...information related to the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) process, patients’ outcome, and characteristics of both the patients and the hospitals. The purpose of the registry data is to provide information that can be used to improve the outcomes of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) patients and to update the protocol for CPR. Unfortunately, we do not have a similar national or...
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...Diabetes Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors and Treatments Diabetes is a disease in which the patient suffers from high level of sugar in the blood. It is a chronic disease which can be a lifelong disease. Diabetes is of two types viz. Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. People from any age can get affected with type 1 diabetes. It is more diagnosed in children, teenagers and young adults. Cause of type 1 diabetes is not known yet. In type 1 diabetes, body makes no or little insulin. In this medical condition, daily injections of insulin are required by the patients. It occurs for a shorter period of time. In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes mostly occurs in adulthood. In this condition, patients are not aware that they are affected...
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...The rhythm disturbances were also maximum in this age group. The minimum incidence of myocardial infarction was in the age group 20 to 29 years. The oldest patient was 85 year old male. The youngest patient was 23 year old male. Table: 4 Incidences of Rhythm Disturbances In patients With Various Risk Factors In Acute MI Risk Factors Patient with Patient with Rhythm p MI Disturbances value (Total =100) No. of No. of percentage Patients Patients Smoking 57 38 66.7 0.0000 Diabetes 55 37 67.3 0.0000 Hypertension 38 23 60.5 0.0225 Alcohol 33 25 75.8 0.0000 Hypercholesterolemia 51 19 37.3...
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...One of the main risk factors associated with individuals that have atrial fibrillation is stroke. While anticoagulants can help with this associated risk, not all patients with atrial fibrillations are at risk of developing a stroke. This can be an issue for some patients as taking anticoagulants can lead to other issues like bleeding. With that in mind, there is a scoring system in place called CHA2DS2-VASc, that help determine if a patient may require anticoagulant therapy. 1 This scoring system is broken down into seven risk factors that are assigned a specific score. These risk factors are then summed up to a possible maximum score of 9; higher scores suggest a higher risk of stroke. The seven risk factors are Congestive heart failure,...
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...Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Death Following Gastric Bypass for Treatment. I chose this article, because I did have this surgery done with no complications, and it is also a fascinating procedure and hope to one day work in this area. Pre operative mortality is the most feared outcome of bariatric surgery, it is reported to happen between 0.5 ad 1.5% of patients. In this article it identifies mortality fore either open or laparoscopic Roux-en-y bypass. The database is from Virginia Commonwealth university and was queried for patients who had undergone either an open gastric bypass (O-GBP) or a laparoscopic gastric bypass (L-GBP). A multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors related to perioperative mortality was performed. The factors examined included was age, gender, body mass index, preoperative weight, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, venous 3. Analysis of a Research Report Article stasis ulcers, intestinal leak, small bowel obstruction, and pulmonary embolus. The data was found to find independent factors related to early death. Early death was defined as death that occurs within 30 days of the initial procedure or as a direct result of a complication of the original procedure (Annals of Surgery p3). In this article tables were used to compare demographic information of the O-GBP and L-GBP groups. The O-GBP has a higher incidence of male gender and heavier patients. Except for diabetes...
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...Background: A 60-year-old postmenopausal Caucasian woman, generally in good health; she has weighs 112 lbs. She uses initiated hormone therapy with estrogen/progestin for help with her menopausal symptoms. The hormone therapy is her only chronic medication. Personally she has no history of any fractures. This patient is a cigarette smoker, who rarely exercises and drinks coffee everyday. This patient also, has concerns that she is at risk for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a common chronic metabolic bone disease. It occurs when the development of new bone does not keep up with the removal of the old bone because bone tissue is constantly being broken down and replaced. This disease is often undertreated and overlooked because it’s usually not known until the patient acquires a fracture. This disease is found more in elderly Caucasian women, than any other sex or race. The patient will have a low bone mass and a deterioration of bone tissue which increases the chances of bone fractures. The most common fractures related to osteoporosis occur in the hip, wrist, or spine. Patients can also have an unknown fracture without having to fall due to the weak bones. General risk factors: There are typically no symptoms found in early stages but pain may occur over time of weakened bones. There are...
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...Prevalence of dementia in elderly patients with hip fracture.PUBMED.GOV Hip fractures occur commonly and are a cause of disability for older adults and lead to increased dependence and requirements for social support. Dementia is one of the possible risk factors for falling and hip fracture, a potential source for complications during surgery and during the postoperative period, difficulties in rehabilitation and a risk factor for hip fracture reccurence. However, in previous studies of hip fracture patients, cognitive status has not been formally assessed during the inpatient stay and diagnosis was based only on previous history. Additionally, no previous studies have compared prevalence of dementia between elderly patients with hip fracture and patients with other surgical pathology. Our aim was to define whether dementia was more prevalent in older subjects with hip fracture than in other elderly patients undergoing surgery. In this study, we prospectively assessed all patients aged 68 and older admitted to our hospital for hip fracture surgery during a one year period and compared them with age and gender matched patients attending other surgical departments. 80 hip fracture patients and 80 controls were assessed for dementia. Dementia was common in both groups, presumably reflecting the advanced mean age of both groups and cognitive deterioration due to hospitalization-status. Dementia was significantly higher in the hip fracture group (85%) compared to the control group...
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...providers perform inhalational inductions with Sevoflurane to pediatric patients on a daily basis with intravenous cannulation following the induction. It is common practice for the majority of pediatric patients enduring medical procedures to undergo this routine in order to be anesthetized (Joshi et al., 2012). The incidence of laryngospasms occurring...
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...most febrile seizure episodes, harm usually does not come to the febrile seizure patient and it also does not mean that the child has a more serious underlying health problem. When a febrile seizure occurs, the pediatric will more often than not lose consciousness and experience tonic-clonic moving all extremities about in possible a thrashing motion. Although tonic-clonic is most common, in rare instances the pediatric will have periods of muscle rigidity or have localized seizures, like an arm or a leg on only one side. Febrile seizures can last ranging from a few seconds up to an astonishing 15 minutes or more, on average a febrile seizure commonly lasts only a few minutes. According to research and studies that have been done on febrile seizures, most of the febrile seizures occur when the rectal temperature of the pediatric reaches or exceeds one hundred and two degrees Fahrenheit. The onset of a febrile seizure usually occurs in the first twenty four hours of the fevers onset. With pediatrics who...
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...injury and death by injury in adults over the age of 65 years (Lee, 2013, p.37). Falls can have devastating results in the geriatric population. Fear of falling is a defined geriatric syndrome that may contribute to further functional decline in an already frail patient. When people experience something unpleasant, their natural response is an aversion to that experience. People may begin to limit their activities after a fall or as they become weaker and less agile with increasing age. This leads to a more sedentary lifestyle and physical atrophy, which further predisposes them to falls (Lee, 2013, p.37). According to Al-Aama (2011): A fall is a complex multifactorial phenomenon. In order to understand the mechanism of falls, it is essential to understand the prerequisites of normal gait. Essential substrates for a normal gait include fine neural networks such as the cortical–basal ganglia loop and the basal ganglia–brainstem system, exquisite musculoskeletal structures with appropriately regulated muscle tone, and proper processing of sensory information (p. 772). A fall in the geriatric population could be the result of various long-term or short-term factors. A short-term factor could include an acute illness or an adverse drug reaction. Normal gait and balance requires freely moving joints; muscles contracting at the right time with the appropriate strength; and accurate visual, vibratory, and proprioceptive input. As patients age, they may experience stiffened joints, decreased...
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...Nascha Kayani is 83 years old female who is a resident of Bitter Water Clan from Navajo Reservation. Her grandson Ahiga emailed yesterday stating that Nascha was suffering from severe pain in her left hip. Her grandson stated that the patient lives in a sedentary lifestyle of Navajo. There is not any other problem stated. The patient is 165 pounds with BMI 29.2. There is not any past medical history included according to the data given by her grandson. According to the data provided, the patient does not consume alcohol due to restriction in Navajo but she is a smoker. The patient is currently living in her Hogan. In Navajo, people are living under virtual isolation. So, it is difficult to contact patient directly from the phone to get more information. The only way to contact her is to contact her grandson and he will relay the information. As Nascha is from registered tribe, this makes her eligible for care at an Indian Health Service. For Nascha to arrive at the hospital, she will have to make arrangements for her travelling. She could make it to the hospital if there is no rain. Her grandson need to translate the English for Navajo because the people in Navajo cannot understand English including the patient. The vital statistics of the patient is as following: Vital Statistics: Nascha Kayani Blood Pressure 140/88...
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...(NCDs) risk factors for Malaysia are obtained primarily through the National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMS), conducted by the Ministry of Health (MOH). This population-based survey was first conducted in 1986, and was then repeated every 10 years. However, to monitor the changing trends of NCD risk factors, 10 years was too infrequent. Therefore, starting in 2011, the implementation of NHMS was revised whereby for NCD risk factors, NHMS will be conducted every four years. The results of the latest NHMS (in 2011) that covered NCD risk factors was published in March 2012, and the NHMS Conference was held on 13 June 2012 in Holiday Villa Hotel, Subang Jaya, Selangor. PREVALENCE OF DIABETES IN MALAYSIA NHMS 2011 has shown that the prevalence of diabetes in Malaysia has increased 31 per cent in the space of just five years, from 11.6 per cent in 2006 to the current 15.2 per cent. This means that there is currently about 2.6 million adults age 18 years and above living with diabetes. This increase was mostly contributed by the increased proportion of “undiagnosed diabetes”, from 4.5 to 8 per cent. As you can see on the graph (Figure 1), for every single individual diagnosed, another individual is undiagnosed. The prevalence of “impaired fasting glucose” has also risen, from 4.2 per cent in 2006 to 4.9 per cent in 2011. Figure 2 shows the prevalence of diabetes by age groups. The graph shows a steep increase after age 30, and reaches a peak at the 60 to 64 years age group. In...
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...organ. I was given the task of deciding who would receive a liver from a list of four potential recipients in an imaginary scenario. The four patients all have a rare tissue type and it is unlikely that another liver will be available that will match for months or even years. Patient number one is a 65-year-old male with four adult children whose wife depends on him for care of a debilitating illness. His liver was damaged by cirrhosis due to alcoholism. Patient number two is a 35-year-old female who is married with two small children. Her liver damage was caused by a chronic illness. Patient number three is a 21-year-old single male whose liver was damaged by a Tylenol overdose. Patient number four is a 28-year-old female who is married with 5 children under the age of 10. She is an illegal immigrant farm worker whose liver was damaged due to exposure to a chemical that was sprayed on the crops where she works. Very little information was given on each person. The first piece of information that would be a real deciding factor for me that was not mentioned was how compliant each patient would be with medical treatments. Without knowing this, it is very difficult to try to predict outcomes after surgery. So, given the little information that I have, here is how I came up with my decision. I decided to eliminate patient number one right off the bat. I realize that...
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...aneurysmal ruptures. The study model used in this investigation (case-control) is readily suitable to study uncommon diseases with low overall prevalence rates. However, given the impact such a condition could have on a population segment thought to have many years of productivity – and because of promising animal studies – the study was deemed beneficial as an initial step toward learning more about the drug’s beneficial indicators. The primary endpoint of focus was the likelihood of the rupture of an aneurism and the protective effect of statins on reducing that outcome. According to the authors (Yoshimura, Murakami, et al), their results showed that use of any statin “was inversely associated with rupture risk in unruptured aneurysm patients.” This finding was qualified because of a number of limitations associated with their model and techniques. Our recommendation seeks to address some of these concerns. The...
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...dissatisfaction in the health care setting. We reviewed several scholarly sources and withdrew pertinent information. Following the discussion of literature findings is a summary including suggestions for further research. In the article written by Fletcher, job satisfactions as well as dissatisfactions were investigated. Questionnaires were mailed to 5,192 registered nurses (RNs), 1,780 of which were returned and scored using several evaluation methods (Fletcher, 2001). Researchers looked at job satisfaction, patient satisfaction and safety, extrinsic work values, role of the immediate supervisor, and intent to stay in nursing. Job satisfaction was evaluated on several levels: Profits, Job performance, Intrinsic work values, and, Patient care issues. Profits referred not to personal financial gain, but to the organization’s profits. Many nurses responded feeling "devalued in their job" (Fletcher, 2001), and resentful of "the perceived placing of profits over patients…" (Fletcher, 2001). Job Performance was not only applied to themselves, but attitudes and performance of co-workers on a horizontal and vertical plane were also considered. Many held expectations of fellow employees to a high standard and "…were frequently...
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