...way the media presented the MMR case in front of the public created a great contribution towards the public perception. It has also had a negative impact on the scientific information, which was given out parallel to the rumors regarding the link between MMR vaccine and autism. In 2003, a science based film named "Hear the silence” has influenced the media by naming Dr. Wakefield as "Bad Scientist" [6].This seemed to have disregarded the value of a scientist and his knowledge in front of the public. On the other hand, the media have done their best to emphasize the MMR vaccine scare by putting headlines " MMR LINKED TO AUTISM" in newspapers like the "EVENING STANDARD" [6]. All of this highly influenced people’s thinking and resulted in a lot of parents refusing the MMR vaccines for their children. However, when Dr Wakefield’s theory got proven as a "Swine flu outbreak" as said in an article of Media Influence, it opened people’s eyes about the reality behind the false link. The impact of the media on public was made by using Sensationalistic Language to attract the public’s attention. It is a sensitive topic because it questions parenthood and whether the parents are taking the right decisions for their children’s health. Whilst this aspect was important, media also sketched scientists as respected and intelligent human beings who are not meant to make mistakes. So why was it that they destroyed this image in front of general public? The answer can be that partially, media runs...
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...Studies have shown that there is a relationship between the media and the issues of women in STEM. These articles look at how the media creates an image of scientists on the basis of stereotypes and the gender gap. All these different shows take on the topic in certain ways that may put women studying STEM in either a positive or negative light. However, they do all focus on the idea of making these field gender inclusive. Men want what was once theirs to stay theirs, except society has grown to be more accepting of woman in these fields. This raises the question of where are all the women in STEM fields. There seems to be interest, but the number of women who actually pursue these fields is really low. Other similar research examines the numerous...
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...Social media networks are designed for the purpose of collective connections. It has increasingly consumed college students’ everyday lives in accessing Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to connect and share with those around them (Miller, 2013). The popularity of social networking is increasing fast. This is because people use it extensively to get access from different resources. These social networking sites have become a powerful craze for everyone nowadays. Print Media involves printing which is a process for reproducing facts that concerns the country. Print Media is considered to be an outlet of media which is omnipresent despite of the fact that e-media age has started. This media is used to disseminate information through newspapers, magazines, tabloids etc. Newspapers carry the name of print media, because it is still one of the most significant medium today and is produced daily and have high circulations (Kipphan and Helmut, 2001). Broadcast Media is the electronic instrumentation of radio and television may it be local or national radio and television stations that reach vast number of people. Broadcast media play a very important role in any advertising campaign that needs to reach a broad target audience. The Radio dominates the airwaves through music with different genre and the Television which is a very powerful medium dominates in the houses of viewers. Television appeals more to the senses of viewers compared to other forms of media (Shrivasta...
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...Public Perceptions of Science Nowadays media is having a huge influence on the public perception. Every new information is taken by different types of media and is transmitted to the public in very different ways. There are different sources of media so there are many ways of interpreting new information depending on the media format, the audience, who is founding that media source and also what outcome they want to obtain from the public. Newspaper- is an old way to get your information; its target audience are people above the age of 18. In the newspaper the level of accuracy is not as high because the news are mostly changed by the journalist depending on what the government wants to communicate to the public because they are funding them. The language use is basic so the news can be understood by everyone. * Scare stories- in the newspaper we can find stories that are meant to have a bad influence on the public because they are talking about the rapid spread of the viruses like Ebola. They are mostly there to exploit the public fears because those are also controlled by the government. * Specialist journals- give reports about a specific subject to the public. In here you can find scientific articles of the week. Its target audience are the scientists and also the public. They are written by the people with some scientific knowledge and that’s why the language used is more scientific; they also give more details about the cases. Their purpose is to inform the audience...
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...focus on their perceptions of themselves comparatively to what they are exposed to through media instead of simply living healthfully as they try to copy what they see as desirable in the media and are therefore losing their individuality. Annotated Bibliography: Alexandra Ossala (2010). The Media's Effect on Women's Body Imade. New York: Hamilton College. In this article, Arielle Cutler, explores the emphasis that woman have on how they view themselves, beauty standards set by society, how body image is impacted by the media and the impacts of all of this on young women. It goes on to explain how she spent a summer exploring the efficacy of media literacy programs to use as a solution to the cycle of media affecting women and their body image. Arielle Cutler's findings are that the cultural standards in American society believes that the beauty standard is to be thin. Cutler explains that there is great concern for this as being thin is accepted over being average and that the norm of being thin is obsessive and unhealthy in American society. A study of girls, whom are European American and African American that are ages 7-12 years, when the media exposure is greater, such as television, they are more likely to have an eating disorder one year later and have a standard body image of being thin instead of average. The main people affected by higher exposure to media about body image are adolescent girls. As people are more aware of the effect that the media has on beauty...
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...Marketing Research and Promotional Message Teenagers make up a growing market of consumers in today’s society. Their needs, wants, and demands are far more diverse than those of other generations due to the constantly changing popular culture of today’s society. Attitudes and perceptions of teenagers are primarily driven by the need for popularity, success, and acceptance. It is essential for marketers to keep this in mind when advertising to them. If advertisements are not appealing to the mindset of teenagers and do not strike a chord with one of these basic needs, teenagers are likely to spend not only their money, but influence their parents to spend their money on a different brand that is more likely to garner them praise and popularity. According to Schiffman and Kanuk (2010), “The teen segment of Generation Y directly spends over $150 billion annually; furthermore, this group’s members influence the purchases of their parents for a substantial amount of other goods and services.” Teenagers spend money through their parents on everything from popular clothes to electronic devices, such as cell phones, tablets, and MP3 players. Teenagers seem to be very intent on owning brand name clothing, phones, cars, and many other items. Many teens choose to make purchases based solely on the brand name on the tag, rather than basing them on any kind of research or product knowledge. They do not really care how much it costs, performs, quality of the product, or how...
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...heroes smoking in supernatural effect the perception of smoking as a social norm in young people today. Stereotyping the Smoker: Adolescents' Appraisals of Smokers in Film McCool, J. P., Cameron, L., & Petrie, K. (2004). Stereotyping the smoker: Adolescents' appraisals of smokers in film. Tobacco Control, 13(3), 308-314. This is a research article on how to asses demographic factors and film smoking stereotypes in adolescents and the potential influence of smoker stereotypes on smoking susceptibility. They based this study on different demographics such as ethnicity, and gender. Using two groups aged 12 and 16 they conducted a questionnaire. They found that younger adolescents and males where more likely to view smoking in image based stereotypes; While older adolescents and females where more likely to see them in emotional stereotypes. Well finding correlations in both for an increased susceptibility to smoking the image based stereotypes where stronger. But both groups where seeing smoking as an accepted norm either to look cool or sexy, or as a relaxer when stressed or depressed. Interesting to note was that susceptible non-smokers and young adolescence where more likely to report greater time spent watching films. They concluded with that although adolescent group differences are important to appraisals of smokers in film, image stereotypes were found to be associated with smoking susceptibility. Adolescent perceptions of smoking imagery in film McCool, J. P.,...
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...INTRODUCTION Restiveness among youths globally and those in Nigeria has become a behaviour pattern which has degenerated into a topical global issue. Youth restiveness portrays man’s negative side of social development. This negative development is rather unfortunate and has become one of the many security challenges facing man in the contemporary society. In many occasions, lives and properties worth millions of naira have been lost or vandalized and some razed down by restive youths. As observed by Chukwuemeka and Agbara (2010), human society and in fact the entire universe is simply and squarely a complex entity. In view of this, individuals and groups have their complexities, needs, aspirations, hopes, goals, opinions, views and values which could be social, economic, religious, psychological or political. Consequently, there is bound to be restiveness among different groups of people especially youths who are at their prime age. The term youth has been variously defined. Ndu (2000) and Yusuf (2001) saw youths as neither adolescents nor children characterized by excessive energy that needs to be exerted, which if not guarded, is channeled into negative tendencies. The United Nations General Assembly and World Bank cited in Adewuyi (2008) defined the youth as people between ages 15 to 24 years. In Nigeria, the people within the age limit of 30 years are considered as youths hence they are allowed to participate in the National Youth Service Scheme (NYSC). For this paper...
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...Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Connection to Technology and Science 4 Definition of Technology 4 Historical Developments of Technology 5 Political and Legal Influences 6 Economic Questions and Considerations 7 Psychological Considerations and Sociological Effects 9 Cultural Context and Media Influence 11 Environmental Implications 20 Moral and Ethical Implications 20 Conclusions 21 References 22 Appendices 0 Abstract This report is about Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), It will explain what the technology is, how it developed from the observation of pea plants by a humble gardener at a monastery in Czechoslovakia in the middle of the 19th century to become the science of genetic engineering. The report will examine the influences the technology of GMOs has had on the political and legal systems where they have been introduced and how those political and legal systems are trying to reach some agreement on how to best use this technology. The report discusses the economic questions and implications, the psychological considerations, sociological effects, and the environmental, moral and ethical implications of genetically modified organisms. This report will also explain how the media has influenced the acceptance of some GMOs and the rejection of other and examine this technology and its cultural context. Connection to Technology and Science The emerging science/ technology of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is...
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...Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science International Journal of Social Networking and Virtual Communities (Int J SocNet & Vircom) Vol. 1, No. 1, July 2012, pp. 7~15 ISSN: 2252-8784 7 Students’ Perceptions on Social Networking Sites Influence on Academic Performance Adam Mahamat Helou1, Zor Zairah Ab.Rahim2, and Oye,N. D3. Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Article Info Article history: Received May 12 , 2012 Accepted Jun 10th, 2012 Keyword: Social Network Sites Academic Performance Perception Face book th ABSTRACT This study attempts to obtain students’ perceptions on how social networking sites impact their academic performance. In this paper a survey was conducted by distributing 325 questionnaires to selected students from the Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, UTM Skudai campus students and 320 out of it was completed. The purpose was to obtain respondents’ opinion on the use of social networking sites and its influence on their academic performance. The study confirmed that most of the younger students are engage in the use of SNSs mainly for socializing activities rather than for academic purpose. However, most of the students do feel that the SNSs have more positive impact on their academic performance. From the analysis of respondents responses to the researchers questions as indicated in question 1 to 4 in table 5, the highest mean score is 2.97 which are responses...
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...field that’s filled with wheat as tall as you. Suddenly a clif appears before you. Unable to stop you feel yourself falling to your inevitable death. Closer and closer. Feet from the ground, you immediately stop. You have found that you have landed on a soft cloud. You relax into a deep serenity as the cloud soars up and floats through the sky. No longer is there a threat of death, but a land of tranquility as you drift off into the sunset for your next adventure. Unfortunately, the world in which we currently live could not provide the same experience that was just described. As humans, we are limited in our perception and our senses. But, the world is evolving and technology is starting to fill the void created...
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...[pic] MASENO UNIVERSITY E-LEARNING CENTRE SCS 437: INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS Domains of AI AI applications can be grouped under the three major areas of cognitive science, robotics, and natural interfaces. Cognitive science Deals with how human beings are able to be intelligent and aware. Studies human memory, learning, perception, and problem solving. Leads to the development of expert systems and other knowledge-based systems that add a knowledge base and some reasoning capability to information systems, adaptive learning systems that can modify their behaviors based on information they acquire as they operate. Fuzzy logic systems can process data that are incomplete or ambiguous, i.e., fuzzy data. Thus, they can solve unstructured problems with incomplete knowledge by developing approximate inferences and answers, as humans do. Robotics Produces robot machines with computer intelligence and computer-controlled, human-like physical capabilities: give robots the powers of sight, or visual perception; touch, or tactile capabilities, locomotion, or the physical ability to move over any terrain; and navigation, or the intelligence to properly find one’s way to a destination. Robotics can be widely applied in computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Natural Interfaces The development of natural languages and speech recognition are major areas in natural interfaces. Developing computers and robots which are able to “talk” in conversational...
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...Irene Lorenzonia,b,������, Sophie Nicholson-Coleb, Lorraine Whitmarshb a School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK b Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Received 25 August 2006; received in revised form 12 January 2007; accepted 17 January 2007 Abstract This paper reports on the barriers that members of the UK public perceive to engaging with climate change. It draws upon three mixed-method studies, with an emphasis on the qualitative data which offer an in-depth insight into how people make sense of climate change. The paper defines engagement as an individual’s state, comprising three elements: cognitive, affective and behavioural. A number of common barriers emerge from the three studies, which operate broadly at ‘individual’ and ‘social’ levels. These major constraints to individual engagement with climate change have implications for achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gases in the UK. We argue that targeted and tailored information provision should be supported by wider structural change to enable citizens and communities to reduce their carbon dependency. Policy implications for effective engagement are discussed. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Climate change; Engagement; Barriers; Public perceptions; Mitigation; Behaviour 1. Introduction With entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, climate change...
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...These approaches are ensured to make it possible that even with any increase in people’s knowledge and evidence, their rational strength over anti-vaccine movements become a myriad.[Lewandowsky et al. 2013] Decision making becomes a weak thing to do because by looking at both ends, things seem to parallel each other. There those who believe in an unquestionable trust in political figures, doctors and other medical professionals. Other parents seem to look at homeopathy, nature and metaphysical tendencies to resolve their medical dilemma as regards to the vaccine.[Huntley and Peeters, 2010; Battles, 2008]. It is at this point that Lewandowski et al. [2013] and his believed that with an increase in knowledge the worldview polarization of science also doubled. Apparently, these issues are evident to point out to the fact that anti-vaccine attitudes are predicted by them. But there is very limited research in place, to depict the underlying factor beneath these forms of psychosocial behaviors against vaccines. The notion of worldview approach to anti-vaccine over vaccines is a current one and stems from paranormal, spiritual, and conspiracy beliefs over the vaccines. These non-evidence ways of life seem to reach out to the attitudes parents depict over vaccines for such a long time.[Jolley and Douglas, 2014; Goertzel, 1994] There those, who see that vaccines are unsafe, impure according to God’s purpose of creation [O’shea, 2001] and even with governments like the Australian taking...
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... What is PR? PR - the management, art & science of building & maintaining relationships between organizations & their stakeholder publics. PR •Public in PR is called "publics" •It has an "S" at the end •Segmentation •It is cyclical In PR, The word audience is not encouraged. Why? because it refers to a "passive" group of people not "reactive". PR is guided by these steps: Step 1: There is researching and analyzing. Step 2: There is policy & formation. Step 3: There is programming. Step 4: Communication Step 5: Feedback PR people: •Boundary spanners •Must be connected to both •Organization •Publics •Problem Solvers *Problems are opportunities for you to make a difference A conceptual schema for studying PR The duties of the PR Profession 1. Responsible for assimilating & communicating information 2. Span the boundaries 3. Relate the needs & interests of publics 4. Maintain effective relationships w/ the media 5. Arrange company representative and have direct contact w/ various publics 6. Write speeches and edit publications 7. Produce & distribute films, videos & other print collaterals 8. Manage fund raising campaign & community activities 9. Develop & maintain new media Elements of PR 1. Counseling – Giving advice to management 2. Research – Determing attitudes & behavior 3. Media Relations – Working w/ mass media to seek publicity 4. Publicity/Publication –...
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