...[pic] Ecole Superieures Libre des Sciences Commerciales Appliquees Doctorate of Business Administration Human Capital Management Paper on Dynamic Capabilities of Firms Presented to: Dr. Sherif Delawar By Mohamed Antably March 2012 Cairo, Egypt. Abstract: From one hand the dynamic capabilities of firms are the sources and methods of wealth creation and capture by private enterprise firms operating in environments of rapid technological change. Other hand, Human capital ultimate objectives are linking HR practices and knowledge with goals of the firm to achieve and develop Competitive advantages. Accordingly, linking both statements would generate that HC is not only working to achieve the organizations objectives and but also to formalize, maintain and develop the firm dynamic capabilities. HC should also work on sharing and collecting success stories, lessons learnt and implicit individuals' knowledge into institutional explicit knowledge. The competitive advantage of firms is seen as resting on distinctive processes (ways of coordinating and combining which is more difficult among horizontal levels but easy in the vertical levels applying the chain of command), shaped by the firm's asset positions (such as the firm's portfolio of difficult-to-trade knowledge assets and complementary assets), and the evolution path(s) it has adopted or inherited. The importance of path dependencies is ampled...
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...Managing Supplier Integration into Product Development: A Literature Review and Conceptual Model Finn Wynstra and Ferrie van Echtelt Eindhoven Centre for Innovation Studies/Institute for Purchasing & Supply Development, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513 - 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands Tel. +31 40 2473841, Fax +31 40 2465949, j.y.f.wynstra@tm.tue.nl, f.e.a.v.echtelt@tm.tue.nl Abstract This paper presents a critical literature review concerning the effects of involving suppliers in product development, the critical processes underlying the management of this involvement and the potential driving and enabling factors for managing supplier involvement in product development. Together they constitute the building blocks for a ‘input-throughput-output’ model that helps in understanding the crucial elements of how to manage supplier involvement in product development. This model draws on our previous work in this area, but focuses more clearly on the ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’ of managing supplier involvement. Introduction to managing supplier integration in product development Literature on product innovation has been pervasively trying to distil the key ingredients for company success. Many of the internal and external actors that are involved in product development - and the interfaces between them - have been subjects of research. Especially the interface between R&D on the one side and marketing and customers on the other side has been investigated (Souder and Chakrabarti...
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...School Draft Working Paper: November 2006 Innovation: Basic Concepts and Models By S. N. Nasirpourosgoei and A-M Coles For many firms the development of new products is a major business activity, although Ettlie (2006) points out that many new products are merely copies or imitations of existing ones. The study of innovation is concerned with identifying how firms use their existing knowledge and technical resources to develop goods, processes and services that are significantly novel. Innovation is often seen as a key driver of economic growth for a country and increased firm productivity (Gann, 2003 cited in Abbott and Jeong, 2006). Trott (2005) demonstrates that the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century was fuelled by technological innovations, while Abbott and Jeong (2006) argue that there is now increasing emphasis on the importance of innovation for long-term economic success. At an organisational level, specific benefits include such factors as market growth, reductions in production cost, competitive positioning and opening up of new markets (Slaughter, 1998). For Ettlie the key questions in the study of innovation relate to the way some firms can utilise individual creativity in innovation more successfully than others. Innovation is has become a vital part of business survival and is supported by much academic study into reasons for its success and failure, for example, in 1994 – 1995, 275 books published in the US had the word ‘innovation’ in their title...
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...TL 038 INNOVATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT: A RESEARCH AGENDA SERGEY FILIPPOV; HERMAN MOOI DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF INNOVATION SYSTEMS RESEARCHER AT DELFT CENTRE FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT (THE NETHERLANDS) Abstract th Originally developed in the mid-20 century, project management has become a distinctive way to manage business activities nowadays. Another important development is virtually universal recognition of the role of innovation and technology in the corporate change, growth and profitability. It is unsurprising that development of innovation is often run as a project. Yet, theoretically both project management and innovation studies have evolved over time as distinctively separate disciplines. In this paper we make an attempt to conceptualise the innovation project management and to specify the idiosyncratic nature of innovation projects as opposed to conventional projects. By doing so, we contribute to the nascent academic debate on the interplay between innovation and project management. Key words: project management, innovation, technology 1. Introduction This paper is concerned with three topics and the interplay between them, namely “Innovation”, “Research and Development (R&D)” and “Project Management”. The interest in these topics has exploded recently as they emerged both on the policy agenda and in the corporate strategies. The contribution of technological innovation to national economic growth has been well established in...
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...International Journal of Innovation Management Vol. 5, No. 3 (September 2001) pp. 377–400 © Imperial College Press DEVELOPING INNOVATION CAPABILITY IN ORGANISATIONS: A DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES APPROACH BENN LAWSON Department of Accounting, The University of Melbourne Victoria, 3010, Australia e-mail: blawson@unimelb.edu.au DANNY SAMSON Department of Management, The University of Melbourne Victoria, 3010, Australia e-mail: d.samson@unimelb.edu.au Received 1 February 2001 Revised 18 August 2001 Accepted 21 August 2001 This paper draws together knowledge from a variety of fields to propose that innovation management can be viewed as a form of organisational capability. Excellent companies invest and nurture this capability, from which they execute effective innovation processes, leading to innovations in new product, services and processes, and superior business performance results. An extensive review of the literature on innovation management, along with a case study of Cisco Systems, develops a conceptual model of the firm as an innovation engine. This new operating model sees substantial investment in innovation capability as the primary engine for wealth creation, rather than the possession of physical assets. Building on the dynamic capabilities literature, an “innovation capability” construct is proposed with seven elements. These are vision and strategy, harnessing the competence base, organisational intelligence, creativity and idea management, organisational structures...
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...INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, ICED’07 28 - 31 AUGUST 2007, CITÉ DES SCIENCES ET DE L'INDUSTRIE, PARIS, FRANCE AN APPROACH TO INCREMENTAL INNOVATION THEORIES AND ITS METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Hannu Oja Tampere University of Technology ABSTRACT A quest for powerful tools to support creation of innovative solutions exists in industry. Majority of development efforts aims for incremental development of products, either by means of improved performance in use or during manufacturing process. New concepts or solutions on product’s functionality and behaviour (behaviour meaning how the functionality is delivered, response) are needed to bring benefits. Generic product development theories, models and methods are applicable for new product development, as their approach is linear and founded on functional requirements and means to execute them. However, in industry the product development activities preferably start from existing product or concept with pre-determined goals rather than from scratch. Creativity techniques and multidisciplinary workgroups have been referred in literature as means for creating innovations. However, these methods lack context of technical system and are general in nature and could be used for any problem with assistance of experienced moderator and a group of individuals. These techniques and methods are not included in this study. An approach from retrospective case study is presented. It was found that the mental process...
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...Stewart, 1967; Cooper and Schendel, 1976; Rosenbloom and Cusamano, 1987; Rothaermel, 2001a, 2001b; Tushman and Anderson, 1986). Scholars have repeatedly focused on this topic as innovation and new product development are critical for a firm’s survival and growth (Penrose, 1995) and have stated that one of the core competencies needed to develop new technologies is the ability to assimilate and recombine knowledge in unique combinations (Rosenkopf and Nerkar, 2001). Simply put, successful innovation and new product development require the ability to create and use new knowledge to offer novel products or services to customers. Research indicates that firms who possess prior experience are in a better position to innovate (Carroll et al., 1996; Henderson and Cockburn, 1994; Klepper and Simons 2000; Nerkar and Roberts, 2004). Prior studies have also highlighted the importance of knowledge and experience in enabling firms to successfully adapt to changes in technology (Bartel and Lichtenberg, 1987, 1991; Siegel, 1999; Siegel et al., 1997). This stream of literature specifically states that a firm’s technological and product-market experience enables it to “combine knowledge elements into valuable new products” (Nerkar and Roberts, 2004). Although this research stream makes valuable contributions to the innovation literature, it...
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... Vol.48(1), pp.1-30, 2007. Acknowledgement An earlier version of this paper was presented as the Asia Pacific Viewpoint Lecture at the International Geographical Union Regional Congress, Brisbane, Australia, 3-7 July 2006. I would like to thank Asia Pacific Viewpoint and the editor, Warwick Murray, for inviting and funding me to deliver the lecture. Conference participants also offered some useful comments. The paper was subsequently revised and reworked while I was a Visiting Researcher at the International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development (ICSEAD), Kitakyushu, Japan, 10 July to 9 September 2006. I am very grateful to ICSEAD for its generous Visiting Researcher scheme and ICSEAD colleagues for their comments on an earlier version of this paper that was presented at an ICSEAD public seminar and appeared as an ICSEAD Working Paper (No.2006-16). Further helpful comments from anonymous reviewers are much appreciated. The NUS Academic Research Fund (R-109-000-050-112) supports the research project underpinning this paper. I am grateful to all corporate and institutional interviewees for their generosity and helpfulness, my research collaborators, Jang-sup Shin and Yong-Sook Lee, for their significant intellectual inputs, Angela Leung for her excellent research assistance, and Graham Bowden at Manchester University for producing Figures 2 and 3. I am solely responsible for the content of this paper. 21 December 2006 From Followers to Market Leaders: Asian Electronics...
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...the theory base for any such attempts has to be informed by strategic management theory, since the primary question that strategic management seeks to answer is why some firms outperform others over time. This paper synthesizes three major streams of thought in strategic management with the empirical and theoretical literature on strategic marketing to develop an integrative theory-based conceptual framework linking marketing with firms’ business performance. Keywords Marketing strategy . Marketing resources . Marketing capabilities . Positional advantage . Competitors . Market performance . Financial performance Introduction The role of marketing in explaining firms’ business performance has received significant attention throughout the history of the marketing discipline. The need to link marketing with business performance has become more Acknowledgements Doug Vorhies contributed to much of the thinking represented in this paper—a version of which we set out to write together more than a decade ago but never got time to drive to completion in the face of competing projects. Naturally, all errors in the present paper remain mine alone. The author also gratefully acknowledges insightful comments and suggestions in the development of this paper from Costas Katsikeas and Lopo Rego, and the JAMS Editor (Tomas Hult) for his helpful feedback. N. A. Morgan (*) Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, 1309...
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...Technology and How It Be Used To Manage Human Resources Technology and How It Be Used To Manage Human Resources Introduction Today we live in a world that is continuously introducing new processes and technologies to assist with the way we manage our busy lives. The same applies to the way organizations are conducting business. You can bet that at this very moment executives are holding meetings around the world to discuss how their company can utilize the capability of internet based applications to boost production. Automated systems have become the new age way of executing tasks, whether its transferring funds from one account to another or storing records on a hard drive, it’s all done electronically. With advancements in social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook and Linked-in, it is now possible for large communities around the world to connect through the click of a button. Several months ago Facebook reached the monumental milestone of one billion users, that’s roughly one-seventh of the world’s population (Vance, 2012). Humans now posses many methods of getting and staying connected to others by the use of electronic devices. Now a status update or a tweet can reach millions of users in a split second. Prior to the creation of dating sites, if you wanted to start a relationship with another individual, you would have needed to some sort of physical interaction. Now technology has made it possible for internet-based dating sites to predict compatibilities...
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...increased investments by signaling alignment with shareholders’ interests. Radical technological changes provide a source of exogenous variation that contributes to explanation of how firms balance technological pressures for adaptation and institutional pressures for legitimacy. The challenges and opportunities for firms faced with technological changes in their environments have been documented in a large body of organization and strategy research (e.g., Agarwal & Helfat, 2009; Christensen & Bower, 1996; Cooper & Smith, 1992; Henderson & Clark, 1990; Tushman & Anderson, 1986). Prior research has explored the difficulties firms face developing the new knowledge and capabilities required to respond to these major environmental shifts. This work has largely focused on internal sources of organizational or managerial inertia, such as rigid routines and structures (Henderson & Clark, 1990; Leonard-Barton, 1992), difficulty maintaining exploratory innovation under pressures for greater efficiency (e.g., Benner & Tushman, 2002; We thank Associate Editor Gerry Sanders and...
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...ETM / IEL Working Paper Disruptive Innovation in Emerging Markets: Strategies Used in India and China Ruan Y., Hang C.C., Subramanian A.M. No. 01/12 Division of Engineering & Technology Management (D-ETM) Institute of Engineering Leadership (IEL) Faculty of Engineering 1 Disruptive Innovation in Emerging Markets: Strategies Used in India and China Ruan Y., Hang C.C., Annapoornima M.S. Abstract The appropriate type of innovation which can meet the needs of the mass population in the bottom of pyramid (BOP) has not been studied much in the literature. Based on the theory of disruptive innovation, we offer 11 cases from India and China – the two biggest emerging markets to show that disruptive innovation could be an appropriate, feasible, and powerful innovation force to the companies and the economies involved. We also examined the R&D strategies used in these cases based on the framework proposed by Yu & Hang (2011) and found that 3 out of the 4 strategies commonly used in the cases from developed markets were also applied in the cases from emerging markets. In addition, we have identified 3 unique strategies which emerged from the cases from India and China, namely frugal engineering, modularization, and drastic manufacturing cost reduction. Based on the frequency of the usage of these strategies, we drew practical implications for local companies and multinational companies. Our study also provides critical insights to policy makers...
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...The Pharma Innovation Journal 2014; 3(7): 08-12 ISSN: 2277- 7695 TPI 2014; 3(7): 08-12 © 2013 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 14-08-2014 Accepted: 28-08-2014 Rizwan Raheem Ahmed Professor, Department of Business Administration & Commerce Indus University, Pakistan Pharmaceutical marketing mix strategy and physician’s prescription behavior Rizwan Raheem Ahmed ABSTRACT Purpose: This research paper gives an insight about the processes used by local and MNCs pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan.The purpose of our research is to examine that what factors affect physician prescription behavior based on ethical grounds. Methodology: This research focuses on the strategies and marketing tools used by pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan, and how Physicians behave against all these marketing strategies in terms of Prescription patterns. The questionnaire survey method is used for data collection and SPSS is used for Correlation and Regression techniques for the understanding of Physician’s prescription behaviour. Findings: The data analysis figuring out the correlation of these variables with the subject of the study i.e. factors influencing the prescribing behavior of the physician. The data shows the significance level of individual independent variable as Promotional tools. According to the results of Multiple Regressions Analysis (MRA) the researchers can conclude that independent variables have significant relationship with dependent variable. Therefore other all hypotheses...
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...Jonathan P. Doh and Terrence R. Guay GLOBALIZATION AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: HOW NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS INFLUENCE LABOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL CODES OF CONDUCT Abstract • Concerns over the potential negative spillovers from globalization have resulted in increasing demands for multinational corporations (MNCs) to adhere to international standards and codes of responsibility. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been important advocates for development and adoption of these standards and codes. • In this paper, we provide a brief review of the emergence of NGOs and their influence on debates about globalization, and a specific assessment of NGO efforts to promote stronger labor and environmental policies of multinational corporations. • We examine the role of NGOs in development and enforcement of twelve international agreements and codes of conduct addressing labor issues and environmental practices. We use findings from these cases and insights from international business and other managerial theory to develop propositions that explain the circumstances under which NGOs have more or less influence in developing and enforcing international codes. Key Results • We suggest NGOs will achieve the greatest impact on codes of conduct when: 1) they intervene early in the code development process; 2) they forge transnational coalitions with other organizations, including other NGOs, MNCs, and governments; 3) codes are devised...
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...fail / Clayton M. Christensen. p. cm. — (The management of innovation and change series) Includes index. ISBN 0-87584-585-1 (alk. paper) 1. Creative ability in business. 2. Industrial management. 3. Customer services. 4. Success in business. I. Title. II. Series. HD53.C49 1997 658—DC20 96-10894 CIP ISBN 0-87584-585-1 (Microsoft Reader edition) 3 Contents In Gratitude Introduction PART ONE: WHY GREAT COMPANIES CAN FAIL 1 How Can Great Firms Fail? Insights from the Hard Disk Drive Industry 2 Value Networks and the Impetus to Innovate 3 Disruptive Technological Change in the Mechanical Excavator Industry 4 What Goes Up, Can’t Go Down PART TWO: MANAGING DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE 5 Give Responsibility for Disruptive Technologies to Organizations Whose Customers Need Them 6 Match the Size of the Organization to the Size of the Market 7 Discovering New and Emerging Markets 8 How to Appraise Your Organization’s Capabilities and Disabilities 9 Performance Provided, Market Demand, and the Product Life Cycle 10 Managing Disruptive Technological Change: A Case Study 11 The Dilemmas of Innovation: A Summary The Innovator’s Dilemma Book Group Guide About the Author 4 In Gratitude Although this book lists only one author, in reality the ideas it molds together were contributed and refined by many extraordinarily insightful and selfless colleagues. The work began when Professors Kim Clark,...
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