...M king spread a iddle E ast, an cross d Euro pe. Of all the writing materials mankind has employed down through the ages, paper has become the most widely used around the world. Paper has a long history stretching back to ancient Egypt in the third millennium BC. The word ‘paper’ is derived from papyrus, a plant that was once abundant in Egypt. Paper as we know it traces its roots back to China at the beginning of the first millennium AD. Originally intended purely for writing and printing purposes, a dazzling array of paper products are available to today’s consumer. Primari ly as raw rags were u s m de-fibre aterial and ed la d bam boo. ter A num be develo r of types w pe ere coated d, such as siz and dy ed pap ed, er. Use o power f water to machin A stam ery. to prod ping mill wa s uce pu lp more developed efficie ntly. Export o techniq f the paperm a u of imp e to Europe king rovem ents to and a series the pro cess. 14th ce ntury 16th ce ntury The ad vantag paperm 19th ce ntury More m achin es were invente d leadin and improv g to in crease ed produc d ti for ins on speed, ta cylinde nce the r mach ines. es aking s of mill-base d pread throug hout E u rope. The Ara b paste s coated pa th p propert at gave pape er with starc h r ies an d a fin good writin g e appe arance . Wood be materi came the m al a thanks for paper m in raw ak to the wo the inventi ing, on of od-grin ding m achine . More p a create per is d better thanks to machin ery...
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...call Wang Xiangling ( Sias U niversit y Xinzheng ・Henan 451150) Abstract This paper analyzes t he t heme of The Call of t he Wild f ro m human’s living , working and feeling per spectives , which reveals t he relatio nship between animal world and human societ y. The animal world is act ually a reflectio n of human societ y ; t hey are similar to each ot her ; what exist s in t he fo rmer act ually al so exist s in t he lat ter. Key words animal humanit y reflectio n 中图分类号 :J 90 文献标识码 :A 文章编号 :1002 - 9788 ( 2005) 08 - 173 - 02 The Call of t he Wild , is o ne of J ack London mo st pop2 ’s ular novels. It apparently is a dog’s story. In t he deep part , Lo ndo n makes a reflection of t he real human life t hrough Buck life. He t reat s animals like human beings and human ’s beings like animals , recognizing no essential difference be2 tween man and animal. J ack London uncanny understanding ’s of animal and human nat ures give t his novel a st riking vitality and power. After reading it , people co uld not help pondering over his own life and t hinking about what is t he real meaning of human nat ure t hat always reso unds in t he inner heart like t he call f rom t he wild appealing Buck to ret urn to it s arms. Buck story in fact is a human’s life story. Some interesting ’s comparisons will show how amazingly similar t hese tow worlds are , and so me inspirations can be drawn f rom t his al2 legoric sto ry. 1 People can...
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...alysis of Bala ed “ o e a d as a pe fo TABLE OF CONTENTS a e easu e e t tool: a o e ie of its usage a d sustai a ility TOPICS PAGE i ii iii iv-v LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL DECLARATOIN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study 1.2 Objective of the study 1.3 Scope of the study 1.4 Methodology 1.5 Limitations of the study BALANCED SCORECARD 2.1 Overview of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) 2.2 Objective 2.3 Design 2.4 Original design method 2.5 Improved design method 2.6 Popularity 2.7 Variants and alternatives CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON THE CONCEPT & USING OF BALANCED SCORECARD WHETHER IT IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLUTION FOR THE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT? 3.1 Crucial investigation of the concept and using of Balanced Scorecard 3.2 A comprehensive new approach for the measurement and management 3.3 Is the Balanced Scorecard a universal key to the business management? 3.4 Balanced Scorecard: a question of conjecture and application CHAPTER FOUR: THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE BALANCED SCORECARD 4.1 The Balanced Scorecard: an instrument for sustainability management 4.2 Different possible approaches of integrating environmental and social aspects 4.3 The process of formulating a sustainability Balances Scorecard 4-7 5 5 5 6 7 8-15 9-11 12 12-13 13 14 14 14-15 16-25 CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER THREE 17-21 21-22 22-23 23-25 26-32 CHAPTER FOUR 27-28 28-30 31-32 1 A iti al a alysis of Bala ed “ o e a d as a pe fo a e easu e e t tool: a o e ie...
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...STRAYER UNIVERSITY THE SHELL OIL COMPANY: FUEL OIL CARGO TRANSPORTATION COST MINIMIZATION A TERM PAPER SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR FARAMARZ FATHNEZHAD, PH.D. QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR BUSINESS MAT540 007016 WINTER 2006 BY ALPHARD VICTOR T. ROMERO ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA MARCH 2006 Contents Chapter 1. Introduction…………………..…...…………..……………………..………..2 2. The Case Of Shell Oil Company……………………………….…...……..….3 3. The Case Figures And Calculations.……….…………………….….......….…5 4. Conclusions……………………….…….…………………………..…………9 Bibliography…..………………………………….…………….………………………..10 -1- CHAPTER 1 - Introduction In today’s competitive global business environment, more and more business organizations have realized that the creativity and ingenuity needed to develop new products, provide better services, grow market share, and maintain a competitive advantage can best come through an effective practice of management science (Strohmeier n.d.). One of the known and established firms who have practiced and maximize the use of the management science application is the Shell Oil Company. The Shell Oil Company is an affiliate company of the petroleum-chemical giant firm Shell Group, a global firm that operates in more than 140 countries and territories worldwide and spans its operations in different subsidiaries and divisions. The Shell Oil Company, with its corporate office headquartered in Houston, Texas, is one of the leading oil and gas producer...
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...Assignment NAME – SHILA GOPINATH BONSODE ROLL NO-19 PRAGRAMME- SLNG M.A 1st year PAPER NAME - "The Centrality of Education," in An Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradictions, Allen Lane, pp. 107-142. course name – Indias development Experiance couorse cordinator – DR. Niladri Sir 2014-15 THE CENTRALITY OF EDUCATION INTRODUCTION :- In a powerful diagnosis, Rabindranath Tagore said: 'in my view the imposing tower of misery which today rests on the heart of India has its sole foundation in the absence of education'.The remark is some what extreme, in separating out just one factor among many problems that India faces.And yet tagore offers a judgement that is deeply insightful. The role of basic education in the process of development and social progress is very wide and...
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...Tomlinson \ ■L& 11 * . ; P O W E R E D BY C O B U I L D ■ t; j ju B P H Contents Unit 1 O 2 Topic Grammar focus Holidays and travel Free time Exam Page number Grammar practice Sub-skill Simple tenses Present sim ple, past sim ple and present perfect Speaking Part 1 W riting Task 2 6 Continuous tenses Past continuous, present continuous, present perfect W riting Task 1 Reading 10 continuous 3 Fame Past N arrative tenses: past perfect and used to/would Reading Listening Section 2 14 Education Future 1 Witt and going to Listening Section 1 Speaking Part 3 18 The Internet Future 2 Present continuous fo r future and future perfect Listening Section 2 Reading 22 The family Word order and punctuation Subject + verb + object and punctuation W riting Task 2 Speaking Part 2 26 7 The environment Subject/verb agreem ent S ingular + p lu ra l nouns/verbs and determ iners Reading W riting Task 1 30 8 Food Countable/ uncountable nouns Countable and uncountable nouns Speaking Part 2 Listening Section 1 34 9 Employment and finance A rticles Using a, the or no article W riting Task 1 Reading 38 10 Youth Linking words and signposting Giving additional, opposite, contrasting inform ation Reading Listening Section 4 42 ...
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...already contained within the dominant ideology. Therefore, the use of alienation effect, theatricality of the play and Fo's position as a playwright licensing him to write subversive plays reminds the audience that this is not possible in the real world and is just the part of the theatre. In short, the absurdity and it's representation along with the specificity of context create a possibility for the play to be seen simply as a piece of art reflecting on protest more than as an act of protest in...
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...Lecturer: * Dr. J.S. Small * Dr. M.A.H. Groen Team Number: 1 Name: Michaelain Trimon ANR: 893225 Number of Words: 5701 Date: April 24th, 2014 Course: Sustainable Entrepreneurship 2013-2014 Lecturer: * Dr. J.S. Small * Dr. M.A.H. Groen Team Number: 1 Name: Michaelain Trimon ANR: 893225 Number of Words: 5701 Date: April 24th, 2014 Course: Sustainable Entrepreneurship 2013-2014 “On our way to Sustainable Green Printing” “On our way to Sustainable Green Printing” Preface This assignment is about a case study, which means the description of a situation regarding the development of a sustainable business. The case tells a story of how this particular business ended up where it is today. The context of this assignment will give a description of a situation regarding the development of a sustainable business. This case tells the story of how “Andi Druk” started evolving in sustainability and how the company is doing nowadays. Below I will describe the relevant information about the sustainable company. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Section 1: Industry Background 5 1.1 Printing Industry background 5 1.2 Innovation in the printing industry 6 1.4 Government Regulation 7 1.5 Firm size 8 1.6 Trends 8 1.7 Sustainability in the printing industry 9 1.7.1 Cradle- to-cradle and fully sustainable 10 1.8 Opportunities and Challenges for the Sustainability Printing industry 12 1.8.1 Opportunities 12 ...
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...Yokohama City, 240-8501, Japan Received 18 August 2004; received in revised form 1 May 2006; accepted 25 November 2006 Abstract This paper documents how productivity varies with globalization modes, based on a firm-level data set covering all manufacturing industries in Japan without any firm-size threshold. Only a small fraction of firms outsource, export, or invest abroad. Foreign outsourcers and exporters tend to be less productive than the firms active in FDI or in multiple globalization modes but more productive than domestic firms. This productivity ordering is robust even when firm size, factor intensity, and/or industry are controlled for. This paper also finds that outsourcers are on average less capital intensive than other globalized firms. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Foreign outsourcing; Exporting; FDI; Heterogeneity; Firm-level data; Productivity JEL classification: F12; F23; D20; F14 1. Introduction Cross-border business activities in various forms have been facilitated by trade liberalization and the development of information technology. The globalization of firms is by no means universally observed, however. Even within industrialized countries, the vast majority of firms sell all their output to domestic consumers, have no affiliates overseas, and outsource exclusively to domestic suppliers. This paper uses firm-level data to document the extent to which firms engage in global activities and to evaluate how productivity varies with...
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...Jet Transport Systems AS 411 FMS Paper Jooney Jung, November 20, 2014 Throughout history humans have been traveling from one place to another. Whether it was for exploration, transportation, or vacation; the ways of travel has always been quickly advancing with technology. While cars, trains and boats have played an important role, the invention of flight has revolutionized the world of transportation. One of the most significant factor to be successful in flying is air navigation. This includes proper flight planning, being able to read the flight instruments to allow the pilot to fly from one destination to another without getting lost, breaking laws, and keeping everybody on board safe. During the beginning age of flights, “the pilots solely used their own senses to guide them, giving rise to the phrase ‘flying by the seat of your own pants’” (RAAF Museum, 2014). In 1929, James Doolittle proved the feasibility of instrument guided flying when he took off and landed entirely on instruments (info please, 2014). Early navigating consisted of a set of six essential flight instruments which includes: altimeter, airspeed indicator, turn and bank indicator, vertical speed indicator, artificial horizon, directional gyro/ heading indicator. In 1937 the British Royal Air Force chose this set of sex essential flight instruments which would remain the standard panel for the next 20 years (Flight Global, 2014). It was not until the late 1970’s where Honeywell pursued a new mission...
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...Rodemann Econ Tuesday and Thursday 2nd 12 Febuary 2012 The Catch Up During the month of September italys government sold a slug of five year old paper at one of its usual bond auctions. there was hardly enough demand for the bonds to meet supply even we a steep interest rate. contrast that with the sale in august of 20 billion yuans, which is 20 billion in us dollars, of paper by China in hong Kong;s fledgling offshore market. the yield was miserly yet there were bonds for sale. This tale of two bonds auctions is a parable for the contrasting fortunes of near stagnant rich economies and fast growing emerging markets. twenty of the 82 econmics covered in the back pages of the Economist grew by 3% or more in the year to the latest quarter. only two, of these, Austria and Sweden, are from the traditional group of rich ones, such as Taiwan and Hong Kong. The IMF's the latest forecast is that emerging economies will grow by more than 6% in 2011 and 2012. But growth in the rich world is likely to be below 2%. The other half lives is the rotters economic news over that summer and depending euro-zones mess mean it is easy to forget that countries that now account for half the worlds output and most of its population are doing rather well. that is the focus of my special report on the world economy. But it is equally easy and unwise to think that cupid and trouble-free growth in the emerging economics is assured for years to come. It...
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...chain has in the past decade been highly exposed to demand factors and forces in export and domestic market segments. These have had a profound effect on the returns to the overall industry and the nature of competition through the chain. The most marked of these changes has been in the domestic consumer product sector. Since the early 1980s the industry progressively removed internal support and regulation of prices and supply, and focused on taking advantage of low-cost production conditions to become a major player in the world market for dairy commodities and dispose of larger volumes of product. The final phase of that deregulation – of pricing and supply of milk to the packaged milk sector which directly affected less than a fifth of national milk output – is a relatively recent event. Considerable adjustment is still occurring in parts of the production and processing sector today. P r i c e D e t e r m i n a t i o n i n t h e A u s t ra l i a n Fo o d I n d u s t r y A Re p o r t The industry’s product and market mix The chart...
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...TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN SMALL AUDIT FIRMS IN NIGERIA CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Total quality management (TQM) practices in small audit firms have had accounting antecedence. The concept can be traced back to early 1920 production control idea notably, the concept developed in the late 1940’s and 1950’s, pioneered by American Feigenbaum, Deming and Juran. The concept total quality management (QTM) has many definitions. The gurus of total quality management discipline like Deming, Juran, Crosby, Ishikawa and Feigenbaum defined the concept in different ways, but still the essence and spirit remained the same. According to Deming, quality is a continuous improvement process towards predictable degree of uniformity and dependability. He identified fourteen principles of quality management to improve productivity and performance of an organization. Juran defined quality as “fitness for use”. According to him, every person in an organization must be involved in the effort to make products or services that are fit for use. Crosbly defines quality as conformance to requirement. His focus was on zero defects and doing it right the first time. Ishikawa also emphasized importance of total quality control to improve organizational performance. According to him, quality does not only mean the quality of products but also of after sale services, quality of managing the company itself and the human life. Feigenbaum defined total quality management...
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...weStJet mini case a great guest experience As the filled-to-capacity Boeing 737 taxis to the ramp at Maui’s Kahului Airport, 200 weary travellers are brought back to life by the a capella stylings of the lead flight attendant’s playful rendition of “Over the Rainbow.” Customers, or “guests” as WestJet prefers to call them, quickly realize that they are now part of another unique WestJet moment. They chuckle as the WestJetter cleverly integrates local time, temperature, and gate information into the lyrics, but he earns genuine LOLs when he works in the verse, “flying to Hawaii is free when you’re a WestJet employee.” Thus, despite being awake since 4:30 a.m., boarding a plane in Calgary in the dead of a prairie winter, and enduring a seven-hour flight with two young children who refused to sleep, these “guests” are ready to embrace the magic of Maui. The travellers may never know the reason for the improv performance, but maybe it was just another example of what the advertisements have been telling us for the better part of a decade: “Owners care,” a slogan communicating how the airline’s employee stock option package motivates participating WestJetters to go just a little bit further to please. WestJet’s philosophy of creating customer value is not based in its industry-leading turnaround times, modern fleet of planes, or even its competitively priced fares. Customer value stems from the core of a corporate culture, something only achievable when your people are engaged...
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...IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Business Management (IMPACT: IJRBM) ISSN(E): 2321-886X; ISSN(P): 2347-4572 Vol. 2, Issue 9, Sep 2014, 107-122 © Impact Journals THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON EMPLOYEES PRODUCTIVITY: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERY, PLC IGBAEKEMEN GODDY OSA1 & IDOWU OLUWAFEMI AMOS2 1,2 Department of Sociology, Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil, Kano, Nigeria ABSTRACT The need for this study arose from the acknowledgement of organizational commitment on employee productivity as the most critical in all organizational analyses, and the determinant often found between goals of the organizational all the needs of employee within it, therefore, necessary to empirically study how the impact of organizational commitment on employee are coping with the challenges of employee productivity. The presence of organizational commitment to employees can be used to gain employees support for organization and in turn maximize the benefits it receive from their employee with greater productivity and individual performance seems to increase in the same proportions. Organizational commitment and employee productivity issue are emerging as the most critical work force management challenges of the past, present and immediate future driven by, employee loyalty. Frontline manager, supervisions, a project leader, team captain or human resource manager actually has more power in an organization to reduce poor productivity, because the factors...
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