...The Andes form the backbone of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. It is the longest unbroken mountain chain in the world, soaring higher than any range except the Himalayas in South Asia. Some of the Andes’ snowcapped peaks tower more than 20,000 feet (6,000 m) above sea level. The Andes have shaped not only the physical geography of the Andean nations, but also the economies and lifestyles of the people who make their homes in this region. The Andes stretch some 5,500 miles (8,850 km) all the way from the Caribbean Sea to the southernmost tip of South America. At places in Peru and Bolivia the mountain range is nearly 500 miles (800 km) wide. Its rocky walls divide the Andean nations into three distinct environments: coastal plain, highlands, and forest. Coastal Plain Between the mountains and the sea, a narrow plain stretches along the entire Pacific coast from Colombia to the southern end of Chile. At some points it is no more than a sandy beach at the foot of the mountains; in other places it reaches inland for 100 miles (160 km). The Atacama Desert, the driest and one of the most lifeless places on earth, occupies the coastal plain in northern Chile. Because ocean winds lose their moisture blowing across the cold waters of the Peru Current, only dry air ever reaches the land, creating a desolate wasteland. The Atacama is so dry that archaeologists have found perfectly preserved relics from ancient times. These include colored textiles woven hundreds of years ago...
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...SECTOR COUNTRY CASE STUDY: PERU Draft – not for citation John Tilman May 2, 2006 1 Glossary ADEX BCRP CCA CPPS DDA DIGESA EEZ EU FAO FIUPAP FONCODES FONDEPES GATS GPS IATTC IMARPE INEI ISC ITP MT NAMA NRI OLDEPESCA PRODUCE PROMPEX SIA SNP SPS SUNAT TBT WTO Exporters Association Central Reserve Bank of Peru Causal chain analysis Permanent Commission for the South Pacific Doha Development Agenda Environmental Health Directorate Exclusive Economic Zone European Union Food & Agricultural Organisation Artisanal Fishermen’s Federation Cooperation & Development Fund National Fund for Fisheries Development General Agreement on Trade in Services Global Positioning System Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission The Marine Institute Statistical & Information Institute Selective Consumption Tax Fisheries Technological Institute Metric Tonnes Non-agricultural Market Access Natural Resources Institute Latin America Organisation for Fisheries Ministry of Production – Fisheries Export Promotion Office Sustainability Impact Analysis National Fishing Society Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Superintendency of Tax Technical Barriers to Trade World Trade Organization 2 Table of Contents Page Glossary Executive summary 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Coastal livelihoods and development 1.3. Objectives of the study 2 6 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 2. The Baseline 2.1 Fish resources 2.1.1 Aquaculture 2.2 Government...
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...Country Introduction: Chile v. Peru Extending 2,880 miles down the western coast of South America, between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes mountains, is the remarkably slender country known as Chile. Due to its large geographical scale, encompassing 38 degrees in latitude, Chile has a range of climatic zones, from the arid Atacama Dessert in the north to the subtropical regions in the south. These diverse climates and topographies provide Chile with a wealth of natural resources including timber, iron ore, hydropower and most prominently, copper, an element known for its inherent ductility and electrical conductivity. Beginning in the mid 1960s, concurrent with China’s exploding GDP growth rate, the value of copper in the modern industrial market place began to soar due increased global demand. Chile, whose copper reserves account for 28% of the world’s total supply, experienced the positive economic impact from this increased demand, as seen through the country’s GDP growth of over 400% between 1970 and 2014, adjusting for inflation, (Appendix 1). Coupled with the solid GDP growth over the last 45 years, Chile was also able to establish strong institutions, an efficient government with relatively low levels of corruption, and solid macroeconomic stability, which subsequently established Chile as the most competitive economy in Latin America according the 2015 Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) (Appendix 2). Directly to Chile’s north lies Peru, a country almost double Chile’s...
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...Peru, officially the Republic of Peru is a country located on the western side of South America, whose territory borders the Pacific Ocean to the west and bounded on the north with Ecuador, northeastern Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia and southern Chile. It has a complex geography is dominated by the elevations of the Andes and the Pacific currents, which makes the climates and landscapes as widely varied as the desert coast, the highlands of the high Andes and the rainforest of the Amazon basin, all environments that shape the country as a land of great variety of natural resources. The heterogeneity of geographic and climatic rigors of the country led to the first settlers early Peruvians to the twelfth millennium B.C. to adapt by developing one of the widest range of cultural traditions, as the oldest civilization of Caral that five thousand years ago, around the production cycles of each region, many of which resulted in a regional theocratic states. In early second century B.C., states began to be played, by periods, control of the peoples of the Andes. By the sixteenth century, the later and vast domain of these states, the Inca Empire was annexed by the Spanish conquerors with the support of dissident ethnic groups to Inca. The Spanish crown had established a viceroyalty that included most of its South American colonies. In 1821 the country became independent, basing a state that was immersed in internal and external conflict periods alternating...
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...it rains all year long. It is known for its dense canopies of vegetation that form three different layers. The top layer or canopy contains giant trees that grow to heights of 75 m (about 250 ft) or more. This layer of vegetation prevents much of the sunlight from reaching the ground. Thick, woody vines are also found in the canopy. They climb trees in the canopy to reach for sunlight. The middle layer, or understory, is made up of vines, smaller trees, ferns, and palms. A large number of plants from this level are used as common houseplants. Because of the small amount of sunlight and rainfall these plants receive, they adapt easily to home environments. The bottom layer or floor of the rainforest is covered with wet leaves and leaf litter. This material decomposes rapidly in the wet, warm conditions (like a compost pile) sending nutrients back into the soil. Few plants are found on the floor of the forest due to the lack of sunlight. However, the hot, moist atmosphere and all the dead plant material create the perfect conditions in which bacteria and other microorganisms can...
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... Identify impacts associated with agriculture. In this paper, we will be discussing natural resources and energy of the Amazon Rainforest. We will identify some of the impacts associated with agriculture. The effects of growing human population have on the ecosystem. Management practices of sustainability and conservation of natural resources in that ecosystem. Risks and benefits of extracting or using one type of nonrenewable and one type of renewable energy resource from that ecosystem, and we will also assess management practices for sustainability and conservation of natural resources and energy. The Amazon Rainforest is vast and accounts for half of the rainforests in the entire world. The rainforest runs alongside the whole of Amazon River and stretches through nine different countries. The rainforest is over fifty-five million years old. In 2008, the rainforest was proclaimed to be one of the Natural Seven Wonders of the World by the New Seven Wonders of the World Foundation. The rainforest is on the largest recycling unit for converting carbon dioxide into oxygen, 20 percent of the world’s oxygen comes from the Amazon Rainforest. On the fifth of the world’s fresh water supply also comes from the rainforest as well. 25 Percent of Western pharmaceuticals are derived in the rainforest. There are over 50,000 plants, animal, and insect species in the Amazon around 137 of these species die off every year. The ecosystem is vast and vital...
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...(10269890) Index Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………......3 Research Methodology..………………………………………………………………………3 Limitations ……………………………………………………………………………………3 About MANGO………………………………………………………………………………..3 Introduction (Peru an Emerging Economy)…………………………………………………4 Ease of Doing Business……………………………………………………………………….5 Market Attractiveness of Per (PESTEL Analysis)…………………………………………...6 o o o o o o Political analysis………………………………………………………………………………7 Economical Analysis…………………………………………………………………………..9 Socio-Cultural Analysis……………………………………………………………...............13 Technology Analysis………………………………………………………………................17 Environment Analysis………………………………………………………………………..18 Legal Analysis………………………………………………………………………………..19 Entry and Evaluation of MANGO in the Peru Market…………………………………….21 SWOT Analysis………………………………………………………………………………24 Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibilities…………………………………………………28 PESTEL Analysis on Peru Fashion Industry (MANGO)………………………………….28 CSR for Retail fashion Industries…………………………………………………………...29 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………...33 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………34 2|Page Saurabh Mallick (10269890) Abstract This report insights the PESTEL analysis done on the country Peru, in context to fashion retail brand MANGO. Research Methodology Every one of the sources utilized for examination are valid and trusted sources. The majority of the research is done by utilizing the DBS library assets and World...
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...The advantages and limitations of both strategies will also be discussed in this report. Peru is located in the west of South America, and has borders with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile (peru.travel) Wine industry from Peru was brought from Spain after its conquest. (Ayala) 1. 2. Factor conditions 1. 2.1. Physical resources Peru soils are nearly level to steep. They are on drumlins and sloping to steep areas of glaciated uplands. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. The soils formed in dense, loamy glacial till of Wisconsin age that is derived mainly from mica schist, granite, and phyllite. Peru soils are moderately well drained. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderately slow or slow in the substratum. The climate is humid and cool temperate. Mean annual rainfall ranges from 30 to 50 inches and mean annual air temperature ranges from 40 to 47 degrees Fahrenheit. The frost-free season ranges from 90 to 160 days.(National Cooperative Soil Survey , 2013) The high relief and steep slopes of the streams emerging from the mountains to the east meant that it was relatively simple to divert water into canals for irrigation agriculture. (Park, 1983) Peru has a large amount of water resources, with 159 river basins. The Andes divide Peru into three natural drainage basins: Pacific basin, Atlantic basin and Lake Titicaca basin. (Farroñay, 2012) Land area (sq. km) in Peru was last measured at 1280000...
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...Foreign 99 Chapter III Direct investment by China in Latin America and the Caribbean A. Introduction Since 2008, China has become one of the world’s largest sources of direct investment. These flows first reached significant levels in Latin America in 2010, when it is estimated they surpassed US$ 15 billion. Chinese companies have in fact burst on the scene in the region so recently that several of the biggest projects were still being finalized in early 2011, or had only just been put into operation. Most investments have been made in natural resource extraction, but over the medium term this is expected to diversify into other sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure construction. Paradoxically, there is a lack of data on this extremely important phenomenon, which poses a constant problem for policymakers and analysts studying Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI). Appraisals of the possible opportunities and challenges presented by this increased investment flow therefore tend to lack supporting empirical evidence. The aim of this chapter is to make some progress on this issue, at least as far as investment in the region is concerned. A variety of sources have been consulted, including investment announcements in the media and interviews with Chinese company managers and Latin American and Caribbean government authorities. Despite the evident limitations of this kind of material in terms of data quality and reliability, this course of action does provide...
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...Patterns • Trade Regulations • Imports • Exports • Labor VIII. VII. Conclusion Introduction South America was named in 1580 by cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies, but a New World unknown to Europeans. Continent of South America/Brazil South America is the 4th largest continent. It connects to North America by the Isthmus[1] of Panama. The country of Brazil accounts for more almost half of the continent and contains about half of the people. The countries that make up this continent include Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The northern section near Suriname, the continent also contains French Guiana which is a French dependency. The largest metropolitan areas on the continent are Sao Paulo in Brazil and Buenos Aires in Argentina. The population of South America as a whole...
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...Amazon Rainforest Chavela Montano, Allison Maestas University of Phoenix Science 265 The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world covering over 1.4 billion acres. The Amazon Rainforest is so large it spreads across a few countries; these countries include Brazil, Peru, Venezuela and Columbia, just to name a few. The Amazon Rainforest is home to 10% of the world’s wildlife, and 20% of the world’s bird population. The Amazon Rainforest is the world’s largest producer of oxygen because of the variety of plants that can be found in the rainforest. The Amazon is not a popular destination for tourists because of the wildlife, the drug cartel and so many unknown circumstances that surround the Amazon. The climate is very humid, hot and wet; definitely not something tourists enjoy. Many people who live in the Amazon Rainforest live off of the land; therefore they are experts when it comes to agriculture. The only problem with the agricultural community is the fact that most of the communities are tribes and they use traditional methods when it comes to farming. Some tribes use the slash and burn method when it comes to farming in the rainforest. This is adequate for a village, but not for mass production. Tribes typically will farm the land until it fails to produce more food, due to the depletion of minerals in the soil. When this happens, the tribe will relocate so they can find fresh soil to start a new farm. This has a huge impact...
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...Mineral and Power Resources Introduction to Mineral Minerals are composed of inorganic particles. Minerals are found in the earth or are naturally occurring substances. They are found in rocks, and water. • Minerals are chemical substances. Some minerals like gold or silver are made of only one element. Other minerals, like quartz and calcite, are combinations of two or more elements. • Minerals always have the same chemical makeup. For example, quartz will always consist of one part silicon (an element) two parts oxygen (another element). Examples of Minerals Halite, pyrite, hematite, calcite, gold, silver, quartz, feldspar, mica, gypsum, ruby, diamond, topaz, graphite, corundum, fluorite, apatite, malachite, copper, garnet, talc, , sulfur, and roughly 4,000 other recognized minerals. The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make up 99 percent of all minerals on Earth. Questions for the students. Where are the minerals found? Power Resources Power or energy comes from different sources: solar, wind, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy, fossil fuel and so on. A society or civilization cannot survive for a moment without power or energy. So, sufficient energy is the basic foundation for the development of a nation. Daily needs, industries, transportation and communication and so on are governed by energy sufficiency. What is energy? The stored ability to perform work or produce heat comes in many forms-electric, mechanical...
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...Natural Resources and Energy Paper Domico Curry, Sandy Khanthavong, Jasmin Odion, Gladys Ekwuruibe, Matthew Pew September 3, 2014 SCI256 Peter Miedzinski Natural Resources and Energy Paper The Amazon rain forest is located in Southern America. The bordering countries that surround the Amazon rain forest are Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. It is believed that the Amazon rainforest is one of the largest formulated forests and measures at seven million square kilometers (www.brazil.org.za, 2014). Anacondas, Jaguars, spider monkeys, and sloths live in the Amazon forest. Its rainy or dry seasons can make home for many animals. And can either be extreme wet season or hot. There are many ecosystems in the Amazon rain forest, for example one of the major ecosystems in the Amazon Rain forest is the Amazon River. It runs four thousand miles down the Amazon, and is one hundred and twenty miles wide. The Amazon River is home to anacondas and many other life forms species. However the Amazon River is only the second largest river in the world. The Amazon is home to many indigenous tribes and animals. The climate change in the weather is of concern to people, who take a closer look into the fact that, the Amazon River and the forest itself needs to be preserved. It’s of concern to others, because the weather is unpredictable, which does not give its people enough time or resources to prepare for upcoming floods or extreme droughts. That ruins the plants and land...
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... Toyota, Hyundai Motor Group, Ford, Nissan, and PSA in 2011. From a company who was a supplier of piston rings to Toyota and becoming their competitor there is a lot of story behind. A firm possesses a Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA) when it has value-creating processes and positions that cannot be duplicated or imitated by other firms that lead to the production of above normal rents. An SCA is different from a competitive advantage (CA) in that it provides a long-term advantage that is not easily replicated. As an example, Honda's expertise in engines. Honda was able to exploit this core competency to develop a variety of quality products from lawn mowers and snow blowers to trucks and automobiles. Time: Building resources usually takes time and continuous reinforcement, thereby giving first mover an advantage that is difficult to overcome. Honda was always a company which tries new technologies in their cars. Honda installed new technologies into their products, first as optional equipment, then later standard, like anti lock brakes, speed sensitive power steering, and multi-port fuel injection in the early 1980s way ahead of their competitors. This desire to be the first to try new approaches is evident with the...
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...…………………………………………………………... 14 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………..……….. 15-17 WORD COUNT Part 1: 2310 Part 2: 939 Total: 3249 WORD COUNT Part 1: 2310 Part 2: 939 Total: 3249 INTRODUCTION Peru is a dynamic, fast-growing South American economy poised for success in international markets. Some of Peru’s flagship export products are coffee and asparagus, but in recent years, it is an emerging producer of New World wines. Peru’s wine market supply is around 45 million litres, an increase of almost 10 million litres from five years ago (USDA, 2014). Peruvian climate is ideal for cultivation of grapes with strong character, where majority of its vineyards are concentrated on the Central coast. The wine industry is Peru has promising prospects for a foreign business investment, due to growing domestic consumption and global demand for high-quality and affordable wines. ………... PORTER’S NATIONAL DIAMOND ANALYSIS ………... 1.1 Factor Conditions 1.1.1 Physical Resources Andean soils are relatively young and are subject to erosion by water and winds because of the land gradient. The soil composition is loose sandy loam with high salinity (FAO, 2006). The coastal region of Peru is desert, intersected by valleys flowing from the Andes down to the sea. Peru has a per capita availability of 68,321m3 from 159...
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