...The Parthenon Throughout my career in the United States Navy, I have been fortunate enough to be able to go to the Acropolis and observe the different structures. I was really intrigued with the design and condition of the Parthenon. The Parthenon is one of the largest and most important structure on the Acropolis. It was a temple built between 447 BC and 438 BC, for the virgin goddess, Athena Parthenos. The design illustrates the refinement of ancient Greek architecture, and uses the traditional cella and peristyle plan. During the high classical period, the standard was believed to be excellence. The Parthenon was built to set that standard of excellence. It was built with the finest white marble and was richly decorated inside to include a statue of Athena made of great gold and ivory. The design shows the style of art in classical period, with the Doric building with ionic features mixed in. The Parthenon has 8 columns along the front, and 17 along each side. That made it more than most Doric temples. The decoration of the Parthenon was organized into 3 elements. First was the pediment, then panels called metopes around the outer wall, and then the carved stone frieze that was on the outside of the inner building. Some of the architecture in the Parthenon is similar to that of surrounding buildings. The curvature of the stylobate platform, the plate that the column sits on, is designed the same way. The plate has an upward curvature to assist...
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...Final Essay History of Architecture I Pertinent Events of the Antiquities One of the most pertinent events of the antiquities came after the end of the longest civilizations. Where the Greeks had to reinvent themselves; from the surviving fragments of classical antiquity; Egypt. Where the Romans preserved and imitated the ideals of the Greeks. Thus came the building of two great structures. The Greek Parthenon and the Roman Pantheon. With their similarities and their differences in both designs. Both the Parthenon and Pantheon were originally designed as temples. The Pantheon borrowed much of its exterior from the Greek temples one of them being the Parthenon. Both had eight columns to support the pediment. Both were used as religious worship to their Roman Gods and the Greek Goddess Athena. While both illustrate geometric precision, they are stylistically different. The Parthenon is a Doric style temple made from marble, with a limestone base. Consisting of one rectangular floor and its eight Doric columns in front and back. The Doric wasn’t only a column but a order. The Doric order with a series of triglphs and metopes on the entabutus of the upper levels. While the Pantheon was built using several materials such as marble, granite, concrete, and brick had two circular rooms with a hemispherical dome above, supported by massive granite Corinthian style columns. Thus the two most important great pertinent events during the classical era were the Romans and the...
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...Humanities 1101 16 September 2014 Sculpture and Architecture Essay We are often told that it is not good for us to live in the past; however, it is impossible for us to ignore the origins of our culture. Greek artist and architects are renowned worldwide, and the reasoning for that is perfectly clear. When a civilization considers themselves to be culturally advanced they seem to make strides in the arts. The Greek world is a classic example of this fact, whether we examine their sculptures, relief artwork or their architecture it is clear to see that their work was both trend setting and timeless. One of the earliest Greek statues found is the “Figurine of a woman from Cyclades. Ca. 2500 BCE” page 41 of the textbook (Sayre). This statue was found in what is called the Cyclades, a group of islands located in the Aegean Sea. The medium for the statue is marble and it is considered to be the most famous of the artifacts found. The reason for its fame is the abstract style that was used to create it. These figures have been found within burial chambers but their actual purpose still remains unknown (Sayre). In contrast to the sculpture from the Cyclades, the Greek sculptures continued to evolve and eventually took on what is called a Naturalistic form. This style developed in the sixth century and featured sculptures without clothing as seen in the above representation of the goddess Aphrodite...
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...Comparison 1 The image on the left is of ‘The Parthenon, Acropolis’, a Pantelic marble structure, dating between 447 and 432 BCE, Ancient Greece. The original building on the site was built as an offering in honor of the Greek goddess Athena built in 490 BCE but destroyed in the Persian invasion of 480BCE. However in 447 BCE, Perikles commissioned a much grander and larger temple to be built over the existing foundation. The image to the right is of the ‘Hagia Sophia’, dated between 532-537, Byzantine Period. In a similar way to the Parthenon the Hagia Sophia was built over an existing fourth-century church that had been destroyed during the Nika Revolt in 532. An apparent similarity between both the places of prayer is that they were both aesthetically magnificent and groundbreaking works of art at the time, and are respectively one of the greatest examples of Greek and Byzantine architecture at it’s best. The building of the Parthenon required extraordinary skills of all forms -mathematical, mechanical, architectural, sculptural, and the culmination of this skill resulted in a beautifully harmonious monument. The Hagia Sophia was also planned and developed by the best scholar-theoreticians of the time who managed to...
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...Gino Settecasi GREEK DBQ ESSAY 12/16/12 1. Socrates was an ancient Greek stonemason and legendary philosopher, he also was one very outspoken critic of Sophists. In the quote, “The unexamined life is not worth living” Socrates meant that in other words, if you do not stand for something in life, you may as well just be wasting a life. 2. Aristotle was the most famous student of the great Greek philosopher Plato. Aristotle was also a Greek philosopher who developed his own ideas about government. He was extremely specific about democracy which he felt would lead to mob rule. He also felt that human reason is the most godlike part of human nature 3. In this document, Pericles is describing the complex government know as democracy. He had expectations for citizens in this type of government. For example, an expectation was that he wanted people, no matter what social class, to speak up for their political decisions no matter what the social scale. 4. Hippocrates was a Greek physician who studied the causes of illness as well as looked for cures. The Hippocratic oath states that he was promising to not give any harmful or deadly medicines to his patients. He also promises to not advise people to get any deadly nor harmful medicines. 5. Euclid was a highly-known famous Greek mathematician, he was also referred to as “The Father of Geometry”. He is best known for his work titled Elements, a thirteen-volume textbook on the principles...
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...The people of ancient Greece lived nearly 4,000 years ago. Yet even today, their culture impacts our lives! We received many gifts from the ancient Greeks. Ancient Greek Inventions are in fact the original concepts of some of our most well known products, to this day. Those original concepts have just taken on a more modern form. OLYMPICS: The first Olympics games are usually given the start year of 776 BCE, but they probably began even sooner. The ancient Greeks loved competitions of all sorts, especially sporting competitions. The Olympics were not the onlycompetition games held in ancient Greece, but they were the most popular. The Greeks took the Olympic games quite seriously. Nearly all the ancient Greek cities sent teams to participate in the ancient Greek Olympics. If two or more Greek city-states happen to be at war with each other when the game date arrived, war was halted for the duration of the games. Everyone wanted their city-state to win! Sciences Greece has importantly influenced the Western science in many ways. The Ancient Greeks especially contributed many things to the scientific world, from medicine to astronomy. The most famous ancient Greek scientists and their work are briefly described below. Thales of Miletus (640-610 to ca 548-545 BC) had travelled widely in quest of knowledge, visiting Crete, Phoenicia, and Egypt. Ηe brought Phoenician navigational techniques into Miletus. Thales is also said to have tried to revise the calendar. He also...
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...Unit 1 IP Introduction to Humanities HUMA215-1101B-08 Topics in Cultural Studies Terry Meeks American Intercontinental University Instructor: J. Anderson March 27, 2011 Abstract Many ancient cultures existed throughout time but none as popular as ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Although Rome eventually became powerful and ruled over Greece, much of Roman art, architecture, and religion were adopted from the cultures they conquered and were adapted to meet the needs of the Roman Empire. Much of the Roman society mocked that of ancient Greece. | ANCIENT GREEK CULTURE | ANCIENT ROMAN CULTURE | GEOGRAPHY AND GOVERNMENT | Athens was the center of the Greek world in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. Athens was the capital of Greece and its name was taken from the Greek goddess Athena. Athens was symbolic of art, freedom, and democracy (the prevailing government of ancient Greece introduced around 500 BCE by an aristocrat). Athens was just one of over 800 city states that made up ancient Greece. Several city states (comparable to a modern county) were isolated from each other and the mainland as they were located on islands that made up the fractured geography of ancient Greece. These islands were located in the Aegean Sea and reached around the Mediterranean to peninsula of Italy and to the shores of Asia Minor. Each city state considered itself a cultural center. City states of ancient Greece were very independent however they remained loyal to Greece...
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...Ancient Art History Essay Ancient Greece, Rome, Etruscan Art 8/30/2012 Art 101A, World Art Garrett Stokes Garrett Stokes Art 101A, World Art Abbas Daneshvari 8/30/12 Ancient Art History Art history has been a vital part of the modern human experience. For thousands of years, the first painters and sculptors have given us the first displays that allowed people to see and touch tangible artwork. The artwork has also captured the history and lifestyle of that time. Art History has also expressed its social and political events that happened during that time. This gives the present person a good understand on what events took place during that era. Some of the most prominent artwork of the western civilization is Greek, Etruscan and Roman art. That historical artwork has paved the way for modern art to have a place in art history world. I will compare and contrast the Greek, Etruscan and Roman characteristic and traits of its historical artwork. During the Geometric and Orientalizing art in the 900-600 BCE, the human shape returned to Greek art in the structure of bronze statuettes and simple silhouettes and other motifs on Geometric vases. One art example is the Dipylon krater, Athens, ca 740 BCE. During the Archaic Art, 600-480 BCE the earliest real-life stone statues appeared in Greece. The first Greek kouroi copied the frontal poses of early Egyptian statues, however designed the young men nude the same way that the men competed in the Ancient Olympics. In the...
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...Compare and contrast essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece The ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek civilizations are two of the oldest known civilizations in our history. The Egyptian civilization, based in the eastern part of North Africa, is believed to have started around 3150 BC and continued till the end of the Pharaoh rule in 31 BC. The ancient Greek civilization is believed to have been in effect from 1100 BC till about 146 BC. Many similarities and differences existed between these two civilizations, as even though they co-existed during a certain timeframe (1150 BC to 146 BC), they were located in different geographical areas. Because of these differences in geography, both these civilizations were subjected to different kinds of exposure, which included contact with other civilization and cultural inheritance. In the political sphere, we find that the Egyptian civilization had stronger emphasis on central authority, while the Greeks had a more decentralized structure, where powers were distributed over the cities and the states as well. As far as art is concerned, we find that the Egyptians were more involved in creating great monumental and gaudy structures, while the Greeks were more involved in creating smaller, more literary pieces of art. One of the biggest reasons why these two civilizations had these differences is due to their geography. The Egyptians had easy access to large stones that they could bring in to their country and use them to erect such monumental...
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...Division of Fine Arts, Speech and Commercial Music Northwest College ARTS 1303 – Art History I CRN 42838 – Spring 2015 SPBR Campus - Room 602 / 8:00-9:30am / T,R Credit:3 / 3 hour lecture course / 48 hours per semester Course length : 16 weeks/ Type of Instruction Traditional (Face-to-Face) Instructor: David Swaim Instructor Contact Information: Email: david.swaim@hccs.edu Phone: (713) 718-5674 Due to changes in the state core curriculum this syllabus is subject to change!!!! Office location and hours SPBR room AD4 hours: 7:15-8:00 am and as per class discussion Please feel free to contact me concerning any problems that you are experiencing in this course. You do not need to wait until you have difficulties or have received a poor grade before asking for my assistance. Your performance in my class is very important to me. I am available to hear your concerns and just to discuss course topics. Feel free to come by my office anytime during these hours. Course Description This course is a global investigation of the styles and methods of artistic production covering Prehistoric through Gothic periods. Media studied include: drawing, painting, sculpture, architecture, printmaking, textiles, ceramics, and metal arts. Using this framework, universal themes are studied within their historical, political, economic, theological, sociological, and ethnic contexts. Prerequisites Must be placed into college-level reading and college-level writing Academic...
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...Austen publishes Sense and Sensibility Fashionable women reject tight corsets and petticoats 1812 Mar Publication of first 2 cantos of Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage causes sensation: "I woke one morning and found myself famous" autumn Countess Lieven, wife of russian ambasador, introduces waltz to London 1813 Jane Austen publishes Pride and Prejudice Smooth-wheeled steam locomotive Puffing Billy, ivented by William Hedley 1814 Dulwich Picture Galler open to publi 1 day a week, England's first public art gallery Sir Walter Scott publishes Waverley, his first novel 1815 June 18 Wellington and Blucher defeat Napoleon at battle of Waterloo Sir Humphrey Davey invents miner's safety lamp 1816 British Museum purchases Parthenon Marbles from Lord...
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...GMAT GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION TEST McGraw-Hill’s 2008 Edition James Hasik Stacey Rudnick Ryan Hackney New York | Chicago | San Francisco | Lisbon London | Madrid | Mexico City | Milan | New Delhi San Juan | Seoul | Singapore | Sydney | Toronto Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-151120-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-149340-9. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights...
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...HUM 1000: WORLD CIVILIZATIONS NOTES BY DR. KAKAI P.W THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA Definition of key terms As we begin this course, it is crucial to first discuss our understanding of the concept ‘civilization’. This is a comparative term which is usually applied in comparison to such words as ‘barbarian’ ‘savage’ and ‘primitive’. In classical antiquity the Europeans used the word ‘barbarian’ to refer to a foreigner who was regarded as inferior (Ogutu and Kenyanchui, An Introduction To African History, 1991 p33). Do you think this is still the way we use the word barbarian? The Latin speakers referred to hunters, food-gatherers as savage. In the 17th century this term ‘savage’ referred to a person without art, literacy, or society who lived in fear of existence and death. ‘Primitive’ on the other hand, in Latin meant ‘the first or original’. Europeans used these words interchangeably when referring to non-Europeans while the word civilization was preserved to describe historical developments of European people (ibid). Now the term civilization is no longer confined to the above development but also extends reference to non-European communities. Attributes of civilization includes observance to law, belonging to an organized society, having a society of literate people with advanced developments in urbanization, agriculture, commerce, arts and technology. The French thinkers of the 18th century referred to a person of the arts and literature...
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...A ROOM OF ONES OWN [* This essay is based upon two papers read to the Arts Society at Newnharn and the Odtaa at Girton in October 1928. The papers were too long to be read in full, and have since been altered and expanded.] ONE But, you may say, we asked you to speak about women and fiction--what, has that got to do with a room of one's own? I will try to explain. When you asked me to speak about women and fiction I sat down on the banks of a river and began to wonder what the words meant. They might mean simply a few remarks about Fanny Burney; a few more about Jane Austen; a tribute to the Brontës and a sketch of Haworth Parsonage under snow; some witticisms if possible about Miss Mitford; a respectful allusion to George Eliot; a reference to Mrs Gaskell and one would have done. But at second sight the words seemed not so simple. The title women and fiction might mean, and you may have meant it to mean, women and what they are like, or it might mean women and the fiction that they write; or it might mean women and the fiction that is written about them, or it might mean that somehow all three are inextricably mixed together and you want me to consider them in that light. But when I began to consider the subject in this last way, which seemed the most interesting, I soon saw that it had one fatal drawback. I should never be able to come to a conclusion. I should never be able to fulfil what is, I understand, the first duty of a lecturer to hand you after an hour's discourse a...
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