...This paper will discuss in detail the historical use of objective and projective terms in personality testing. This will include potential problems and reference to specific tests. There will be a specific personality test chosen in comparison to that of Meyer and Kurtz’s discussion on personality descriptors. A specific referral question for personality assessment will be chosen. There will also be demographic information of a potential client included as well. This will also define background data of the client and their current level of functioning pertaining to the presenting problem to be assessed. The literature review of 3 peer reviewed journals will also be provided to help as supporting material for the effectiveness of the chosen...
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...Reliability and Validity in Personality Testing 02-16-2015 Introduction Psychological tests are often used in the selection of projective personnel (Anastasia & Urbina, 1997). The idea is that by using the scientific approach to personality and emotional intelligence testing in hiring, the employers will be able to increase the number of successful employees (Beaz lll, 2013). “Personality refers to an individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits”, which in relationship to a person’s projected Emotional Intelligence (EI) may lead to matching the right person to the right job. Job proficiency tests are used to select candidates for employment and are the number one tool used to match the right person to the right position (ND.gov, 2015). However, there are quite a few complaints about the fairness of this process and due to many court cases challenging the validity of these tests, many organizations have chosen to drop the assessment. A plaintiff must establish adverse impact upon a protected group by the employment practice used, in order to force an employer to show content validity in terms of examined traits to be consistent with job relatedness. In a court case against Target, the court found that the questions relating to personality traits in terms of religion and sexual orientation did not have any bearing on the desired emotional stability of the projective employee who had applied for the security officer’s job (Schaffer & Smidt...
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...Psychological Testing PSY/475 Psychological Testing In this paper the subject is to summarize the major assumptions and fundamental questions associated with psychological testing. The author begins by defining the term test. Next, the author describes the major categories of tests and identifies the major uses and users of these tests. Last the paper compares and contrasts the concepts of reliability and validity and discusses how they affect the field of psychological testing. The Standards for Education and Psychological Testing defines test as, “An evaluative device or procedure in which a sample of an examinee’s behavior (is) evaluated and scored using a standardized process” (Hogan, 2007, pg. 38). Anastasi and Cronbach, both traditional textbook authors, define the term test as, “an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior” and “a systematic procedure for observing behavior and describing it with the aid of numerical scales or fixed categories” (Hogan, 2007, pg. 38). In psychology, tests are used to make important decisions about an individual. Testing samples a person’s behavior, creates a standardized measure, and contributes in making important decisions about the individual taking the test. Testing is used in many different areas and is used to sample a person behavior, create a standardize measure, and contribute in making important decisions. For example, college admissions officers consult test score before admitting or rejecting...
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...The meaning of personality has so a lot of different meanings, the as the soul of an individual can provide the personality of a person, for example self awareness of traits and feature makes and a person. A person’s soul may as well specify that individual’s personality whether the person is a shy person and really timid or an extrovert who is a social butterfly with a lot of friends. In apprehension personality each of these persons falling under either of these classes would be unequally unlike as there are other traits that will mole a person and make the person unequaled from other people. A few personalities will have correlations that will associate persons nevertheless; the similarities won't make the two people the equivalent individual in affiliation. A personality may build from a lot of dissimilar elements culture, atmosphere, Cognition, parents, educators, beliefs, and star divination. There was an report which put up data on psychoanalytic therapy advising that Freud considered the base of a individual's personality is form in developmental levels beginning from former childhood focused on fine and obnoxious experiences.(2004,Buisness Weekly). One crucial characteristic that will specify Cynthia’s personality is emotion. Acknowledging what a person is retrieving or what the person is experiencing is always crucial for Cynthia. Cynthia’s personality description is as complies; social, fun loving, appease, and merciful human who lives for the moment and delights fresh...
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...Introduction to Psychological Testing Andrea K. Clark 06/15/2015 PSY/475 Introduction to Psychological Testing The goal of this paper is the summarization of key suppositions and basic questions related to psychological testing. A definition of the term ‘test’ shall be provided, as well as explanations of the main test types and identification of the chief users and usages of these tests. Additionally, there shall be a discussion of a comparison and contrast of reliability and validity beliefs and how they influence psychological testing. Definition of Test The definition of a test is “a critical examination, observation, or evaluation” that generates information (Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2015). Tests are utilized to identify, characterize or measure an individual’s or group’s knowledge, intellect, skills, capabilities or aptitudes. In the psychological fields, tests are assessment tools that standardize these characterizations, measurements, and identifications. Psychological tests are “a systematic procedure for observing behavior and describing it with the aid of numerical scales or fixed categories” (Hogan, 2007, p. 39). Main Test Types, Chief Usages, and Users According to Hogan (2007), “we classify tests into five major categories: mental ability, achievement, personality, interests, and neuropsychological tests, with several subdivisions within some of the major categories” (p. 41). There are also different test classification methods: standardized, non-standardized...
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...Psychological Testing Janice Watson PSY 475 June 19, 2015 Shirley Wilson Psychological Testing Introduction This paper will discuss the major assumptions and fundamental questions of psychological testing. It will define what testing it, describe the major categories of test, their uses and who uses these tests. It will also compare and contrast reliability and validity and how they affect psychological testing. Test There are various ways in which an individual can define test. A test is a system for accomplishing something such as observing behavior and illustrating it with the help of numerical scales or prearranged categories (Hogan, 2007). There are common elements between “tests". They test some procedure or device that bring forth information. The procedure or device gives information about some behavior, and the test are a systematic, standardized procedure (Hogan, 2007). Another definition of psychological testing is that they are a written, verbal, or visual assessment done to determine the cognitive and emotional activity of individuals (Health, 2015). Just because there are many ways to define test does not mean each answer is wrong. It depends on the subject matter at hand and how the individual chooses to define it. Categories of Test There are five major categories of test that include personality, interests and attitudes, achievement test, neuropsychological, and mental ability tests (Hogan, 2007). The personality test includes many...
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...achieving the group goal. To know your own leadership style you must conduct a few leadership assessment tests. The importance of these tests is to test the level of leadership skills you have. Some of these tests will test your leadership abilities, your strengths/weaknesses and how well you can they affect your leadership style, and even your personality. To test my leadership style I conducted two very common tests; the Vark Assessment and the Type A or B Personality Indicator. The Vark assessment provides insight to an individual’s predisposition toward a particular learning style (Coppola & Ledlow 2010). I notice that I am more of a kinesthetic learner My scores were: * Visual 8 * Aural 7 * Read/Write 5 * Kinesthetic 9 According to Coppola and Ledlow, this type of learner requires practical exercise, a hands-on approach, or a meticulous stimulation to learn efficiently. Theses learners also prefer learning through experience to alternative preparatory methods. However, they are quick processors of information in an on-the-job environment. Another assessment test that I took was the Type A and B Personality Indicator, which is a test that is suppose to determine the kind of person you are or what type of...
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...Introduction to Psychological Testing Psychological testing is used in many areas today, the term test in psychological testing refers to a “procedure used to establish the quality, performance, or reliability of something or someone, before it is used in a widespread manner” When it comes to psychological testing these tests are either in written form, visual form, or verbal form through evaluations (Dorland, 2007). Psychological testing is also known as psychological assessments, these tests are used by psychologists to help them get a better idea of a person’s behavior (Framingham, 2001). Many psychologists and companies also use these tests to help them with problems solving, in many different areas for a person including mental health issues, personality issues, and to test IQ (Framingham, 2001). Psychological tests are used to measure people’s performance however they can also tests what is going on with the person in the present, psychological tests cannot predict how a person will be in the future (Framingham, 2001). When it comes to psychological tests, there are many different kinds and styles, there are four major types used one of the clinical interview, assessment of intellectual functioning, personality tests, and behavioral tests (Framingham, 2001). There are also other non-primary tests used for achievement in school, career, work, counseling, management skills, and career planning (Framingham, 2001). Psychological tests are used to help with numerous...
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...Running Header: Introduction to Psychological Testing Paper Introduction to Psychological Testing Paper Thomas Hagenbuch University of Phoenix PSY/475 When looking at the field of testing there are many assumptions and questions that are looked at. Psychologists, no matter what tests they are looking at have to realize what assumptions they are making about the material or the test taker. If either one of these assumptions aren’t looked at or studied, then it is possible that the psychologists might make a mistake that could ruin their research. Through this course it will be explained the different assumption and questions that psychologists look at during their research. Psychological Tests “Psychological tests are written, visual, or verbal evaluations administered to assess the cognitive and emotional functioning of children and adults. Psychological tests are used to assess a variety of mental abilities and attributes, including achievement and ability, personality, and neurological functioning” (Psychological Tests, 2012). Some examples of psychological tests include; mental ability, achievement, personality, interests and attitudes, and neurological. Some of the context that these tests include; clinical, educational, research, and personal. Within these tests it is crucial that the information provided to individuals is true and accurate (or valid and reliable). Achievement Tests According to The Free Dictionary (2012), for...
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...Psychological Testing Tabitha Taney PSY/475 September 18, 2013 Maggie Boone Psychological Testing There are tests of every type that most people will have to take throughout their lives. There are driving tests, tests to get into college, tests in all varieties of schools and even in the workplace, when being hired or promoted. There are also tests in the world of psychology, including testing in schools and the workplace. Psychological testing will be defined, with a few different varying descriptions from a few sources, since there is not just one definition for this type of test. The major categories of tests will be described and the major uses and users of these tests will be identified. The concepts of reliability and validity will be compared and contrasted, and how they both impact the field of psychological testing will be discussed. Definition of the term “test” “The glossary of the authoritative Standards for Educational and Psychology Tests,” according to our textbook, “says that a test is an evaluative device or procedure in which a sample of an examinee’s behavior in a specified domain is obtained and subsequently evaluated and scored...
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...Introduction to Psychological Testing Megan Szopinski PSY/475 April 13, 2015 Dennis Plunkett Abstract Within this essay there will be information providing the following; the psychological testing definition of the word ‘test', the major categories of psychological test, the uses and users of each, and the difference and similarities of reliability and validity. The information provided will give you a good idea of what test should be used for and who would administer that particular test. There will also be an example of how a test can be reliable but not valid. For an experiment to have an accurate test, the test needs to have reliability and validity. Introduction to Psychological Testing Psychological testing is crucial when it comes to measuring how and why humans behave in certain ways. Choosing the correct test for the right experiment is also important. There are some major assumptions and fundamental questions that relate to psychological testing. The main ones are (a) defining the term test, (b) describing the major categories of test and who uses them or users of them, and (c) reliability and validity and how affect psychological testing. Throughout this paper, we will discuss the assumptions and questions related to psychological testing. Defining the Term ‘Test’ Most of us have taken a test of some sort throughout our lives. Sometimes we may think to ourselves "why do we need to take another test" or "I am horrible at test, but I do know the information"...
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...Checkpoint: Personality Assessment and Theories XXX BEH 225 Introduction to Behavioral Science University of Phoenix Instructor: XXX XXX Personality Assessment and Theories When discussing about how personality assessments and personality theories correspond, we first will go over a theory called the psychodynamic theory. The psychodynamic theory is something known to be in unconscious thoughts, motives, conflicts, and feelings. This is something that may have developed or started in the early years of childhood dealing with repressed problems. To come to an assessment of the psychodynamic personality and projective tests, interviews are made personally. “This is a drive towards personal growth and higher levels of functioning” (Morris & Maisto, 2002). This is in regards to the humanistic views on the personality theories. Like the psychodynamic personality, objective tests and personal interviews are used to make this assessment. Cognitive-social learning theories deals with “past reinforcement and punishment, and by also seeing what happens to others,” as mentioned by Morris and Maisto, 2002. In the overlook of assessing social learning theories, the three main ways of going about this is to assess through personal interviews, observations, and objective tests. In discussing the test given by www.similarminds.com, this test to me was more of an objective test. The test consisted of a serious of questions that asked my own personal ratings of...
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...Introduction to Psychological Testing Aryne F. Levine PSY/475 May 24, 2012 Glenn Leighbody Introduction to Psychological Testing The term test is a difficult term to define. There are several major categories and sub- categories of assessments. The major categories of assessments relate to the type of examination. The sub-categories of assessments relate to the manner in which the assessment is taken. Assessments can be used for a wide variety of purposes in the professional, military, and educational worlds. The validity and reliability of a test affect the overall purpose of the test. Human error and individuality can affect the reliability and validity of psychological assessments. Definition of the Term Test The term test is defined as an analytical assessment, examination, or appraisal that is used to measure the abilities, understanding, intellect, proficiencies, or skills of an individual or group (Merriam-Webster, 2012). There are many major and minor categories of tests. The five major test categories are: The five main categories of psychological tests are: mental ability tests, achievement tests, personality assessments, interest and attitude assessments, and neuropsychological tests. The minor categories of tests are: performance, paper and pencil, power, speed, individual, group, maximum performance, typical performance, norm-referenced, and criterion referenced examinations. Separating examinations...
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...Defining Personality Personality, this common thread weaves its way through the life of every person on earth, subsequently making each person's behavior different from the next. There are a number of theories on how personality develops; however, none have pinned the development of personality to any one definition. With this in mind, this paper encompasses a discussion surrounding some definitions of personality, examines research methodology that help explain personality development, and the factors that influence personality development. Personality Perspectives For many years people studied personality and theorized about where this behavior came from. Personality is a unique aspect to each individual and is "…a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior" (Feist & Feist, 2009, p. 4). In addition, speculation of personality development centers on genetics and the environment. However, there are challenges in the interpretation of personality development test data, as there are a number of perspectives trying to define personality and each theory is unique to the perspective of the theorist. If one looks toward psychoanalyses for an answer, Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, or Carl Jung would contend that personality is a result of early childhood experiences and "…ongoing compromise among numerous independently operating mental subsystems" (Funder, 2001, p. 199). Thus, expressing...
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...Psychological Testing Paper University of Phoenix PSY/475: Psychological Test and Measurements MU10BSP10 Psychological Testing Paper Introduction There comes a time when we all come across a specific test such as school tests, driving test, or even as simple as food tasting test. However, there is a difference between regular tests and testing’s when referring to psychological testing. There are several different psychological tests that many psychiatrists, psychologists, and school counselors use to determine certain abilities, however each of the tests are used for a specific purpose. It is vital for the individuals to contain high knowledge of the tests before applying it to others. Defining “Test” According to the medical dictionary, psychological tests are defined as written, visual and verbal evaluations administered to assess the cognitive and emotional functions of children and adults (Psychological Tests, 2012). The purpose for psychological testing is to determine the mental abilities, personality traits, achievements and abilities, and neurological functioning. Although, we all have a basic idea of what the definition of “test” is, however according to (Hogan, 2007), they developed six-element to define “test”: A test is a standardized process or device that yields information about a sample of behavior or cognitive processes in a quantified manner (Hogan, 2007). Major Categories of Tests There are five major categories of tests that are applied...
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