...The Affects of Paranoid Schizophrenia In the Brain Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that can cause people to lose touch with reality. Some people are convinced they hear or see things that are not there, which are hallucinations and these people become delusional. In Paranoid Schizophrenia, some people that become delusional develop persecution of person dignity. It is caused by a chemical reaction in the brain and some are not even sure of how people come about to have this disorder. The first signs of Paranoid Schizophrenia maybe begin to show anywhere between the ages of 15 to 35.There is no permanent cure for this disorder but there is medication that can be given to show less symptoms of it. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are given antipsychotic medication that reduces the symptoms and usually allows the patient to live a more functional normal life. There are many different types of schizophrenia the affect a vast majority of people that live around the world. There is more of a chance being diagnosed with schizophrenia than developing AIDS. Paranoid Schizophrenia is a disorder that inhabits many people, both males and females. People with this condition have constant feelings that they are being watched, followed or betrayed all the time. Many people with schizophrenia do decide to end their lives. There have been studies conducted that show this can be caused by genetics, psychological and social process, and early environment. Some patients may be given medication...
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...Overview/Background: Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) is a disorder that begins in early adulthood and if found more common in men than in women. PPD falls into a group known as “Cluster A” disorder which involve an erratic and odd way of thinking. People with PPD may also suffer from paranoia, leaving them with the feeling of distrust and suspicion of others; when there is no need to be suspicious. The exact cause of PPD is unknown but has the likelihood to be have a combination of both biological and psychological factors. The fact that PPD is more common with those who have close relatives with schizophrenia, this suggests there is a genetic link between the two disorders. It is also suspected that in early childhood experiences, physical and emotional trauma may play a role in the development of PPD. Symptoms of PPD: People with PPD are always on guard, believe that others are trying to demean, harm, or threaten them. Even though these beliefs are generally unfounded, along with the habits of blame and distrust, may lead to interference with their ability to form close relationships. People with this disorder: Doubt the commitment, loyalty, or trustworthiness of others, believing that they are using or deceiving them. Are reluctant to confide in others or reveal personal information due to a fear that the information will be used against them Are unforgiving and hold grudges Are hypersensitive and take criticism poorly Read hidden meanings in the innocent remarks...
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...Paranoid schizophrenia, what must the nurse assess? How do they go about assessing? Upon assessing, how will the nurse manage the outcomes of the assessment? These important questions are what this paper will resolve. Through review of recent literature into the assessment and management of individuals affected by paranoid schizophrenia, this paper will discuss in detail how the nurse goes about assessing the patient, why assessment is vital, common outcomes of the assessment and finally go into detail on how the nurse manages a patient with paranoid schizophrenia. Stein-Parbury (2009) discuss the importance of providing an environment without distractions for an assessment to occur in, as this enhances the ability of both the patient and nurse to listen and understand. This can assist with patients with paranoid schizophrenia, experiencing perceptual disturbances or delusions. It is also important to provide a space that is private, thus giving the patient a sense of safety in disclosing personal information. Snyderman and Rovner (2009) highlight the importance of using a Mental State Examination (MSE), to assess the patients’ mental state and to aid in diagnosing a patients’ mental illness through identifying a range of sections including thought form, content and mood. It also enables the treating team to formulate a plan individualised to the patients needs. The following areas should be assessed in a mental state examination (MSE). Appearance including the physical characteristics...
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...Paranoid Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder which is described as a collapse of thought process and poor emotional responsiveness. Schizophrenia contains several subtypes: paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual, post-schizophrenic, and simple schizophrenia. Some scholars distinguish even more sub-classifications of this illness (Bertelsen, 89). Paranoid schizophrenia is one of the most widespread schizophrenia types all over the world. Delusions and hallucinations are the key symptoms which make paranoid schizophrenia most divergent from other types of this kind of mental disorder. A delusion is a confidence detained with powerful belief, despite superior proof to the opposite. The most common delusion for paranoid schizophrenia is the sensation of being singled out for harm. There are also delusions of splendor, beliefs in being able to fly, or assurance to be famous. There is a steady holding up to these false thoughts, despite proofs on the contrary. Delusions can result in belligerence or aggression if it is a strict belief in the need to act in self-defense against anybody with harmful intentions (Bertelsen, 91). Hallucination is a sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind. It is usually caused by physical or mental disorders. Auditory hallucinations are more common for paranoid schizophrenia than visual ones. Auditory hallucination is the perception of sound nobody else can hear. In most cases a schizophrenic...
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...Psychological Disorder Paper – Paranoid Schizophrenia The DSM-IV defines paranoid schizophrenia as “a type of schizophrenia in which the following criteria are met: A. Preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations. B. None of the following is prominent: disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, or flat or inappropriate affect.” And that “delusions and auditory hallucinations predominate in patients with this subtype of Schizophrenia while their affective and cognitive functioning remain relatively intact.” Auditory hallucinations means a person will hear voices, and with paranoid schizophrenia, they generally will give a running critique or command the person to do things. Some other signs of paranoid schizophrenia are anxiety, anger, violence, arguments, and suicidal thoughts. (Mayo Clinic) The surgeon general’s website states that “the cause of schizophrenia has not yet been determined, although research points to the interaction of genetic endowment and major environmental upheaval during development of the brain.” There are a few common anatomical abnormalities in the brain in those with schizophrenia, however “Researchers believe that the dysfunctions are present in brain circuitry rather than in one or two localized areas of the brain” The movie I watched was The Soloist. In this movie, a reporter, Steve Lopez, comes across a homeless man playing the violin. The man is Nathaniel Ayer, and the reporter learns he went to...
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...I. Course Information Course Title: General Psychology Course Number: PSY 2012 Credit hours: 3 Instructor Name: Nicki Nance Office: Location: Onine Phone #: 352-302-7872 Virtual Office Hours: Wednesdays 9AM to 12 noon Fast Response Email: nikbud@earthlink.net Orientation Thu Jan 5, Bldg 4, (other emails checked only once daily ) 2PM Rm 103, 3PM Rm 205 (come to either) Extended Emergency Closure. “For emergency campus closings (natural disasters, etc.) call 352-291-4499 or 800-831-9244 or check our website www.cf.edu.” II. Course Description This course introduces the student to the study of behavior as a science, the design of experiments, statistical analysis of data, basic vocabulary, classical experiments, major contributors, and current trends in the discipline. Required Text: Feldman, R, Essentials of Understanding Psychology, 7th Edition or later. Extensive use of Supplemental materials: Internet resources III. Course Objectives At the successful completion of the course the student will be able to 1. Apply psychological concepts to everyday life 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically about human behavior 3. Describe the history and subfields of psychology 4. Identify and describe concepts associated with learning, sensation, emotions, and behavior 5. Apply the concepts of personality and development to themselves 6. Demonstrate a basic understanding...
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...Paranoid Schizophrenia Case: Daniel Paul Schreber Born on July 25, 1842, Daniel Schreber was known as a distinguished and renowned judge who suffered from psychosis when he was in his middle ages (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). The text describes Schreber’s obsessed thoughts as having sex as a female were the beginnings of his psychotic episodes. For Schreber, this contained a lot of frightening and unfamiliar imagery and considered it to be an outside source that compelled him to think this way as opposed to coming from himself; from within. Thinking irrationally, he suspected that his doctors were somehow implanting these thoughts in his brain with the use of hypnosis and telepathy (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). After some additional thinking, Schreber began to believe that his thoughts were instilled within him by God and that is was God’s decision to make him a woman. Although he figured this was beyond human ability and deemed as “miraculous” it still tormented him (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). The text describes Schreber’s case as containing many different personality disorders, or abnormal disorders, such as anxiety and mood disorders. Freud described Schreber’s primary symptoms as paranoid schizophrenia as well as psychosis in nature. Freud came to the conclusion that Schreber’s thoughts and delusions were brought on upon by his rejection and denial of his homosexuality (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). Other psychologist at the time believed that homosexuality...
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...This essay will focus on paranoid schizophrenia as a mental disorder and its various causes that include social withdrawal; cognitive dysfunction, genetics, psychological and biological considerations. It will briefly analyse the stress vulnerability model and the criteria for schizophrenic diagnosis used primarily to test the symptom of schizophrenia by physicians. During the demonstration of this topic the epidemiology, prevalence and prognosis will be discussed as well as the concepts of recovery and prevention. In addition, this essay will examine communication and professionalism together with the treatment and intervention process. The essay will discussed the use of drugs in treating or managing the condition and the effects upon the...
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...I have always been sure of myself. Since I was a young child my parents instilled in my brother and I that we always are sure of whom we are and be confident in that as well. Knowing that I was taught to always be sure of myself, I developed a sense of confidence about my self. Something like an aura, when I would walk into a room. With that sense of pride there also came a sense of entitlement. I felt as though I was very special and that I should be praised for the things I did growing up because I was so original and so unique. I remember in pre-school I got an award at our graduation for being the bossiest person in the classroom. Some people would have been offended by that, however, I was so proud that I got that award. Even today, when someone says I’m bossy I should be offended but often times I’m not because I have accepted the fact that it is who I am regardless if I like it or not. So after that introduction it should be no surprise that Narcissistic Personality Disorder was the highest rank personality disorder that I ranked for. Understanding that I narcissism is something that could easily be seen in me it is almost a most that I keep myself in check, meaning I maintain my humility while in therapy. Not to think too highly of myself and ensure that I will continue to have empathy and sympathy towards to clients that I will see in therapy. However there are some pros and cons to having a tad bit NPD. I could easily become a role model because I think high of myself...
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...REPORT OUTLINE: MELANIE KLEIN – OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY: BIOGRAPHY: 1. Melanie Reizes Klein was born March 30, 1882 in Vienna, Austria 2. Youngest of four children born to Dr. Moris Reizes and his second wife Libussa Deutsch Reizes. 3. She believed that her birth was unplanned- a belief that led to feelings of being rejected by her parents. She felt especially distant to her father who favored his oldest daughter, Emilie, 4. During her childhood, she observed her parents working at jobs they did not enjoy. 5. Klein’s early relationships were either unhealthy or ended in tragedy. 6. She felt neglected by her elderly father whom she saw as cold and distant, although she loved and idolized her mother, she felt suffocated by her. 7. Her older sister Sidonie died, she felt devastated and in later years, she confessed that she never got over grieving for Sidonie. 8. After death, she became deeply attached to her brother Emmanuel-teaching her arithmetic 9. She idolized her brother, and this infatuation may have contributed to her later difficulties in relating to men. 10. At age 18, her father died, after 2years, her brother died. 11. When still mourning for her brother’s death, he married Arthur Klein, an engineer –close friend of Emmanuel. 12. She believed that her marriage at 21 prevented her from becoming a physician, and for the rest of her life, she regretted that she had not reached that goal. 13. UNFORTUNATELY...
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...REPORT OUTLINE: MELANIE KLEIN – OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY: BIOGRAPHY: 1. Melanie Reizes Klein was born March 30, 1882 in Vienna, Austria 2. Youngest of four children born to Dr. Moris Reizes and his second wife Libussa Deutsch Reizes. 3. She believed that her birth was unplanned- a belief that led to feelings of being rejected by her parents. She felt especially distant to her father who favored his oldest daughter, Emilie, 4. During her childhood, she observed her parents working at jobs they did not enjoy. 5. Klein’s early relationships were either unhealthy or ended in tragedy. 6. She felt neglected by her elderly father whom she saw as cold and distant, although she loved and idolized her mother, she felt suffocated by her. 7. Her older sister Sidonie died, she felt devastated and in later years, she confessed that she never got over grieving for Sidonie. 8. After death, she became deeply attached to her brother Emmanuel-teaching her arithmetic 9. She idolized her brother, and this infatuation may have contributed to her later difficulties in relating to men. 10. At age 18, her father died, after 2years, her brother died. 11. When still mourning for her brother’s death, he married Arthur Klein, an engineer –close friend of Emmanuel. 12. She believed that her marriage at 21 prevented her from becoming a physician, and for the rest of her life, she regretted that she had not reached that goal. 13. UNFORTUNATELY...
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...1990). Long story short, these people are very paranoid about their surroundings and the people in their lives. Individuals with paranoid personality disorder have symptoms that include assuming others are out to harm them, take advantage of them, or humiliate them in some way, preemptively attack others who they feel threatened by, tendency to hold grudges, display pathological jealousy, their perception of the environment includes reading malevolent intentions into genuinely harmless, innocuous comments or behaviors, and their emotional life tends to be dominated by distrust and hostility (DSM-5: The Ten Personality Disorders: Cluster A. n.d.). Because of all of these symptoms, others perceive them as being argumentative, stubborn, defensive, and unwilling to compromise (Beck, A. T., & Freeman, A. 1990). This mental disorder is usually...
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...With direct reference to at least one film, how did Hollywood address the paranoid, hysterical political climate of the 50s? The Cold War began in 1947 between the USSR and the USA. After World War II, both countries began to distrust each other, as they knew the amount of power each country had in terms of nuclear weapons. Not only did they distrust each other, but they lacked a mutual understanding of each other’s culture. The USA believed in capitalism and the USSR believed in communism. This lack of mutual understanding caused mass paranoia within America as they feared that communists would infiltrate their society. This hysteria was known as the Red Scare which lead to “a range of actions that had a profound and enduring effect on U.S. government and society.” (Red Scare, 2013). During World War II “moviegoers learned to appreciate cinema for what it was: a powerful delivery system of ideology” (Doherty, 2003, p. 19) and after World War II “Soviet Communism and American Democracy, found its domestic expression in fierce debates over the subversive influence of the popular media.” (Doherty, 2003, p. 21). Hollywood was scrutinized first for allegedly using the film industry to influence the public about communism. The House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was formed in 1938, and it’s investigations were “frequently focused on exposing communists working inside the federal government or subversive elements working in the Hollywood film industry” (Red Scare...
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...surprising that the following Donnie Darko has earned through beautiful portrayal of a tormented soul is made up of mainly adolescents. In the film, Donnie is said to suffer from paranoid schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is defined as: a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental illness characterized by impairments in the perception or expression of reality, most commonly manifesting as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions or disorganized speech and thinking in the context of significant social or occupational dysfunction. Paranoid schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia. In Donnie Darko, many of the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia are obvious in Donnie and the events that happen are easy to believe are staged in the mind of an individual suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. Onset of Schizophrenia is usually late adolescence to early adulthood, and specifically in males most of the time schizophrenia appears in males in their late teenage years and early twenties; specifically 16 to 24. Thus, in Donnie Darko it is very reasonable in its portrayal of paranoid schizophrenia in young Donnie Darko. Although in the film fantasy plays a role which oftentimes overshadows the psychological aspect, Donnie’s behavior is typical of paranoid schizophrenics. Symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia in teenagers...
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...mental illness; however, diagnostic tools such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) reveal the variations of the psychiatric disorder. This essay will explore and focus on one specific subtype of the mental illness. Paranoid Schizophrenia. According to T.Davies and T.Craig (2009, p45), Paranoid Schizophrenia is one of the most common subtypes of the psychotic illness which affects the individuals variation of emotion, thinking and behaviour. Through extensive research, this essay will uncover the definition of paranoid schizophrenia, its manifestations and possible causes. Key issues such as symptoms, epidemiology, prevalence, co-morbidity, prognosis, treatment and interventions will also be critically reviewed and discussed. Lastly, this essay will also analyse guidelines, policies and regulations that influence interventions and the effects of paranoid schizophrenia on the individual, their families, carers and friends. There are various subtypes of schizophrenia such as undifferentiated, residual, simple, other and unspecified schizophrenia with the three most common being Paranoid, Hebephrenic and Catatonic Schizophrenia (C.Gamble and G.Brenan 2006, p100). Prior to the diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or its...
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