...trees grow everywhere on earth. And if trees are dying, than how will our ecosystem survive? The reasons the trees are dying are due to being infected with a fungal disease, fires, infestation of insects, and weather based on where the trees are located. A research team said that “big, old trees are dying at an alarming fast clip around the world at all latitudes – Yosemite National Park in California, the African savanna, the Brazilian rain forest, Europe and the boreal forests around the world” (Robbins, 2012). This article is related to what I have learned in Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology, Chapter 5 (Starr, Evers, Star, 2013) about photosynthesis. Green plants create the food and oxygen that all animals need to survive which is through photosynthesis. It is fueled by the green pigment inside the plant cells called chlorophyll which absorbs the energy from sunlight. The plant’s leaves draw water molecules from the earth and absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and then recombine the water’s hydrogen with carbon and oxygen to make food releasing new oxygen. Plants manufacture their own food through photosynthesis. Plants release a lot of oxygen for the planet. The trees supply food and shelter for animals. And if the animals have no place to live than there is possibility of the animals becoming extinct. People need to know that if we continue to burn fossil fuels it causes an imbalance that contributes to global warming. Fossil fuels are...
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...A RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD - FUELING THE FUTURE WITH BIOMASS Malathi.N I year MBA, School of Management Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore. ABSTRACT Concerns about the availability and long-term supply of petroleum-derived fuels have caused the search for alternative sources of energy. After a century of unprecedented growth in science, technology, and the economy, we now face tremendous challenges to our ability to fuel the future: a fluctuating oil price, a changing climate, and continued dependence on unreliable energy sources. These problems are increasingly personal, and the demand for solutions becomes increasingly urgent. The ultimate solutions will only come from fundamental innovations in science and technology. Liquid fuels will for some applications be necessary for an indefinite period of time. Therefore, defining relevant feedstocks, producing fuels from these feedstocks and the properties of these fuels are critical issues. The utilization of biomass resources assumes importance due to the soaring crude price and depleting reserves of fossil fuels coupled with the rising environmental concern. Ethanol derived from renewable ligno-cellulosic biomass of non-edible variety has been identified globally as the future solution for meeting the energy demand. Apart from fuel and energy, biomass can also be the source of large number of derivatives. Biomass can be used for fuels, power production, and products that would otherwise be made...
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... |SCI/230 Version 7 | | |Introduction to Life Science | Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course applies a broad, conceptual understanding of biology. Students are introduced to scientific ideologies and concepts that not only shape our biological world, but also shape us as humans. Students examine the scientific method, evolution and biodiversity, the biology of cells, energy systems, the dynamics of inheritance, and the effect humans have on the environment. The text emphasizes methods and the theoretical foundations of ideas, while minimizing isolated facts. It stresses the integration of ideas, making connections that form our understanding of the living world. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If...
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...is an overflowing list of health issues that can be treated by consuming marijuana. The availability and distribution of hemp, and let’s not forget about the insane overflow of cash in tax revenue. This is not your average ‘dirty money’, this is supporting, providing, and bettering the lively hood for its resident’s type of money. It is time to throw away that stereotypical pot head image, and start understanding actuality. Let’s face it, when most people think about legalizing marijuana they probably are not thinking about how it can better their state. The profit that can be made is a major part of legalization that should not be ignored. Only 4 of states have legalized recreational marijuana and have taken advantage of all of the benefits, and then there are 24 states that are starting to get on board by having legalized marijuana medically. Take Colorado for example, one of the 4 states that has fully legalized recreational marijuana. When the state asked its people what they should do with all of the additional taxes gained from the sales of marijuana, they chose the less selfish road. The options they were given was to either return the $66 million of tax revenue back to the tax payer and pot grower or to give it to the state to be fairly distributed for public service. The majority of the vote, around 70 percent, agreed to use the revenue for schools and other public services in the state. So, where exactly is this money going and how is it even helping the state? Some...
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...There has been much discussion recently about global warming do you know what are the causes behind the global warming? The phrase Global Warming has specific meaning. "Global" means something above borders or international. "Warming" means an alarm that something bad will happen. The whole phrase means increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere that causes changes in climate around the whole world, which refers to the meaning of global. For years, global warming was a scientific theory nobody cared about except scientists. Since the 1970s, the scientists discovered the fact that the temperature of the earth is increasing, and that the environment will encounter a real problem because of the humans activities on the earth. Even in the late 2000s, both of the government sector and the private sector were still ignoring the issue, due to considering their own benefits. These worries sat the governments and the scientists to it take in consideration more than ever. Both of them started collaborating to conduct the problem. Thus, recently all of the classifications in the world's community neither they were scientists, politicians, students nor children became more and more interested and aware of the global warming issue, and the clue is that most people became more informed of what the global warming really means. Also, the media paid great attention to it by showing programs about it and interviewing experts specialized in this field particularly to inform people...
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...or development, and to think this may have been brought about by the same process that threatens us now is terrifying. It’s hard to predict and explain, but it’s clear that our enhancing greenhouse effect is solely due to anthropogenic activity and advancements in technology over the past 3 centuries. The human ability to design and innovate technology is marvelous, the numerous ways in which fossil fuels have been utilized to our benefit, through fuels, plastics and surprisingly almost every item in our day to day lives. It is these life-changing technological discoveries that catalyze the developments of new human eras. Without basic agricultural tools and plows we never could have moved away from subsistence hunting and gathering and thus provided the time to develop civilization. Writing allowed us to pass on our ideas and eventually the printing press made those ideas widely available. The wheel made movement easier and the steam engine gave us efficiency in that transport. Mass communication development and flight have massively shrunk the world, no longer is there a final frontier. Today,...
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...climate change global warming Heading There has been much discussion recently about global warming do you know what are the causes behind the global warming? The phrase Global Warming has specific meaning. "Global" means something above borders or international. "Warming" means an alarm that something bad will happen. The whole phrase means increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere that causes changes in climate around the whole world, which refers to the meaning of global. For years, global warming was a scientific theory nobody cared about except scientists. Since the 1970s, the scientists discovered the fact that the temperature of the earth is increasing, and that the environment will encounter a real problem because of the humans activities on the earth. Even in the late 2000s, both of the government sector and the private sector were still ignoring the issue, due to considering their own benefits. These worries sat the governments and the scientists to it take in consideration more than ever. Both of them started collaborating to conduct the problem. Thus, recently all of the classifications in the world's community neither they were scientists, politicians, students nor children became more and more interested and aware of the global warming issue, and the clue is that most people became more informed of what the global warming really means. Also, the media paid great attention to it by showing programs about it and interviewing experts specialized...
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...6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food Muscles in action. Sprinters, like all athletes, depend on cellular respiration to power their muscles. CHAPTER CONTENTS Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere 92 Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy 94 Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy 101 CHAPTER THREAD Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE What Causes Muscle Burn? EVOLUTION CONNECTION Life before and after Oxygen 91 102 103 Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters Track-and-field athletes usually have a favorite event in which they excel. Some runners specialize in sprints of 100 or 200 meters. Others excel at longer races of 1,500, 5,000, or even 10,000 m. It is unusual to find a runner who competes equally well in both 100-m and 10,000-m races; most runners are more comfortable running races of particular lengths. It turns out that there is a biological basis for such preferences. The muscles that move our legs contain two main types of muscle fibers: slow-twitch and fast-twitch. Slow-twitch muscle fibers can contract many times over a longer period but don’t generate a lot of quick power for the body. They perform better in endurance exercises requiring slow, steady muscle activity, such as marathons. Fast-twitch muscle fibers can contract more quickly and powerfully than slow-twitch fibers but also...
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...Biomass is a term for all organic material that stems from plants (including algae, trees and crops). Biomass is produced by green plants converting carbon dioxide using light into plant material through photosynthesis and includes all land- and waterbased vegetation, as well as all organic wastes. The biomass resource can be considered as organic matter, in which the energy of sunlight is stored in chemical bonds. When the bonds between adjacent carbon, hydrogen and oxygen molecules are broken by digestion, combustion, or decomposition, these substances release their stored chemical energy (Mckendry, 2002). Biomass has always been a major source of energy for mankind and is presently estimated to contribute of the order 10– 14% of the world’s...
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...sometimes plant-like, but lichens are not plants. Lichens may grow like a tiny, leafless, branching shrub (fruticose[->4]), like it has leaves (foliose[->5]), like a crust of paint on a surface (crustose[->6]),[4] or have other growth forms.[5] A macrolichen is a lichen that is either bush-like or leafy. A microlichen is everything else.[1] Here, "macro" and "micro" do not refer to size, but to the growth form.[1] Common names for lichens[->7] may contain the word "moss" (e.g., "Reindeer moss[->8]", "Iceland moss[->9]"), and lichens may superficially look like and grow with mosses, but lichens are not related to mosses or any plant.[3]:3 Lichens don't have roots that absorb water and nutrients like in plants.[6]:2 Instead they produce their own food from sunlight, air, water, and minerals in their environment.[7] They are not parasites[->10] on the plants they may grow on, but only use them as a substrate to grow on or in. Lichens occur from sea level[->11] to high alpine[->12] elevations, in a very wide range of environmental conditions, and can grow on almost any surface.[7] Lichens are abundant growing on bark, leaves, mosses, on other lichens,[6] and hanging from branches "living on thin air" (epiphytes[->13]) in rain forests[->14] and in temperate woodland[->15]. They grow on bare rock, walls, gravestones, roofs, exposed soil surfaces, and in the soil as part of a biological soil crust[->16]. They can survive in some of the most extreme environments on Earth: arctic tundra[->17]...
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...Wales CF23 8GL United Kingdom Website: www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 The International Baccalaureate Organization (known as the IB) offers four high-quality and challenging educational programmes for a worldwide community of schools, aiming to create a better, more peaceful world. This publication is one of a range of materials produced to support these programmes. The IB may use a variety of sources in its work and checks information to verify accuracy and authenticity, particularly when using community-based knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. The IB respects the principles of intellectual property and makes strenuous efforts to identify and obtain permission before publication from rights holders of all copyright material used. The IB is grateful for permissions received for material used in this publication and will be pleased to correct any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the IB, or as expressly permitted by law or by the IB’s own rules and policy. See http://www.ibo.org/copyright. IB merchandise and publications can be purchased through the IB store at http://store.ibo.org. Email: sales@ibo.org International Baccalaureate, Baccalauréat International and Bachillerato...
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...Hydroponic gardens grow hale and hearty crops with highest yields and vitamin content, thanks to their faultlessly balanced nutrient solutions and growing environments. Modern hydroponic methods make available food for millions of people all over the world, furnishing us with superior quality produce, even out of season. The National Horticulture Board and the National Horticulture mission by the Government of India provide substantial financial aid and subsidies on these type of projects. The Universities around the country are running various specialized training programs for farmers and young entrepreneurs and charge negligible...
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...particles produced by pollution. Trees also determine rainfall and replenish the atmosphere. As more water is able to be put back in the atmosphere, clouds form and provide another way to block out the sun’s heat. Trees are what cool and regulate the earth’s climate in conjunction with other such valuable services as preventing erosion, landslides, and making the most infertile soil rich with life (Connor, 2009). To be considered a rainforest, the forest must get at least 80 inches of rain per year. Most tropical rainforests get anywhere from 160 to 400 inches of rain a year; however, in some tropical rainforests, sudden downpours of rain can cause streams to rise 10-20 feet in a couple of hours (Jeantheau, 2006). Rainforests create their own mini-climates; the water that evaporates from the forest forms clouds above the area and later falls as rain. Not all of the water stays local, of course, but in the Amazon rain forest, 50-80% of the water remains in...
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...air-conditioning and a double garage. Most electricity is generated by burning coal. A constant and growing demand for red meat. Cattle belch out methane, a toxic greenhouse gas, much more dangerous than carbon dioxide. More and more forests and bushland, which absorb carbon dioxide from the air, are being cut down so more cattle can graze. A reduction in the planet's ability to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The earth has natural sources of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas), and has had long before mankind began altering the environment, but the earth has natural means to actually remove some greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide which is removed by plants (especially dense, tall forests) through photosynthesis. Global deforestation...
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...(creating), at the least, the elements of the periodic table up to iron. Science finds that 99.6% of the human body is comprised of 11 elements. 54 trace elements make up the rest of the body. We are made of star dust. Each atom in our bodies is at least 5 billion years old. I wonder where all they have been in that time. This is one big reason to start teaching the Periodic Table of Elements in the 1st Grade. Start with 5 elements that they encounter everyday: Oxygen (air) and Hydrogen (water); add Carbon and make carbon dioxide, carbohydrates and fats; add Nitrogen and you've got proteins; and for brushing those teeth we'll add fluorine for the fluoride in toothpaste. Each year add new elements and processes that make our bodies, our world, and the entire universe work. No fear, no confusion, no intimidation. Atoms build molecules, compounds and materials through electro-magnetic bonding. All living organisms...
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