...original Aladdin is a folk tale composed by an unknown author during the period of the crusades. Aladdin, and many other famous works are gathered in a book full of these stories called, “The Thousand Nights and One Night.” Since this work is so old, and incorporated into such a vast book, no one can pinpoint exactly when and who wrote it. A couple pieces of information are for certain though. As far back as history is documented, the Islamic culture has had an extremely harsh class system. The struggle of classes in Islamic culture was most likely the reason for the writing of Aladdin, and the passing on of its lessons as well. Aladdin is more than just a children’s fairytale, as it is an informative work that depicts the struggle and persecution of the lower classes in Islamic society, especially when view through a Marxist literary lens. The tale begins by introducing a boy named Aladdin as a thief. In literary works, a thief is normally not portrayed as a hero unless the stealing is done for the common good of the proletariat, like Robin Hood (Carpenter, Prichard). In contrast, Aladdin steals due to his lack of economical assets because of his class standing, and thus, for the good of only himself. Only due to the title of the piece, and events that occur a little later in the piece, can we assume that he is in fact the hero of the story. For the introduction of the tale, though, he seems as though a lowly thief, who is an outcast in society, disliked by members of the community...
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...Saint Catherine of Alexandria was a virgin martyr , whose feast day in November 25th . She is also the patroness of philosophers and preachers . In the catholic community , she represents one of the 14 Holy Helpers. Catherine was the daughter of Constus , who was the governor of Alexandria Egypt. Saint Catherine was both a princess and a scholar. Catherine converted into Christianity at the age of fourteen due to a vision of Madonna and Child. Catherine was also the only child. Catherine at the age of eighteen , during the persecution of Maximinus , Catherine started to debate with pagan philosophers and began to spread the word of God. Many of them later converted which caused them to be martyred. Catherine was then imprisoned. Upon imprisonment , Catherine converted over two hundred people , including Maxentius’ wife. To avoid Catherine to go through torture , he decided to ask for her hand in marriage but Catherine declined the offer declaring that her spouse was Jesus Christ whom she consecrated her virginity to. Maxentius , angrily , he condemned her to death by the wheel , but the wheel shattered at her touch. He then decided to behead her. Saint Catherine was buried at Mount Sinai. A PRAYER TO SAINT CATHERINE : Glorious Saint Catherine, virgin and martyr, help me to imitate your love of purity. Give me strength and courage in fighting off the temptations of the world and evil desires. Help me to love God with my whole heart and serve Him faithfully. O Saint Catherine...
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...Candide Essay Assignment TA: Véronique Church-Duplessis Tutorial: 7-8 SS 2104 Sajid Borhan 998931036 Voltaire in his novella Candide portrays the adventures of a young man named Candide as he faces numerous difficulties after he is forced to leave his sheltered life of the court. Voltaire, in his satire, explores many themes. Voltaire being a critic of the Church does not show the religious institutions and the people associated with it in good light, as demonstrated by the various characters in Candide. There are few portrayals of religious characters in a positive tone. This essay will discuss and analyze Voltaire’s view on religion and how he expresses his discontent and negative impression. This essay will discuss the theme of religion as portrayed in the novel and will further reinforce Voltaire’s view on certain aspects with other primary and secondary sources. Religious intolerance was a subject Voltaire dealt with in many of his works, especially Candide. The part where Candide escapes from the Bulgarians and encounters a Protestant man and women who drive Candide away by throwing garbage on him shows religious intolerance and religious zeal, “The orator's wife, putting her head out of the window, and spying a man that doubted whether the Pope was Anti-Christ, poured over him a full.... Oh, heavens! To what excess does religious zeal carry the ladies...” There are many characters present in Candide which are associated with religion; however Voltaire...
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...“Mary Tudor was born on February 18, 1516, at the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, England (Mary Tudor Biography).” “She was the only child of King Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, to survive through childhood (Mary Tudor Biography).” But little did she know would she end up having quite an abundance in mothers. In 1525, her dad sent her away while he tried to set up a marriage for her (Mary Tudor Biography). Although she was not happy she still went to Wales to make her dad not disown her.“By 1533, Henry had declared his marriage to Catherine annulled and married Anne Boleyn (Mary Tudor Biography).” Boleyn, fearing a challenge to the throne, successfully pressed for an act of Parliament to declare Mary illegitimate (Mary...
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...Fairy Tales, a modern staple of the nursery, represent much about the culture which tells them, for in fairy tales we find not just the fantasies of childhood but the realities of society. So much more than just nursery stories, fairy tales provide the backdrop for the development of a child’s psyche by simultaneously stimulating his imagination and “at the same time suggesting solutions to the problems which perturb him.” (Bettleheim in Tatar 270). Just as Oedipal conflicts and narcissistic dilemmas are navigated amid the fantasies of these tales, it is in the same manner that fairy tales till the soil on which the budding individual develops as a gendered and socialized member of the culture in which he lives. Folk stories, and more modernly, fairy tales, serve to influence the collective and individual unconscious in gender roles and gender identities. In examination of the various treatments of classic tales we can identify a running theme of subjugating the feminine in the service of patriarchy. Fairy tales are a specialization of folk lore, similar to myths and quests in that each subclass identify and reinforce gender roles. Hero stories accentuate the bravery and skill of the young boy who identifies with them but simultaneously reinforce that boy’s understanding of how to relate to the feminine (in many such tales the feminine is relegated to a helpless beauty he must rescue). Similarly, fairy tales, “by producing the female subject as complemented and completed...
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...wife England began to drift from the church. Queen Mary I was born February 18, 1516 and she was later baptized Catholic by her parents King Henry VII and Catherine of Aragon. Henry wanted a son and so he tried to annul his marriage with Catherine. During this time Mary was sent to the border of Whales while Henry was getting married to Anne Boleyn. Anne did not want want to be tested to the throne so pressed for an act of Parliament to consider Mary illegitimate. This placed the princess in session for the throne. Jane Seymour, Henry's third wife, wanted him to make amends with his daughters. So Mary reentered into the royal court but her religion stirred up a lot...
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...Catholic, and attended Mass at least once a day and saying prayers in her chapel every night. She interpreted that her initial popularity was due to the return of Catholicism rather than for the dislike of Northumberland and the support for her own legitimacy as rightful queen. Due to this she aimed to re-assert Catholic doctrines and practises and to re-establish Papal Supremacy. However ultimately Mary’s attempt to make England a full Catholic country failed, as her reign was too short, and she did not produce a Catholic heir to continue her attempt. Mary felt that it was her commitment to bring back full Catholicism to England. She was devout in personal worship, attending Mass at least once a day, and saying prayers every night. As a Princess she did not abandon her catholic faith, and only accepted the Royal Supremacy of her father in 1536 under duress. This was further encouraged by Cardinal Pole as he compared her to Mary mother of Jesus, and she had a divine purpose. She proclaimed on 18th August 1553 that she hoped that others would follow her religion. This made it seem that she was more interested in reforming religion instead of political reasons. The beginning of Mary’s reign is a typical example of a catholic Reformation, and much more popular than anything which had been attempted in the previous reign. When Mary became Queen in 1553 she believed that her popularity as ratification of Catholicism, rather than as a reaction to the unpopularity of Northumberland’s...
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...Disney characters : the reflect of women's place in the society Walt Disney, under his real name Walt Elias Disney was born in 1901 in Chicago. He founded in 1923 the famous Walt Disney Company with his brother Roy as the Disney Brothers Studios. After three years, the studios take the name Walt Disney Company. Their first animated film came out in 1937 "Snow White" inspired by a famous children's story by the Brothers Grimm. Thereafter follow many animated films like Cinderella, Mulan, or Rebel. One of the most important question in recent years is : What image Disney returns with respect to the role of women and the role that women play in society in the twenty-first century? In fact, Disney is primarily a media and integrate media stereotypes and habits of society to which they belong in their history or animated movie. Disney is the reflects of the habit of society to which they belong in their history or their short films. Thus heroines like Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora are submitted to wish than others, especially men, have chosen for her. They are docile women who spend their time dreaming. They are always save by men from a evil spell and are submit to the will of men. Instead, the heroines of the late twentieth century are beginning to take their lives and rebel against the male authority . In the twenty-first century heroines are increasingly rebelling and advocate of feminist principles : women are the equals of men. This analysis allows us to see a marked increase...
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...F961A3: Henry VIII to Mary I, 1509-1558 A: What were Henry VIII's aims as king from 1509-1529? Henry VIII's personality and role in government ▪ Henry VIII was a confident and energetic monarch. He had a much stronger claim to the throne than his father and there were no threats to his throne from pretenders. ▪ Henry VIII wanted to achieve glory for himself, his Court and for England. He would attempt to achieve this mainly through his foreign policy. ▪ Henry VIII was not, unlike his father, interested in the day to day administration of English government. ▪ He played a very important role at Court and he had the final say in all matters, but the running of the government and administration, he left to Wolsey - his chief minister from 1514-1529. ▪ Henry VIII was always the centre of attention but he hated writing and debating. Instead he preferred the thrill of hunting and sportsmanship and the excitement of diplomacy. ▪ Although Henry and Wolsey had their disagreements in the period up to 1527, none was serious enough to cause serious problems. ▪ Wolsey was brilliant at managing Henry's overdeveloped ego and Henry may have seen Wolsey as a surrogate father. ▪ After 1527, Henry VIII's energies were focused on the gravest crisis of his reign, the attempt by Henry to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled. This problem would lead eventually to Wolsey's fall from power. Henry VIII and foreign policy Introduction ▪ Henry...
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...There is evil in the world, but there is also good according to the author who is known for using satires in their writings. Francois Marie Arouet, later known as Voltaire, was born on November 21, 1964. Throughout his life he wrote and published fifty to sixty tragedies and comedies, including one of his most famous, Candide. Voltaire is known as one of the greatest satirist ever. Satire in the Merriam Webster Dictionary is defined as, “biting wit, irony, or sarcasm used to expose vice or folly” (M-W). Candide is filled with satire against optimism however; this is a target amongst many other satires. He also satirizes religion, politics, and war. His religious satire is present throughout the entire work. A religious leader involved in sexual activity is a large part of Candide. One of the most obvious examples was when Pangloss apparently contracted a sexually transmitted disease from Paquette. “She had traced the disease back to a Franciscan Friar and traced it to...Christopher Columbus” (Voltaire 21). These men were supposed to have taken a vow of celibacy. Voltaire’s angle here with this satire was that the actions of these men were scandalous and these practices were actually quite common in their time. He felt that if one could not honor the vows he took then why should these people be taken seriously. They were the very men who were supposed to represent their respective churches, and instead they were making a mockery of their religion. Another prime example...
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...Dr. Shouleh Vatanabadi Middle Eastern Cultures 11 December 2013 Marriage and Sexuality in Midaq Alley Naguib Mahfouz’s Midaq Alley, set in Cairo during the late years of World War II, was revolutionary and avant-garde not only structurally in the sense that it came to define a paradigm for the modern Arab novel, but also culturally given that it openly addresses issues of marriage and sexuality in Egyptian society. Through relationships between male and female characters, Mahfouz heavily criticizes traditional societal views on the role of women and homosexuality. The characters Salim Alwan and Kirsha are male archetypes whose violent dysfunctional relationships with their wives serve to criticize the greater societal issue of subjugation of women. Meanwhile, Hamida’s various engagements with Abbas, then Salim Alwan, then Ibrahim Faraj, reveal attitudes of extreme disrespect toward women and even unequal treatment for women before the law. Finally, though difficult to sympathize with, Kirsha nonetheless draws the reader’s pity as he is victimized by an anti-homosexual society that prevents him and his family from living fulfilled lives. Kirsha and Salim’s domineering treatment of their wives sheds light on the plight of married women in Egyptian society. Throughout the novel marriage is presented as an emotionless contract rather than a loving mutual relationship. The blunt causal structure of Kirsha’s reasoning in the statement, “I am a man. I am free.” implies...
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...Schizophrenia 6/17/2014 A. Hallmark features and diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia 4 1. Introduction 4 2. Defining schizophrenia - Hallmark characteristics 4 2.1 Loss of contact with reality 4 2.2 Hallucinations 4 2.2.1 Auditory hallucinations 4 2.2.1 B. Other hallucinations 5 2.3 Delusions 5 2.3.1 Delusions of persecution: 5 2.3.2 Delusions of grandeur: 5 2.3.3 Delusions of control: 5 2.3.4 Delusions of thought broadcasting and thought insertion and thought withdrawal: 5 2.3.5 Delusions of reference: 6 2.3.6 Other Delusions 6 2.4 Disorganised speech 6 2.4.1 Loosening of associations – 7 2.4.2 Problems with attention – 7 2.4.3 Neologism – 7 2.5 Disorganised or catatonic behaviour 7 2.6 Negative symptomology 7 2.6.1 Apathy and indifference 7 3. Diagnostic criteria – DSM5 classification 8 3.1 Characteristic symptoms 8 3.2 Social and/or occupational dysfunction 8 3.3 Duration 8 3.4 Schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion 9 3.5 Substance and general medical condition exclusion 9 3.6 Relationship to a previously diagnosed developmental disorder 9 B. Living positively with schizophrenia 10 1. Understanding schizophrenia and its symptoms 10 2. Approaches to treating schizophrenia 10 2.1 Psychotherapy 11 2.1.1 Positive living psychotherapy 11 2.2 Group therapy 11 2.3 Cognitive behavioural therapy 12 2.4 Assertive community treatment (ACT): 12 2.5 Family...
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...early Filipinos. Kali is another term used to refer to the same kind of martial arts. Different provinces may have different names for arnis, such as baston and kaliradman (Ilonggo, Bisaya), pagkalikali (Ibanag) and kalirongan (Pangasinan). These are only a few examples of the terms already recorded in different sources.One suggestion is that it originally came from another martial art system, called tjakalele. This is actually the name of a branch of the Indonesian martial art system known as pentjak silat. Another suggestion is that it was brought here from the Southeast Asian mainland, particularly during the Madjapahit and Shri-Visayan empires. Yet another suggestion is that it was propagated by the so-called ten Bornean datus fleeing persecution from their homeland.The glorious lives of Filipino heroes are linked with the awesome power of the martial art of Arnis. They triumphantly waged their heroic battles for freedom and liberty as a testimony of the power and effectiveness of Arnis. Their successful stand against their superiorly armed adversaries in mortal combat in the arena of battle is now held in immortal inviolability by history.It would not be far-fetched to surmise that one of the earliest Filipino heroes, Lapu-lapu, was a kali (Arnis) expert. Pigafetta, Magellan's chronicler and historian, recorded that on April 27, 1521, Lapu-lapu felled the great Spanish warrior with a bladed weapon thus marking a Filipino's first victorious stand against a foreign invader. Pigafetta...
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...• Characteristics of Medieval Literature Themes of Medieval Literature: • The Seven Deadly Sins • The Seven Heavenly Virtues • Physiognomy and "The Humours" • Values of "courtly love" • The Code of Chivalry(CF) The Poets and Authors: Caedmon: First English poet; author of "The Dream of the Holy Rood." Venerable Bede: wrote the Ecclesiastical History of England and the scientific treatise, De Natura Rerum. Geoffrey Chaucer: Famous Medieval author of the Canterbury Tales. Margery Kempe: Author of the first autobiography in English. John Gower: Medieval poet and friend of Geoffrey Chaucer Francesco Petrarch: Italian poet, and a humanist. Famous for his poems addressed to Laura. Dante: Medieval poet and politician. Christine de Pizan: Medieval author and feminist. William Longland: English poet who wrote the Vision of Piers Plowman. Boccaccio: Italian writer who was famous for writing the Decameron. Raphael Holinshed: Medieval author of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. (KM) Romance: • Chivalry was the reason behind this type of literature. • The greatest English example of the romance is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. • The romance hero-who often has the help of magic-undertakes a quest to conquer an evil enemy. (KM) Chivalry: • A system of ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewoman. • The rules included: taking an oath of loyalty to the overlord and observing...
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...Sikhism Guide http://www.sikhismguide.org/default.aspx Basic beliefs of Sikhism * Sikhs believe in one God. He is the same for all people of all religions. * Sikhism teaches equality of all people. Sikhism preaches that people of different races, religions, or sex are all equal in the eyes of God. Sikhism teaches the full equality of men and women. * Sikhism emphasizes daily devotion to the remembrance of God. One should remember God at all times. * Sikhism teaches religious freedom. All people have the right to follow their own path to God without condemnation or coercion from others. * Sikhism emphasizes a moral and ethical life. A Sikh should represent moral responsibility and righteousness. * Sikhism rejects all forms of rituals such as idol worship, pilgrimages, fasting, and superstitions. * Sikhism teaches service to others. The primary task in life should be to help the poor, needy, and oppressed. The Sikhs have a long heritage of speaking out against injustice and for standing up for the defenseless. * Sikhs are supposed to be saints, scholars, and soldiers. * The word Sikh means disciple or student. Sikhs are the disciples of God who follow the writings and teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus. Three Principles of Sikhism Guru Nanak Dev, the first Sikh Guru, taught three fundamental principles: * Kirat Karo - Work hard and honestly * Wand Ke Chhako - Share what you have with the needy * Naam Jappo - Always remember God...
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