...economic aspect of judicial activism in India with regard to transaction costs and opportunity costs. The author will first introduce judicial review and its correlation with judicial activism talking about instances when the latter is helpful and can be used, and the concept of separation of powers. Following which the author, once having clarified the concepts, will discuss the economic aspect of it. This analysis will determine whether judicial activism in the area of siphoning of government funds, provides any cost benefits, as to reduction of costs and the magnitude of its impact on the economy. To meet the ends of justice and ensure equality to all sections of the society especially the disadvantaged one, PIL was brought into effect in India with a view to fulfil these objectives which are in consonance with the objects enshrined in the Article 39A of the Constitution of India. During emergency there was lot of repression and governmental lawlessness; thousands of people were sent to jail with complete denial of their civil and political rights. Post emergency two judges Justices P.N. Bhagwati and V.R. Krishna Ayer have played a key role in promoting this avenue of approaching the apex court to the poor and the disadvantaged section of the society, seeking legal remedies in areas where public interests are at stake. The first reported case of PIL was in 1979 focussed on inhuman conditions of prisoners and under trial prisoners. PIL has been proved as one of the most inexpensive...
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...internal and external bleeding. There are an estimated 100,000 hemophiliacs in India. Sufferers can only survive and lead relatively normal lives if the disease is treated with an expensive drug called Anti-Hemophilic Factor (AHF). Review of Literature – Anita Kara et al, (2014) India lacks a national policy on the prevention and control of genetic disorders. Although the haemoglobinopathies have received some attention, there are scarce data on the epidemiology of other genetic disorders in India. Using the population...
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...Xantham gum Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide, derived from the bacterial coat of Xanthomonas campestris, used as a food additive and rheologymodifier,[2] commonly used as a food thickening agent (in salad dressings, for example) and a stabilizer (in cosmetic products, for example, to prevent ingredients from separating). It is produced by the fermentation of glucose, sucrose, or lactose by the Xanthomonas campestrisbacterium. After a fermentation period, the polysaccharide is precipitated from a growth medium with isopropyl alcohol, dried, and ground into a fine powder. Later, it is added to a liquid medium to form the gum.[3] It was discovered by an extensive research effort by Allene Rosalind Jeanes and her research team at the United States Department of Agriculture anthan gum derives its name from the strain of bacteria used during the fermentation process, Xanthomonas campestris One of the most remarkable properties of xanthan gum is its ability to produce a large increase in the viscosity of a liquid by adding a very small quantity of gum, on the order of one percent. In most foods, it is used at 0.5%, and can be used in lower concentrations. The viscosity of xanthan gum solutions decreases with higher shear rates; this is called shear thinning or pseudoplasticity. This means that a product subjected to shear, whether from mixing, shaking or even chewing, will thin out, but once the shear forces are removed, the food will thicken back up. A practical use would be in salad...
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...| | | | | | | | | | | | AGENSI ANTIDADAH KEBANGSAAN KEMENTERIAN DALAM NEGERI Laporan Dadah November 2012 KANDUNGAN MUKA SURAT STATISTIK PENAGIH DADAH ………………………………….…………..2 - 5 PROFIL PENAGIH……………………………………………………………..6 - 20 | |• Etnik | | | | | | | | |• Jantina | | | | | | | | |• Umur | | | | | | | | |• Pekerjaan | | | | | | | | |• Tahap Pendidikan | | | ...
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...report to a former judge. Under the Cr. Pc., the court cannot take over investigation though it can appoint any one to investigate impartially to its satisfaction. In another case, Nandini Sundar- vs- Chhattisgarh, the apex court declared the appointment of special police officers (SPO) under the policy of arming of a civilian vigilante group, the Salwa Judum. In both these cases, the court has lambasted the neo-liberal economic policy of the government and held it responsible for the growth of black money and invidious inequality which has led to the menace of Naxalism. Both judgments are replete with condemnation of the state’s “amoral” economic policies in florid language. The question is: Are judges competent to do it? Chief Justice of India S. H. Kapadia, while delivering the Motilal Setalvad Memorial Lecture, diagnosed the disease properly and cautioned his colleagues against breaching the doctrine of separation of powers: “We do not have the competence to make policy choices and run the administration…Under the doctrine of separation of powers, each of the above organs must stay within the powers allocated by the constitution.” Justice Kapadia rightly raised the issue of accountability. If one examines all the above cases it is pretty clear that judicial activism is against the legislative hegemony but the question may arise is it against democracy? Legislative is a democratic body. It gains the authority from...
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...Judiciary: An Alarmbell not a Timekeeper Abstract Judiciary is one of the most important organ of the Government and can be considered as a sleeping giant because in more than one occasion it fills the void created by the the other two organs of the Government viz Legislature and Executive. By doing so it reposes people’s faith constitutional setup .It doesn’t mean that the other two organs of the Government are subsidiary to Judiciary but every branch is supreme in its own right and is complementary and supplementary in nature. Without judiciary we would have been like Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan etc. hence it saved the nation from eminent collapse. But at the same time this active role of judiciary is good only in the short run because the Judges lack in technicality of subject matter and they are not elected by the people and hence not accountable to them Judiciary is only a temporary respite or a painkiller and not a permanent solution of the maladies of the system. Keywords: separation of powers, legislature, executive, judiciary, constitutional setup. Judiciary: An Alarmbell not a Timekeeper With the expansionist role of the Government in the developing countries the necessity of judicial control over administration became much more pronounced. The main task of judiciary is to protect individual citizens...
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...CODE: B IN THE HONOURABLE SUPREME COURT OF SINDYA IN THE MATTER OF: NORTH EASTERN DRY ZONE TALUKAS ANTI CLOUD SEEDING ASSOCIATION……………………………………………………..….......... PETITIONER VERSUS STATE OF NUDI………………………………………………………………....RESPONDENT ON SUBMISSION TO THE HONOURABLE SUPREME COURT JUDGES MOST RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED COUNSEL FOR THE PETITIONER ULC Bangalore, XVI All India Moot Court Competition, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX OF AUTHORITIES………………………………………………………………………3 INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS.………...…………………………………………………………9 SYNOPSIS……………………………………………………………………………………..10 STATEMENT OF FACTS……………………………………………………………………….11 STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION………………………………………………………………12 STATEMENT OF ISSUES………………………………………………………………………13 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS………………………………………………………………….14 ARGUMENTS ADVANCED…………………………………………………………………….15 I. THE PRESENT WRIT PETITION IS MAINTAINABLE……………………………………15 A. Petitioner has the Locus Standi to file the writ petition……………………………...15 B. There is a violation of fundamental rights……………………………………………17 a) There is a violation of the fundamental right under Article 14 of the Constitution………………………………………………………………………...17 b) There is a violation of the fundamental right under Article 19(1) (g) of the Constitution…………………………………………………………………………18 c) There is a violation of the fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution………………………………………………………………………...18 II. THE STATE LEGISLATION IS NOT COMPETENT TO PASS THE “NUDI...
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...Outsourcing: The Government, the People and the Companies Jeffrey W. Coleman Webster University Abstract Making a decision about whether or not to move these activities offshore is a decision of far-reaching consequences. Developing countries have been unable to radically alter their industrial structure due to numerous internal institutional and external technological barriers. Consequently, they have sought global participation through outsourcing activities. This is indeed a break from the traditional self-reliant way of doing business. Outsourcing arrangements are technologically and organizationally complex, and present a variety of challenges to manage effectively. Outsourcing benefits include cost savings, quality improvement, and the ability of the organization to concentrate time and resources on its core business. Outsourcing trends change from year to year, and usually involve changes such as progressive outsourcing, cloud sourcing, mergers between organizations from different parts of the world and protectionism. In this paper we will look at a few of these areas such as the how in recent years the business practice of outsourcing jobs has been considered both a blessing for American business and a concern for the American worker, the amount of outsourcing being done and why, the affect on the economy in the United States, and the role government plays in outsourcing. The paper concludes, however, that the trend is just beginning and how our country...
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...|IPM Project Report | | | | | |Investment Portfolio Creation | |using | | | |Investment Philosophy – of Joel Greenblatt’s | |[pic] | | | | | | ...
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...IB economics - internal assessment Name - Title of the article - MCHI-Credai moves court against VAT Source of the article- http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-28/india-business/34779915_1_flat-buyers-mchi-credai-vat Date article was published- 28/10/2012 Date article was written on - 08/01/2013 Word count - 662 Section of the syllabus the article relates to - Section 1:Microeconomics MCHI-Credai moves court against VAT Rajshri Mehta, TNN Oct 28, 2012, 12.37AM IST MUMBAI: Two days before the deadline for developers to pay value-added tax (VAT) on October 31, the Bombay high court will take up a couple of petitions challenging the levy. Leading the charge is the Maharashtra Chamber of Housing Industry-Confederation of Real Estate Developers Association of India (MCHI-Credai), the representative body of builders in the state, and the Pune-based Marathi Bandkam. Their petition backs up a PIL moved by Grahak Hitawardhini, a consumer organization in Pune. MCHI-Credai and Marathi Bandkam have argued that the government has ignored the fact that they constructed and sold flats under the Maharashtra Owners of Flats Act. "The building is constructed at our cost and without buyers having control over any activities of purchasing land to getting development permissions. The sale, thus, does not constitute a works contract and, hence, VAT cannot...
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...Indian economy up to 1947: * Low use of technology * Dependent on imports * Exporter or raw materials, mainly to England * Completely destroyed traditional industries * Nascent stages of development of a small group of capitalists Debate on type of economic system to be adopted: * Capitalist v/s socialist * Bombay plan of 1944 * USA v/s USSR * Prevailing socio economic conditions Beginning of FYPs * Borrowed the concept from USSR * Tweaked it according to prevailing situations * Nehru Mahalanobis model * Emphasis on self reliance, PSUs, and vibrant SMEs * Trickledown effect and strong basic industries * Criticism Some important events: * 1948- Pakistan war * 1962- China war * 1965- Pakistan war * 1971- Liberation of Bangladesh * 1970s- oil and energy crises * 1975- Emergency * 1991- BOP crisis From 1947-1979: * First FYP 1951-1956- emphasis on Agriculture * Second FYP 1956-1961- emphasis on industry * Third FYP 1961- 1966 – balance between both * Three yearly plans from 1966-1969 * Nationalization of banks 1969 * Up to now most of the banks except SBI were owned by private individuals * 14 banks were nationalized. They had about 85 percent of the total deposits * Fourth FYP 1969-1974- emphasis on social justice * Whatever liberal measures initiated since independence were reversed * Recall the events discussed earlier *...
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...information on government policies which is very important for the success of environmental policies. The starting point of environmental protection is the fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy which underline our national commitment to protect and improve the environment. The interpretation given to article 21 of the Constitution contained in the Fundamental Rights has added new dimensions to the quality of life and its relating effect on the environment. The Constitution of India as originally enacted did not contain any specific provision to deal with environmental pollution though Article 47 made an indirect reference to improvement of public health as one of the primary duties of the state. Article 51 (c) provides that the state shall endeavour to foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one and another. Article 253 of the Constitution specifically empowers parliament to make any law for the whole or part of india for implementing any treaty, agreement or convention with any other country or any decision made at any international conference. This has been held in conformity with the 1972 UN conference on Human Environment at Stockholm and the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development Rio de Janeiro. The authority vested in the parliament under the provisions contained in article 253 has been exercised in enacting the air act and the environment...
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...Introduction to HUL Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is India's largest Fast Moving Consumer Goods Company with a heritage of over 75 years in India and touches the lives of two out of three Indians. HUL works to create a better future every day and helps people feel good, look good and get more out of life with brands and services that are good for them and good for others. With over 35 brands spanning 20 distinct categories such as soaps, detergents, shampoos, skin care, toothpastes, deodorants, cosmetics, tea, coffee, packaged foods, ice cream, and water purifiers, the Company is a part of the everyday life of millions of consumers across India. Its portfolio includes leading household brands such as Lux, Lifebuoy, Surf Excel, Rin, Wheel, Fair & Lovely, Pond’s, Vaseline, Lakmé, Dove, Clinic Plus, Sunsilk, Pepsodent, Closeup, Axe, Brooke Bond, Bru, Knorr, Kissan, Kwality Wall’s and Pureit. The Company has over 16,000 employees and has an annual turnover of around Rs. 21,736 crores (financial year 2011 - 2012). HUL is a subsidiary of Unilever, one of the world’s leading suppliers of fast moving consumer goods with strong local roots in more than 100 countries across the globe with annual sales of about €46.5 billion in 2011. Unilever has about 52% shareholding in HUL. Our vision Unilever products touch the lives of over 2 billion people every day – whether that's through feeling great because they've got shiny hair and a brilliant smile, keeping their homes fresh...
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...Int. J. Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, Vol. 2, Nos. 1/2, 2009 7 Globalisation of the automotive industry: main features and trends Timothy J. Sturgeon Industrial Performance Center (IPC), MIT, 292 Main Street (E38-104), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA E-mail: sturgeon@mit.edu Olga Memedovic* United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna International Centre, A-1440 Vienna, Austria E-mail: O.Memedovic@unido.org *Corresponding Author Johannes Van Biesebroeck Department of Economics, University of Toronto, 150 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G7,Canada E-mail: jovb@chass.utoronto.ca Gary Gereffi Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0088, USA E-mail: ggere@soc.duke.edu Abstract: This paper lays out the main features of the global automotive industry and identifies several important trends. A boom in developing country sales and production has not yet overshadowed the importance of existing markets in developed regions. Regional integration is very strong at an operational level, yet the industry has recently developed a set of global-scale value chain linkages, and retains national and local elements as well. The paper highlights how global, regional, national and local value chains are nested to create a pattern of global integration that is distinctive to the industry. We use global value chain analysis to help explain the limits of build-to-order in the industry, the role of regional and global suppliers...
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...Environmental Protection - Recognizing the human right Pursuit to save the environmental life. Rashmi Shukla (Author) and Titiksha Shrivastava (Co-Author) 09/25/2012 Rashmi Shukla1 Titiksha Shrivastava2 Environmental Protection: Recognizing the Human Right Human rights, these are the basic fundamental rights guaranteed to every human under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and rights guaranteed to every citizen of India under the constitution of India. Article 21 of the India constitution has often been referred to as the spirit of Indian constitution, the article states that “Nobody shall be deprived of his Right to life and personal liberty except by the procedure established by law”. Prima facie the Article seems to be very concise but through various precedents and judicial dictions the Indian judiciary has recognized various facets pertaining to the article. The article briefly explains the duty of State to provide safe and healthy environment to its citizens as the part of Directive Principle of State Policy provided under Article 36-51 of the Indian Constitution. This paper seeks to marginalize the relation between human rights and Environmental protection by seeking the relation between environment and its effect on human life. The paper also adjudicates the...
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