, Article 22, Clause 2(a) and 2(c). 10 Ibid, Chapter 4, Article 22, Clause 2(b). For both upper and lower primary schools. OECD. Public and Private Schools: How Management and Funding Relate to their Socio-economic Profile. PISA. OECD Publishing. 2012. Web. 12 11 Figure 2 - Source: 2007 and 2011 and 2012 ASER Reports Authors' calculations of average attendance in Primary Schools and Upper Primary Schools (weighted by number of schools in each category). Figure 3 - Source: 2011 and 2012 ASER Report Figure 4 – Relationships between grants, material inputs, attendance, and learning outcomes. Arrows indicate some evidence of a statistically significant relationship according to authors’ analysis of ASER-PAISA, PAISA-DRC, and DISE datasets. 13 Demographic variables...
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...India, the second most populated country in the world is an extremely diverse, multi lingual and culturally pluralistic nation. It comprises of various religions, cultures, cultures within cultures and people from different strata of society living together. However, India has had an unstable colonial past and it is still growing and developing economically, socially, politically and culturally. Currently, it is faced with poverty, illiteracy, and infant mortality, underdevelopment, overpopulation and corruption. In spite of that, India is one of the world’s fastest growing economies and is finding its place on the Global stage. Demography plays a vital role in determining a country’s stand in terms of economic, social and cultural development. Currently, the major theme in Indian demography is its transition. In my paper, I will discuss India’s demography and analyze the various reasons for why it is such. I will also talk about the consequent implications the current demographic characteristics have on Indian society. India gained its independence from the British Empire on 15th August, 1947. What followed immediately after independence was the beginning of a tragic, violent and turbulent phase in India’s history. India was partitioned into two nation states – India and Pakistan. There were mass migrations, voluntary and involuntary, from one country to another. It was one of the largest migrations to be recorded in human history. An estimated 14.5 million people...
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...of human rights and political liberty are now very much a part of the prevailing rhetoric. People live much longer, on an average, than ever before. Also, the different regions of the globe are now more closely linked than they have ever been. This is so not only in the fields of trade, commerce and communication, but also in terms of interactive ideas and ideals. And yet we also live in a world with remarkable deprivation, destitution and oppression. There are many new problems as well as old ones, including persistence of poverty and unfulfilled elementary needs, occurrence of famines and widespread hunger, violation of elementary political freedoms as well as of basic liberties, extensive neglect of the interests and agency of women and worsening threats to our environment and to the sustainability of our economic and social lives. Many of these deprivations can be observed, in one form or another, in rich countries as well as poor ones. Overcoming these problems is a central part of the exercise of development. We have to recognize, it is argued here, the role of freedoms of different kinds in countering these afflictions. Indeed, individual agency is, ultimately, central to addressing these deprivations. On the other hand, the freedom of agency that we have individually is inescapably qualified and constrained by the social, political and economic opportunities that are available to us. There is a deep complementarity between individual agency and social arrangements...
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...host of challenges with great rapidity. And yet we continually strive to integrate into a globalised world whilst balancing our national agenda of democracy, development and trade. While speaking on Bangladesh, since coming here as Bangladesh’s High Commissioner I have come to realize, increasingly and sadly as time has gone by, that Bangladesh is often bypassed and when discussed or referred to in the South Asian context, the emphasis more often than not is on negative elements. Overcoming certain misperceptions about my country and bringing it out of the ugly shadows generated by misinformation, sometimes seem in itself the biggest challenge to me. However, whatever we as a nation have achieved since our independence have come as part of our victories in our persistent struggle on numerous fronts in an increasingly globalized world. As it traversed the oceans of fire and blood during its long struggle for national independence, across the barren desert of autocratic rule and overcoming the horrendous calamities wrought by nature’s wrath, Bangladesh has manifested, if nothing else, its indomitable spirit of defiance, its astonishing resilience and the thunder in its heart. And its people are the heroic embodiment of all of this and more. They are the ones who have not only defied the doomsayers but have successfully challenged the predictions of the pundits and have brought into question the glibly accepted postulates of happiness and success. Bangladesh’s foremost...
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...group of fivei. All these figures made me look into details of who is doing what to overcome this devastating epidemic and how it is affecting our economy. This paper will illustrate the impact of malnutrition on businesses and economies, and how it has altered my outlook towards life. Malnutrition is not only an urgent global health issue; it is also a hitch to productivity, economic growth and poverty reduction. We again end up asking the unchanged question, who is responsible? Definition UNICEFii defines malnutrition as a broad term commonly used as an alternative to undernutrition but technically it also refers to overnutrition. People are malnourished if their diet does not provide adequate calories and protein for growth and maintenance or they are unable to fully utilize the food they eat due to illness (undernutrition). They are also malnourished if they consume too many calories (overnutrition). Words like GDP and GNP which was covered in the class, provided me with a different perspective to the situation. I took time to review the effect of malnutrition in my country, India. I found that malnutrition was causing a loss as high as 3 to 4% to my country’s growing GDPiii. Even though the overall GDP of the country has been rising, the amount of loss caused by malnutrition is also increasing. Effect of Malnutrition on Economy Malnutrition indicates poor economic policies of the country, deprived agricultural conditions and also...
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...latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-india-caste25-2009oct25,0,1539664.story Dalit women find their voice through a newspaper Indian tribal and so-called untouchable women, overcoming social hurdles, write and run their own weekly newspaper in northern India. Their own stories are as compelling as their reports. By Mark Magnier 9:52 PM PDT, October 24, 2009 Reporting from Banda, India Shanti, left, Meera and Prema meet at the office of Khabar Lahariya, India's first newspaper run by tribal and Dalit women. It recently won a UNESCO award for promoting literacy. (Mark Magnier / Los Angeles Times) The pen, it's sometimes said, is mightier than the sword. For these women, it's also a ticket to respect. HYPERLINK "http://www.nirantar.net/khabar.htm" Khabar Lahariya, or "News Waves," is India's first newspaper written, read and run by tribal women and those from the Dalit, or so-called untouchable, caste. While most readers know only of the politics, crime or education news in the 8-page weekly, each of the writers has a story of her own about struggling against life's harsh challenges. Many of the dozen or so women on staff were beaten or sexually abused as children, married off young, endured abusive marriages and fought mightily for an education and a divorce. Often, the newspaper provides them with a voice on important issues for the first time in their lives along with a sense of confidence and purpose. The paper is also a labor of love. Not only do the...
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...and what’s different in poverty reduction?” would have brought a set of answers different from those that one would give today. Despite the Asian financial and economic crisis, positive new developments within the last two years suggest promising possibilities for poverty reduction and poverty elimination. Poverty Reduction before the Asian Financial and Economic Crisis Three new elements stand out in the approach to poverty reduction in the 1990s. First, there was a new optimism in the mid-1990s over the prospects for rapid reduction of poverty in developing countries. The Human Development Report (HDR) for 1997, which focused on poverty, amply demonstrates this. It showed that the incidence of poverty had fallen more in the last 50 years than in the previous 500 years. Indicators of human development highlighted significant advances in most countries of the world, including countries that had experienced long periods of economic difficulty. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) and some 14 other countries, with a population totaling 1.5 billion people, had shown astonishing drops in poverty in less than 20 years. Ten more countries with almost another billion people reduced the proportion of their populations below the poverty line by a quarter or more. All this set the stage for optimism regarding prospects in the rest of the world, with many Asian countries leading the way. Second, there was a new commitment to reducing and eventually eliminating poverty. At the World Summit for...
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...Chris McCandless and Mahatma Gandhi both chose a very non elaborate way of living. McCandless chose a very simple lifestyle to escape modern American ideals. Gandhi chose a life of poverty to connect with the majority of the Indian residence. Chris showed the world not too get caught up in materialistic things. While Gandhi showed the world that the pen is mightier than the sword and you have a voice and violence isn’t always the way of expressing that voice. In this first section, I provide the important success both McCandless and Gandhi fulfilled on their quest. Chris McCandless was not content with his life, so he decided to break away from his family and friends. He strived to arrive at the Stampede Trail. McCandless achieved everything...
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...forecasting flourishes as a discipline and the economists show indomitable courage to sketch out their scenarios of an uncertain and unknown future. This article therefore examines the past developments, current trends of Pakistani economy and the future global and regional outlook and builds the most likely scenario for the medium term economic prospects of the country (next 10 years or so) and then reviews the downside risks and upside gains around this scenario. 2. Pakistan is still a low income country and it would require at least next 14 years of 7 percent average annual GDP growth to double its per-capita income to around $ 2000 (official exchange rate conversion). This growth rate should also be able to reduce the incidence of poverty by half and meet the Millennium Development Goal. 3. It is easy to make this normative statement but more difficult question is how can this growth rate be achieved on a sustained basis? The prophets of doom and gloom in Pakistan (and there are plenty of them) who are constantly polluting the minds of our younger generation and turning them into cynics at very early age sapping their energies for constructive thinking and actions would dismiss this exercise as a figment of imagination or at best a fantasy. To them, all the economic gains have accrued due to the windfall of 9/11 and Pakistan’s support to the US in the war against terror. When confronted with the stark fact that Pakistan was one of the few countries that grew by 6 percent...
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...FINANCE MANAGEMENT AND ITS ANALYSIS IN INDIA BANKING MANAGEMENT CONTENTS PAGE NO. 1. ABSTRACT 3 2. OBJECTIVE 3 3. METHODOLOGY 3 4. INTRODUCTION 4 5. EMERGENCE OF MICRO FINANCE 5 6. CLIENTS OF MICRO FINANCE 6 7. MICRO FINANCE NEED IN INDIA 6 8. MICRO FINANCING REGULATIONS IN INDIA 7 9. ACTIVITIES IN MICRO FINANCE 8 10. LEGAL REGULATIONS 9 11. GOVERNMENT ‘S ROLE IN SUPPORTING MICRO FINANCE 12 12. MICRO FINANCE SUPPORTING WOMEN 13 13. MICRO FINANCE MODELS 14 14. SUCCESS OF MICRO FINANCE IN INDIA ...
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...Case Study The BRICs: Vanguard of The Revolution The BRICs, composed of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, are the future of the world’s most powerful economies and the current most accelerated emerging economies. Together they are home to nearly 2.8 billion people, about 40 percent of the planet’s population. They currently generate about 30 percent of world’s GDP. They have come a long way from the last 30 years or so, each one overcoming their own barriers and obstacles to achieve where they are today. They are all expecting to increase their income within the next 15-30 years exponentially, allowing for the economy to flourish and incorporate new markets that were otherwise less popular or almost non-existent. For example, cars in India and China were about 2 and 9 out of 100 people, respectively. They estimate that the total number of cars in both countries could rise from 150 million today to north of a billion by 2030. Not everything is positive however, there are skeptics who say there are problems such as the delusion that current trends will continue indefinitely and uninterrupted. That economic growth rates slow as the base of activity expands and advantages such as cheap labor or low-cost capital wane as growing demand increases marginal price pressures. That there’s always a black swan event, an unexpected, hard-to-predict impact that resets the game such as the internet, the collapse of the Soviet Union or the global financial crisis. Despite ever-present...
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... 5 2. Introduction 6 3. Urban Poverty 7 4. Urban Microfinance 9 5. Financial Inclusion in India 11 6. Microfinance as an Anti-Poverty Vaccine 15 7. Transformation of Microfinance in India 19 8. Scaling up Microfinance 22 9. Microfinance in India - A Tool For Poverty Reduction 26 10. SWOT Analysis of Microfinance 29 11. Delivery Models of Microfinance 32 12. Interest Rates in MFIs and prevailing trends 36 13. Scope of further study 42 14. Conclusion 44 15. Bibliography 46 OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT WORK This project work tries to outline the prevailing condition of the Microfinance in India in the light of its emergence till now. Microfinance refers to small savings, credit and insurance services extended to socially and economically disadvantaged segments of society. It is emerging as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation in India. The prospect of Micro-Finance is dominated by SHGs (Self Help Groups) - Banks linkage Program. Its main aim is to provide a cost effective mechanism for providing financial services to the poor. To understand the transformation experiences better, the issues that trigger transformation were identified viz.: size, diversity of services, financial sustainability and focus. It is argued that the transformation experiences in India are not large in number. However, I found that there are...
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