...Choosing the Most Effective Treatment for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Sabra Serreyn PSYCH3002 Developing a Psychological Perspective Controversies in Psychology Position Paper Capella University December, 2015 Abstract This paper discusses the most effective treatment for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Increasing research has been recommending a combination of both pharmaceutical and psychotherapy treatments. DuPaul and White (2006) state that both the disruptive behavior and genetic aspects need to be addressed, therefore recommending treatment of both medication and behavioral intervention. There has also been a spike in psychiatrists suggesting alternative options in place of medication. Block and Smith (2015) express concern for the side effects of medication and should focus on the behavioral modification aspects. With that being said, the authors do state that medication may help in conjunction with behavioral therapy. Others argue that medication is the answer to resolving symptoms of ADHD because it can repair gray matter in a certain part of the brain. The conclusion comes together stating that all symptoms and treatments need to be taken into consideration in developing a combination therapy strategy. This is the most advantageous and ethical manner of working with a diagnosis. Choosing the Most Effective Treatment for ADHD Diagnosing children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity...
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...POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER Abstract This paper offers a clear understanding of posttraumatic stress disorder. Its signs, symptoms, treatment, and preventions. This disorder is commonly known to affect individuals who have been in wars and/or affected by a death of a beloved one. The disorder however varies from person to person in which each uses a different method of approach. It is believed Posttraumatic Disorder (PTSD) is mostly cured through therapeutic treatments, while many of these patients are on antipsychotic drugs which futermore produces unwanted side effects. Individuals with PTSD tend to have problems with transferring short-term to long-term memory. However, there is not a specific way patient memories are affected. PTSD affects more than 3 million people in the U.S alone. This paper will further analyze insights and reports from other experts on managing Posttraumatic stress disorder more proficiently. Introduction This topic center concerns mental and emotional problems people experience in the wake of 'trauma', where trauma is understood to refer to an event involving being a victim of or witness to atrocity, violence, true horror and/or the death of another or near death of one’s self. Examples might include rape, murder, torture, accidents, terrorism, etc. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) describes two trauma disorders: acute stress disorder, and...
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...Pathology of Leukemia as it Relates to Nursing Roles Abiodun Salisu Coppin State University 10/20/15 The human body undergoes many changes during one’s lifetime. Interactions between the physical environment and internal systems account for many of the changes that constitute health and illness. The presence of disunity among any of the body’s organ systems presents an opportunity for disease to occur. The nursing profession focuses on promoting and achieving optimal health (Ventura, Mendes, Fumincelli & Trevizan, 2015). Nursing has evolved to respond to the needs of the population it serves and the health system it operates within (Ventura, Mendes, Fumincelli & Trevizan, 2015). Nurses have also...
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...attacks are a sudden urge of overwhelming fear and anxiety. There are many myths that surround panic attacks such as it is all in one’s head, it is not a real illness, make one face the fear head on, a sign that one is going insane. Other myths include that one will be on medication for the rest of their life, cause internal damage as a heart attack would, there is no treatment, and it is as an excuse. These types of rumors or beliefs can cause one to not seek professional help. Past treatments for anxiety in eighteen seventies were to refrain from exercise as anxiety was considered to be nervous exhaustion and it was straining the nervous system. Other harsher treatments were strychnine, arsenic, and quinine. For severe cases, a hot white iron was applied to the spine. In the year nineteen twenty, exposure to the fear, and radionics was used. It was believed that it vibrated healthy energy to unhealthy body parts. In the year nineteen seventy Aaron Beck founded the cognitive behavior theory (CBT). This treatment suggested that patience should change their thought patterns from negative to positive. In today’s day and age, prescription medication is used, for example, valium which is also known as mother’s little helper, Xanax, and...
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...that art therapy began in Australia in 1950’s. Artists like Guy Grey-Smith and psychiatrists like Eric Cunningham-Dax and Ainslie Mears were pioneers in this field. Cunningham-Dax (1908-2008) a leading psychologist who migrated from UK emphasised on the separation of art activity and art psychotherapy (Westwood & Linnell, 2001). The period of 1950s and 1960s marked the growth of art therapy in UK and USA. Several Australians travelled overseas to undertake education and returned in 1980s to contribute to this growing profession. Art therapy in Australia has been largely influenced by these returning Australians and conferences that supported the professions emergence (Westwood & Linnell, 2001). As art therapy...
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...Diagnosis, Treatments and Causes of Leukemia Leukemia is cancer of the blood-forming tissues and it strikes all ages and both sexes. Leukemia is a term given to a group of malignant diseases of the bone marrow and lymphatic system. In a person with leukemia, the bone marrow makes abnormal white blood cells (Wong, 2007). The abnormal cells are leukemia cells, unlike normal blood cells; leukemia cells don't die when they should. They may crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This makes it hard for normal blood cells to do their work (Wong, 2007). This can lead to serious problems such as anemia, bleeding, and infections. Leukemia cells can also spread to the lymph nodes or other organs and cause swelling or pain. This paper examines how leukemia is diagnosed, the main types of treatment of leukemia and possible causes of leukemia (Bhojwani, 2009). Diagnosis of Leukemia Leukemia may be acute or chronic. Acute leukemia gets worse very fast and will make a person feel sick right away. Chronic leukemia gets worse slowly and may not cause symptoms for years. Doctors typically find leukemia after a routine blood test, when a patient has symptoms that suggest leukemia. Symptoms may depend on what type of leukemia a person has, but common symptoms are fever and night sweats, headaches, bruising or bleeding easily, bone or joint pain, a swollen or painful belly from an enlarged spleen, swollen lymph nodes, feeling very tired or weak, losing weight and not...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis, criteria, symptoms Personality disorders are estimated to affect about ten to twenty percent of the general population (Sadock & Sadock 2007). Individuals with borderline personality disorders fall under the category of Cluster B personality disorders, which are characterized by dramatic, impulsive, and erratic features, which include narcissistic, antisocial, borderline, and dramatic personality disorders. (Sadock & Sadock 2007) According to the DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic for Borderline Personality Disorder, the criteria for Borderline Personality is “A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: 1. 1.Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment 2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by 3. alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation 4. identity disturbance, markedly and persistently unstable self image or sense of self 5. impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging 6. recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self mutilating...
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...1) First impressions of child within initial 15 minutes: The child was very friendly to me right when I came into the classroom she greeted me saying hello. My target child is very quiet she did not speak at all to anyone she would just do her assigned class work. Indeed she is very neat. She had no papers on her desk and inside of her desk was very organized. 2) Describe the activities the child participated in during your observation. During my observation for my first time visit she was seeing her occupational therapist. The first assignment she told me target child to do was to get four marble balls out of silly pudding. She completed this lesson fully and this was a great hands activity. The next activity she did with my target child...
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...Epidemiology and HIV Jody Houghton Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V-0191 Sandra White October 18, 2014 Epidemiology and HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, is a virus that attacks specific cells in the human immune system weakening the body so it cannot fight off infection. HIV is a major public health concern in the United States with an estimated 1.1 million Americans infected, and 1 out of 5 people don’t even know they have it (www.healthypeople.gov). The virus is transmitted by blood or certain body fluids, which must come in contact with mucous membranes of another person for transmission to occur. Currently no cure exists, but with effective interventions the risk of transmission is greatly decreased (www.cdc.gov). HIV affects the CD4, or T cells of the immune system. The disease uses these cells to replicate itself, and in the process destroying the T cells. In turn, the body cannot fight off infections, and AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome manifests (www.cdc.gov). It is believed that the virus originally was present in chimpanzees in West Africa, and transmitted to humans when the chimpanzees were hunted for their meat as far back as the 1800’s (www.cdc.gov). The early signs of the virus are like many other viruses, fever, swollen glands, sore throat, rash, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, and headache (www.aids.gov).Testing is the only way to know for sure if you have the virus. Home testing kits are now...
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...increased risk for injury as well as specific injuries that correlate with a respective sport. There is a particular disease that can occur in a number of sports activities called Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD). It is named after two surgeons who originally founded the diagnosis in 1903. The biggest aspect of Osgood-Schlatter (OS), is that its target population are adolescents during periods of growth. The condition is not a disease that causes permanent or long-term disabilities. This paper will further discuss the different aspects of OS such as the main cause, common reported symptoms, varying forms of treatment, prevention methods and different physical therapy implications. Cause and Etiology The exact etiology of OS is idiopathic, making it unknown and debated over the years. The common theory is OS is an injury due to overuse. (Whitmore, 2013). It is believed that OS is caused by repetitive, forceful contractions of the quadriceps muscle tendon pulling on the “immature tibial tuberosity” (Tuong, White, 2011). This repeated traction force can be strong enough to pull bone fragments off the tuberosity or in worse cases, pull the proximal portion of the tendon off the tibia causing the tuberosity to become elevated resulting in pain and inflammation (Sullivan, 2014). The reason the condition is viewed at such a high level of importance is because the tuberosity is located on the epiphyseal plate: the site of long bone growth of every adolescent boy and girl. It is a “self-limited”...
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...unknown. There is no cure. There are medications used to help treat the symptoms of MS, such as corticosteriods and interferons. It is diagnosed after an MRI of two different parts of the CNS show lesions that occurred at two separate times. The doctor must rule out any other possible explanation before diagnosing the patient. MS is very stressful for the patient and family. Planning ahead is the best option for families to help them cope with the disease. There are approximately one in seven-hundred and fifty people that have the diagnosis at any given time. MS is more common in temperate areas and unusual in tropical areas. It is extremely rare in Africans. MS is known as a disease of the white matter because the lesions generally appear in the white matter. The location of the lesions dictates the type of deficits that will occur. Scientists believe there are many causes that haven’t been discovered yet. One hypothesis is environmental factors or events such as a virus, bacteria, chemical or lack of sun exposure acts with the genetic predisposition...
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...Depression Paper Gabrielle Piperno PSY 270 January 12, 2014 Stephanie Sencil-White Depression Paper Depression is defined as a low, sad state in which life seems dark with overwhelming challenges (Comer, 2012). Mania is considered the opposite of depression as it results in feeling of euphoria and frenzied energy; these two definitions combined are classified as bipolar disorder (Comer, 2012). Unipolar depression is when an individual suffers from depression that lacks bouts of mania (Comer, 2012). Depression, and or symptoms of depression, can affect everyone during one or more stages of life. Some individuals experience times in their lives when they consider themselves to be depressed; in actuality this is most likely a normal mood swing due to a temporary unpleasant circumstance. Upon information and belief, nearly 7 percent of the adult population in the United States suffers from a severe form of unipolar depression, with 5 percent of American’s suffering from mild forms of depression (Comer, 2012). Of the percentage of individuals suffering from unipolar depression, at least 50 percent of those individuals recover anywhere from 6 weeks to one year; in certain case treatment was not required (Comer, 2012). There are many cause that can be attributed to depression and unipolar forms of depression; some of these causes are due to biological factors and environmental factors (Comer, 2012). Neurotransmitters, when defective, may lead to depression. It is believed that...
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...Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Reaction Paper Denise Dugan California Baptist University Author Note This paper is being submitted to Dr. Kristen White in partial fulfillment for the requirements for MFT Counseling Techniques, PSY 525, on March 1, 2014. Abstract Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group therapy approach that utilizes mindfulness techniques and cognitive therapy for depression relapse prevention. This paper will reflect the effectiveness of MBCT from a personal worldview. It will also discuss if MBCT can be utilized in different areas of psychological treatment including: marriage and family therapy, patients with anxiety, culturally diverse groups, and in working with religious patients. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Reaction Paper Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group therapy treatment that integrates mindfulness and cognitive therapy practices to help individuals that suffer from recurrent depression in the prevention of depression relapse. Zindel Segal, John Teasdale, and Mark Williams developed MBCT, which was adapted from the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) work of Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center for helping people with chronic physical illnesses (Sipe & Eisendrath, 2011). The core element of this treatment modality is mindfulness. MBCT teaches focus on the here and now and to be mindful of the thoughts that are taking place. Mindfulness...
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...underneath and causing a plethora of individual, couple, and family crises. A crisis can cause the physical, mental, and emotional strain on an individual, and family. There are times when counseling is an option, and times were due to cultural factors counseling is not warranted. There are many different types of family and individual crises. To be discussed in this paper is a suicide and infidelity crisis. Interventions, and assessments will also be discussed. The Crisis of Suicide Workers who deal with any type of crisis client should always assess for the presence of clues and risk factors for lethal behavior. The...
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...ADHD During, childhood one of the most common neuropsychological and behavioral disorders affecting behaviors emerges in children and adults pertains to ADHD (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, pp. 64-65). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder disrupts the process of learning in children as well as others in the classroom, home, and the workplace. Often, children demonstrating these behaviors are impetuous and reckless thereby disruptive in activities at home, school, and play whereby hindering the child’s or adult’s abilities to learn and perform. This paper will provide an explication of ADHD and the common symptoms along with the rates of managing, and reducing the symptoms implemented in three treatments in methods selected in treating the disorder. Furthermore, an analysis will explicate the neurophysiological underpinnings, and contemporary attitudes of the selected interventions video games, family therapy, and Ritalin. Cause and characteristics of ADHD The symptoms of ADHD affect three to five percent of children in the United States that serves as the leading cause of underachievement as well as school failures (Parksepp, 1998). In the past the disorder incurred numerous labels “such as,” hyperkinetic reaction, hyperactive syndrome, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, and a minimal dysfunction of the brain. Males “in contrast,” to females because of underdiagnosing are more likely to endure ADHD symptoms. Nevertheless, the disorder focuses more on...
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