...It is difficult to find comfort in an unfamiliar place. In the 17th century, there were many different reasons why people traveled to and throughout the opportunistic new world. Whether it was a puritan or a settler, they all traveled to start a new beginning. For new settlers anticipating the second coming of Eden, civilizing the New World meant changing bad into good. However, for some settlers, the reality of the New World did not meet their expectations and hope turned into disappointment. The colonists were shocked as the wilderness of the New World presented a challenge of survival. The New World was inhabited by wild and savage people, while they were uneducated, the settlers found that they were loving and gentle. Although the settlers...
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...Ryan Woods English Miss Orenstein April 5, 2011 To be…or not to be an American Separation and more specifically oppression has been a staple of the United States of America ever since it was settled back in the 17th century. As soon as they stepped foot off the boats, the immigrants fleeing Europe immediately saw other people and saw them as different and even as far as calling them savages. All of the native people who were living there before had their land taken from them and were beginning to be pushed west. This oppression of certain races continued long after the Mayflower hit the America’s shores. Next, the white man separated himself apart from blacks. Africans were enslaved because the “New World” needed free labor to jumpstart the economy and also because they were seen as being different than white people. It would have been very difficult to sustain a decent economy if people had to hire workers instead of having free labor with their slaves. It was not until the Declaration of Independence that someone finally acknowledged the idea of every man being equal and having the same rights. It was Thomas Jefferson who wrote that, “All men are created equal” in the opening line of the Declaration of Independence. The only thing wrong with the statement Jefferson made is that it is completely contradictory to the fact that he owned a slave and so did many others of the founding fathers. The Civil Rights Movement was the next significant step in this racial...
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...Words Comparing Colonization After the establishment of the United States, explorers continued the expansion of the nation by organizing new settlements to the West. Settling a new town is an incredibly hard task. I have examined three articles by historians who discuss the experiences of two very different settlements and the task they undertook to settle new colonies in different locations for very different reasons. The Mormon settlement in Utah had a different reason for colonization than the settlement at Jamestown as shown through their financial pursuits, leadership examples, basic resources and differences in geography. One of the historians, Karen Kupperman, writes about the settlement of Jamestown. She writes that “even the most privileged [suffered] from food shortage, disease, absence of family and friends, opposition from inhabitants of the land, and sheer exhaustion” (pg. 19). Not every place is similar with the same resources. Each comes with unique characteristics and conditions. She starts off by explaining how organizing settlements in the Northern hemisphere was very different than in the Southern hemisphere. The only model the British had to follow for colonizing was South America. In the North there was no gold or silver to mine for profit nor a large number of natives to enslave. Because of these lacking traits it was difficult to find people who would finance the trip to colonize Jamestown. This brings up the most important factor when looking...
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...as the underlying grounds for all socio-economic and political progress in the history of America. When Turner died, history departments were teaching frontier history based on his approach. For a long time, the history of America has been largely tied to the colonization history of the Great west. The presence of free land and the settlement of Americans to the west explain the progress of America. American institutions have been required to change with the increase of the diversity and population of people and facilitate the transformation from backward political and economic ways to civilization. Development in some nations has only taken place in some areas, but in America, development has been widespread. However, there is a frontier line still facing primitive conditions along the western part. Nevertheless, the history of America is not based on the western coast but the great west. Some primitive conditions such as slavery were related to the western frontier expansion. The frontier as Frederick Jackson Turner, according to, was the transformation from primitivism to civilization. The American frontier is the birth of Americanization. This was the start of liberation from Europe to the independence of the nation. In the seventeenth century, the...
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...Part A The California Gold Rush was an important discovery that contributed to the development and expansion of the United States. Prior to the Gold Rush California was a remote and sparsely populated area with no government control. People could come by sea or land which made it a great location when the Gold Rush exploded. The California Gold Rush brought 300,000 people across the United States to the West (Wikipedia, 2004). Of the 300,000 half arrived by sea and half came from the east overland on the California Trail and the Gila River Trail (Wikipedia, 2004). At first the gold nuggets could be picked off the ground. Later, gold was recovered from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques. Towards the end heavier equipment was used to retrieve the gold. When the gold was first discovered they wanted to keep it quiet. There was fear of what would happen to the land and agriculture if there was a mass gold search, but rumors spread and people saw the profits that could be made. Many hurried to set up stores to sell gold digging supplies and then announced and spread word of gold. It didn’t take long for this exciting news to take off. Soon all the newspapers along the east coast were reporting the findings and wealth to be made in California. The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. In six years, San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents to a boomtown of about 36,000 (Udall, 2003). Roads, churches, schools and other towns...
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...The new country of the U.S. began rapid expansion. Initially, by the 1830-40’s America was expanding into the southwest. John L. O’Sullivan, Ney York journalist captured the phrase “manifest destiny” in the 1840’s. The idea of manifest destiny was developed. Manifest destiny was the belief or doctrine, held chiefly in the middle and latter part of the 19th century, that it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand its territory over the whole of North America and to extend and enhance its political, social, and economic influences. (Dictionary .com). Manifest destiny was substantial in the U.S. to justify an imperialistic grab of Mexican land in California, Texas, and New Mexico. Expansion into the western frontiers offered opportunities for self-advancement....
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...Introduction The United States of America for decades has been the best example of a nation that is a melting pot of cultures. This has mainly been due to the fact that currently, the country may be the most racially and culturally diverse nation on the planet. There may be other facts disputing this assumption but the United States beats other culturally diverse nations in terms of the tolerance and harmony between the resident cultures. All this can been attested to the fact that America is an Immigration Country. The country constitutes people from different parts of the world. The process of people moving into the new world that is the Americas where the United State lies began centuries ago and has been an ongoing process to the current day. This paper examines the origins of their Native Americans. This paper also explores their journey into the Americas as the first Immigrants. Their settlement patterns and ways of life will also be examined. The paper also explores how the Native Americans in the Americas fared during the European conquest of the region that is currently identified as the America. Euro-Indian relations, conflicts and their aftermath is also a focus point of the paper, which culminates into the current state of affairs of the Native American community in the Americas. Origins of the Native Americans There are diverse sources of information on the origins and history of the Native Americans. They include oral history passed down through generations...
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...South Carolina Social Studies Academic Standards Mick Zais, Ph.D. State Superintendent of Education South Carolina Department of Education Columbia, South Carolina State Board Approved Document – August 18, 2011 Contents Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iii Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 Social Studies Standards Page Format .............................................................................................5 Grade-Level Standards for Social Studies Grades K–3 Kindergarten. Foundations of Social Studies: Children as Citizens ...............................................7 Grade 1. Foundations of Social Studies: Families........................................................................12 Grade 2. Foundations of Social Studies: Communities ................................................................17 Grade 3. South Carolina Studies ..................................................................................................22 Grades 4–5 Grade 4. United States Studies to 1865 ........................................................................................29 Grade 5. United States Studies: 1865 to the Present ....................................................................36 Grades 6–8 Grade 6. Early Cultures to 1600...
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...LECTURE 1 THE KHOISAN AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT Introduction: Khoisan are historically the earliest inhabitants of Southern Africa. They dominated Southern Africa for hundreds of years before the arrival of the Bantu groups. Archaeological evidence obtained from sites on the West Coast such as Kasteelberg show occupation by herders between 1600 and 1800 years ago, ie around 200-400AD They owed to a great extent their livelihood to the natural environment conditions which obtained. This is demonstrated by the fact that they derived the three basic fundamentals of life; food, shelter and clothing from the flora and fauna of the region. The San They were referred to as hunter-gatherers. [Bushmen by whites; Twa by Xhosa, Roa by Sotho and San by Khoikhoi] They occupied the mountainous, plateau and coastal areas of Southern Africa as evidenced by their paintings on rocks and cave walls throughout the sub-continent. They were neither herders nor agriculturalists, so they depended on hunting and gathering. [ie they survived on what the environment provided] Archaeological evidence has proven that the San might have made meat an important part of their diet before the invention of projectile weapons. How was this possible without weapons? The San killed newly born or sick animals Ran down animals Scavenging They drove large animals over cliffs or into swamps and then slaughtered them. Meat was thus an important part of their diet from time immemorial. As their Stone Age technology improved...
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...TExES I Texas Examinations of Educator Standards Preparation Manual 133 History 8–12 Copyright © 2006 by the Texas Education Agency (TEA). All rights reserved. The Texas Education Agency logo and TEA are registered trademarks of the Texas Education Agency. Texas Examinations of Educator Standards, TExES, and the TExES logo are trademarks of the Texas Education Agency. This publication has been produced for the Texas Education Agency (TEA) by ETS. ETS is under contract to the Texas Education Agency to administer the Texas Examinations of Educator Standards (TExES) program and the Certification of Educators in Texas (ExCET) program. The TExES program and the Examination for the Certification of Educators in Texas (ExCET) program are administered under the authority of the Texas Education Agency; regulations and standards governing the program are subject to change at the discretion of the Texas Education Agency. The Texas Education Agency and ETS do not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, or disability in the administration of the testing program or the provision of related services. PREFACE The State Board for Educator Certification (SBEC) has developed new standards for Texas educators that delineate what the beginning educator should know and be able to do. These standards, which are based on the state-required curriculum for students—the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)—form the basis for new Texas Examinations...
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...1. Brief history of the plant(s) including design capacity and future expansion 1.1 Introduction This report will cover the history, operations and future potential for the St Marys Sewage Treatment Plant and St Mary’s Water Recycling Plant, which located in an industrial area in St Mary’s, a western suburb of Sydney. A group of subject 48350 Environmental and Sanitation Engineering students visited both plants, and observed the operations and maintenance of these wastewater treatment systems. 1.2 St Marys Sewage Treatment Plant In 1939, the Sewage Treatment Plant was first commissioned at St Mary where it serviced a government facility nearby using a trickling filter system – obviously a small scale operation. The Plant was upgraded to a modern primary treatment system in 1964, with subsequent upgrades in 1974 and 1998 to its current tertiary treatment state. The current plant serves an 84 square kilometre region with 138650 people, treating 35 million litres of water per day (St Marys Sewage Treatment Plant, 2010). 1.3 St Marys Water Recycling Plant The Water Recycling Plant is located adjacent to the Sewage Treatment Plant, and was constructed over the period of May 2008 to early 2010, and was operational from September 2010. Its purpose is to further treat effluent which has already undergone conventional primary, secondary and tertiary treatment in centres like the St Marys Sewage Treatment Plant to even higher levels of purity for discharge into the Hawkesbury-Nepean...
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...E SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by ...
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...OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY OUTLINE OF OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1 Early America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CHAPTER 2 The Colonial Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CHAPTER 3 The Road to Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 CHAPTER 4 The Formation of a National Government . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CHAPTER 5 Westward Expansion and Regional Differences . . . . . . . 110 CHAPTER 6 Sectional Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 CHAPTER 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CHAPTER 8 Growth and Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 CHAPTER 9 Discontent and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 CHAPTER 10 War, Prosperity, and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHAPTER 11 The New Deal and World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 CHAPTER 12 Postwar America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 CHAPTER 13 Decades of Change: 1960-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 CHAPTER 14 The New Conservatism and a New World Order . . . . . . 304 CHAPTER 15 Bridge to the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 PICTURE PROFILES Becoming a Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...AS LEVEL Specification HISTORY A H105 For first assessment in 2016 ocr.org.uk/alevelhistorya We will inform centres about any changes to the specification. We will also publish changes on our website. The latest version of our specification will always be the one on our website (ocr.org.uk) and this may differ from printed versions. Copyright © 2014 OCR. All rights reserved. Copyright OCR retains the copyright on all its publications, including the specifications. However, registered centres for OCR are permitted to copy material from this specification booklet for their own internal use. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations is a Company Limited by Guarantee. Registered in England. Registered company number 3484466. Registered office: Hills Road 1 Cambridge CB1 2EU. OCR is an exempt charity. Contents Introducing… AS Level History A (from September 2015) Teaching and learning resources iv Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 1 1a. Why choose an OCR qualification? 1 1b. Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 2 1c. What are the key features of this specification? 3 1d. 2 iii Professional Development 1 ii How do I find out more information? 3 4 2a. Overview of AS Level in History A (H105) 4 2b. Content of AS Level in History A (H105) 5 2c. Content of unit group 1: British period study and enquiry (Units Y131 to Y143) 8 2c. ...
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...Western Expansion: Topics • The Native Americans • Settlement of the West • The Bonanza West • Conclusion: The Meaning of the West The Native Americans: • Life of the Plains Indians • Indian Policy • Finial Battles on the Plains • The end of tribal life • “saving” The Indians • Hellan Hunt Jackson • NA Contributions 1877 is the beginning of “modern” American history. Hayes was president and some feel he is a fraud Most people live on Eastern Seaboard. Many overcrowding. Manufacturing and limited land space. People want to live west but the Indians were there…. In 1867 Horace Greeley urged people in NYC to move west “if you move west you will crowd nobody and not starve” because nobody was there but there were over QMil Natives living in the West. The gold rush started and disturbed the native western population. 1: Life on the plains for NA. 2/3 of them lived on the great plains. It’s one of the most hazardous at the time. They knew how to survive. The plains Indians depended buffalo. They can kill and take only what they need and use the entire kill. The Whites left the carcass. It was used by them for clothes, tools, food, shelter, ect. Before the horse the NA would hunt them by running them over a cliff or scaring them into a trap. The Spanish introduces the horse to them. They discovered that it was a great work and hunting animal. They were migratory and would travel with the food source. Some tribes would be sever thousand people but...
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