...order for a human to function properly. Heredity is the biological process of inheriting certain traits of physical and mental qualities through generations from each parent at the time of conception. Hormones are the development of a person their growth; the ability to concentrate, aggressiveness, sexual drive, reproduction, metabolism and play a major role on the ability to learn and the type of mood a person is in. The endocrine system plays a key role in helping to “coordinate and integrate complex psychological reactions” (Morris & Maisto, pg. 65, 2010). It consists of the pituitary gland; pineal gland, the thyroid gland, the parathyroid gland, the pancreas, gonads, ovaries, and the adrenal glands. Each one of the glands in the endocrine system secretes a different hormone right into the bloodstream which then is responsible for a different function. For example, the thyroid gland is located “below the larynx” it produces the hormone called thyroxin which “regulates the body’s rate of metabolism and thus how alert and energetic people are and how fat or thin they tend to be” (Morris & Maisto, pg. 66, 2010). An overactive thyroid can produce different systems such as; reduced attention span, insomnia, and over excitability. According to Morris & Maisto “too little thyroxin leads to constantly feeling tired and wanting to sleep (pg. 66, 2010). The gonad (testes in males and ovaries in female) secretes hormones known as the androgens for male and estrogen hormone...
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...The Endocrine System OBJECTIVES Give the functions of the endocrine system Define hormones, endocrine and exocrine glands Enumerate and state the location of the endocrine glands of the body Explain the role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in endocrine function Describe how hypothalamus regulates hormone secretion from the pituitary Describe how the pituitary gland regulates the secretion of hormones from other endocrine glands Describe the different endocrine glands of the body based on the following: Structure Hormones produced Target cells for each hormone Principal action of each hormone WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM? Identify the 2 major types of endocrine conditions and give examples of each OVERALL FUNCTION OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Water balance Uterine contractions & milk release Growth, metabolism, & tissue maturation Ion regulation Heart rate & blood pressure regulation Blood glucose control Immune system regulation Reproductive functions control REGULATION OF EFFECTORS TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS 1 HORMONES Comes from the greek word hormaein which means “to excite” Mediator molecules released by the glands of the endocrine system Overview of the Endocrine System System of ductless glands that secrete hormones Hormones are “messenger molecules” Circulate in the blood Act on distant target cells Target cells respond to the hormones for...
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...never seen or just the spitting image of our parents. In my paper, I will compare and contrast the influence of heredity and hormones on human behavior, by discussing our endocrine system, identifying of hormones and the glands responsible for secreting them, and genetics. Heredity and Hormones Heredity is the genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring. Also it is the sum of characteristics and associated potentialities transmitted genetically to individual organism. Hormones are messengers that secreted by cell or gland. Hormones cause our moods to change, controls our reproductive system, cause us to hungry or crave a certain food. Imagine that our body is a house under construction, heredity is the blueprint, and hormones are the construction workers (Lyke, December 2009). The Endocrine System If hormones are the construction workers, then endocrine system is the contractor (Lyke, December 2009). Endocrine System made up of seven glands that regulates, get together, and controls our body functions. Our nervous system uses electricity to control our body, our endocrine system uses chemicals. The chemicals are secreted from the following eight glands: * pineal gland – secretes melatorin, *...
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...Endocrine System Unit |Title: Endocrine System | |Subject/Course: Anatomy and Physiology | | | | | |Topic: Endocrine System | |Grade: 11/12 | |Designer(s): Browning | | | | ...
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...Endocrine glands hypothalamus: The hypothalamus is a part of the brain located superior and anterior to the brain stem and inferior to the thalamus. It helps many different functions in the nervous system, and is also responsible for the direct control of the endocrine system through the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus contains special cells called neurosecretory cells—neurons that secrete Pituitary gland: The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small pea-sized lump of tissue connected to the inferior portion of the hypothalamus of the brain. Many blood vessels surround the pituitary gland to carry the hormones it releases throughout the body. Situated in a small depression in the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica, the pituitary gland is actually made of 2 completely separate structures: the posterior and anterior pituitary Anterior Pituitary: the true glandular part of the pituitary gland. The function of the anterior pituitary gland is controlled by the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary produces 6 important hormones: Thyroid gland: The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck and wrapped around the lateral sides of the trachea. The thyroid gland produces 3 major hormones: Parathyroid gland: are 4 small masses of glandular tissue found on the posterior side of the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands produce the hormone parathyroid hormone (PTH), which...
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...The glands in human body are of two types. One is exocrine glands and the other is endocrine glands. Endocrine glands These are ductless glands that secrete substances directly into the blood and which influence metabolism, body growth, development, activity, repair and other bodily functions. The endocrine glands are the glands of internal secretion. Below are the major endocrine glands in the endocrine system; Pituitary gland – The Pituitary gland is sometimes called the "master" gland of the endocrine system, because it controls the functions of the other endocrine glands. The Pituitary gland is no larger than a pea, and is located at the base of the brain. The gland is attached to the hypothalamus (a part of the brain that affects the pituitary gland) by nerve fibres. The Pituitary gland itself consists of three sections: • the anterior lobe • the intermediate lobe • the posterior lobe The anterior lobe produces hormones stimulating the Thyroid gland, the Adrenal glands, ovarian follicles, Ovaries and Testes. It also produces hormones to stimulate milk production in females after giving birth. The intermediate lobe produces hormones that control the skins pigmentation. The posterior lobe produces hormones to increase absorption of water into the blood by the kidneys and hormones to contract the uterus during childbirth and stimulate milk production. Pineal gland – The Pineal gland is about the size of a pea, and is in the centre of the brain in a tiny cave...
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...Foundations of Psychology Paper Geni Mayes PSY300 10/11/2013 Ashley Dolecki Foundations of Psychology Paper The five major schools of thought in psychology are psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanistic psychology, Gestalt psychology, and cognitive psychology. However, there are many sub-categories to each of these basic schools each of them deals with all aspects from biological to environmental. The main different schools of psychology that vary both in attitude and in methods of working are these that consist of the Freudian, Jungian and Adlerian schools as well as Gestalts, behaviorist, and cognitive schools. Behaviorism is the term and school of thought from B. F. Skinner, who mainly focused on observable behavior. . His goal was of relating behavior to experimental conditions. Skinner had several theories in regard to operant conditioning. Skinner believed that learning is a function of overt behavior and changes in an individual’s behavior is a result of events that occur in the individual’s environment (Morris & Maisto, 2010). Psychoanalysis was invented by Sigmund Freud, who believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id, the ego, and the superego. This school of thought emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Psychoanalysis delves into the innermost parts of the mind and reveals the causes of individual thoughts and behaviors. Freud researched repression, immorality of the subconscious, memory, par amnesia...
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...Heredity and Hormones BEH 225 October 20, 20011 The endocrine system is a system of glands and each gland has a type of hormone that secretes directly into the bloodstream. It helps coordinate and integrate complex psychological reactions the endocrine system, it also works with the nervous system because together they are constantly transferring chemicals to each other. The endocrine system has five glands and they all produce hormones for different things, they produce hormones and they spread through the bloodstream. We have a thyroid gland that produces thyroxin, which is a primary hormone that helps regulate the body’s metabolism. We also have a pineal gland, which creates the hormone melatonin, and this hormone helps with sleep-wake cycles. The parathyroids are four tiny organs that control balance. The pancreas controls the level of sugar in the blood this is controlled by two hormones: insulin and glucagon. The gland that produces the most hormones is the pituitary gland the hormones controls high blood pressure, thirst, sexual behavior and other body functions. The pituitary gland is the master gland because it affects other glands. Our endocrine system has a gland that produces hormones and if the hormones are not produced correctly it affects the behavior with our body. Other things affect us on in human behavior. We have two things that influences or affects the heredity on human behavior, which are behavior genetics and evolutionary psychology. The difference...
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...(Ch.6 page165) The normal bile duct has a length of up to 6 mm. (Ch.7 page 204) The spleen is of variable size and shape. It is normally measures 8 to 13 cm in an adult. (Ch.11 page 358) The normal length of the pancreas is about 15 cm, from head to tail, with the range extending between 12 and 18 cm. The head is the thickest part of the gland, and it measures 2.0 to 3.0 cm. (Ch.8 page 238) The adrenal gland size is usually smaller than 3 cm. It is 3 to 6 cm long and 3 to 6 mm thick and 2 to 4 cm wide. (Ch.12 page 380) The abdominal aorta measures 2 to 3 cm. After it proceeds inferiorly to the bifurcation into the iliac arteries, it will measure 1.0 to 1.5 cm. (Ch.5 page 104) Textbook of Diagnostic Ultrasonography. Sixth Edition. Sanda L. Hagen-Ansert. Volume One. In Clinical Guide to Ultrasonography, Charlotte Henningsen states that the normal size of the liver is 15 to 20 cm in length. (Ch.2 page 21) The kidneys are bean-shaped organs which measure 11 x 7 x 3 cm. (Ch.5 page 60) The spleen is normally less than 13 cm in length. [Ch.8 page 105) The pancreas is 12 to 15 cm in length. (Ch.4 page 51] There are no measurements for adrenal glands in this book. Lastly the measurement for aorta in the AP diameter is 3 cm or greater in the longitudinal plane. (Ch. 10 page 136) Clinical Guide to Ultrasonography. Charlotte...
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...peoples behavior. Heredity is when traits are giving to the children from the parents. Scientists have tried to identify the genes that may cause such behaviors like, depression, shyness, anxiety and aggression. They have done studies involving twins to try and correlate genetics with behavior. The researchers in those cases weren’t looking for a particular gene but were looking to see if their were similarities within families. (Morris and Maisto,2005) Hormones are the chemicals that are released within the body and affect other parts such as the endocrine system. The also contribute to a persons behavior by determining their moods. The endocrine system consists of glands like the thyroid gland, the adrenal gland, the pituitary glands as well as the testes and ovaries. The function of the thyroid gland is to take iodine, which is found in many foods and convert it into thyroxine (T4) and Trrodothyronine (T3) which are thyroid hormones. Thyroids are the only cells that the body has that can absorb iodine. These cells combine iodine with and the amino acid tyrosine to make T3 and T4, which are then released into the blood stream and are transported throughout the body. Every cell in the body depends on the hormones produced by the thyroid to control the rate of their metabolism. When too much of these hormones are secreted the person is said to have a hyper-thyroid condition. This condition affects a persons behavior because it can cause him/her to become agitated or...
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...relatively uncommon inherited disorder where less than 1 person in 20,000 will carry the gene. It is passed down in families from 1 generation to the next and affects males and females equally, it occurs in all racial groups. This disease can be inherited if only one parent has MEN1. Diagnosis of the disease is done through genetic testing or following a patient medically over several years and seeing if the patient has symptoms of the disease. MEN1 affects the endocrine glands: the pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreas glands that regulate different hormones that control the functions of various tissues throughout the body. Normally, the hormones released by endocrine glands ore carefully balanced to meet a body’s needs. In patients with MEN1, the endocrine glands may become overactive at the same time or throughout a lifetime. Similarly, different areas of within the endocrine glands may become overactive at different times during life. By age 30 most people who inherit MEN1 will have some type of endocrine gland overactivity. Since symptoms do not develop in many people it is important for all people at risk( families that have a person known to have the disease) to be tested for MEN1, even though they might feel fine. When there is a family history of MEN1 the way to test for the disease is through predictive genetic testing. The test can be...
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...Hormones and Heredity Susan Kennedy BEH/225 August 20, 2012 Rosa Grindel Hormones and Heredity Human behavior varies from individual to individual. The tendencies to commit a crime, to be more aggressive, or to be more intelligent are all indicators of human behavior. Biologically, speaking, these behavioral outcomes are a direct result of hormones and genes. First, hormones are chemical substances released into the bloodstream by way of endocrine glands. Hormones guide such processes as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. Hormones have different affects based on gender. The nervous system and the endocrine system work together in a constant chemical conversation. The endocrine glans consists of Pineal gland, pituitary gland, parathyroid, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. While hormones have clearly defined roles throughout one’s lifetime, genes, which affect heredity, are responsive to the environment and their role clearly changes with respect to the environment. It should be noted that heredity is not some sort of master puppet holding the strings and controlling the environment. As a matter of fact, genes change or evolve based on the environment hence explaining the reason why things such as mutations and variations occur. Therefore, the way heredity influences human behavior at one point in time may not necessarily be the same way it does years to come. Conversely, hormones are very specific in nature, their presence or absence...
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...THE GLANDS A gland is a group of cells or an organ that produces a secretion for use elsewhere in the body, or in a body cavity. TWO KINDS OF GLANDS EXOCRINE GLANDS The secretion of the exocrine glands pass through a duct to the site where they take effect. Examples Salivary glands - Saliva Sweat glands - Perspiration Mammary glands - Milk ENDOCRINE GLANDS The gland known as ductless or endocrine glands secrete their product directly into the bloodstream. The term ductless indicates that no duct cones out from the glands. Their secretion are called hormones, also known as chemical messengers. They regulate and integrate body functions. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The endocrine system refers to the collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs. It is a system that controls body functions such as sleep, sexual behavior, digestion, metabolism, and physical development. The endocrine system is an information signal system like the nervous system, yet its effects and mechanism are classifiably different. The endocrine system's effects are slow to initiate, and prolonged in their response, lasting from a few hours up to weeks. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. The communication begins at the base of the forebrain with the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus sends messages to the pituitary gland, which then secretes hormones into the...
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...Hormones and Behavior Lindsey Hensley University of Phoenix June 9, 2013 Nancy Russell BEH/225 Hormones are materials in the human body that impact emotional and physical behavior. They are formed by the glands in the endocrine system. When needed, they are discharged into the bloodstream, which then gets to the cells of the imperative tissue and the cells react to it. The correlation between hormones and behavior is bi-directional, suggesting that hormones can change behavior, but the way we operate can also release hormones. Consequently, hormones are also often called biological carriers. The response to a hormone may not always be prompt, but every hormone does affect the human body in either or short or long terms if released. Two hormones that are being addressed in this essay are: Oxytocin and Melatonin, which both change the human behavior. In the hypothalamus the hormone oxytocin is produced. It is released directly into the bloodstream via the pituitary gland, or to others parts of the brain and spinal cord. The pituitary glands main function is to stimulate growth. Oxytocin is another important hormone released from the pituitary gland. Oxytocin is often termed the “love/trust hormone.” It is known to raise feelings of happiness. (Coon & Mitterer) It was first recognized in the 1990s, researchers realized that it was released during breastfeeding which caused certain emotional feelings in women. It was established that Oxytocin was consistent to sociable...
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...is the genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring. Hormones are secreted by glands within the body. Together they define how a person acts. Parents that are biologically connected to their children pass on genes and traits that help determine things such as hair and eye color, height, weight, and skin color (Morris & Maisto, 2005). They also pass genes and traits through chromosomes that help form the psychological aspects within a person’s life. This type of genetics is behavioral genetics. Disorders like schizophrenia and depression are passed through genes as part of behavioral genetics(Morris & Maisto, 2005). The endocrine system is a collection of glands that secrete different hormones. Some glands regulate how specific organs function while other glands regulate how a person behaves these glands fall under two categories exocrine and endocrine. Glands that help regulate how a person behaves are thyroid, pituitary, hypothalamus, pineal body, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes (Turley, 2007). While most of these glands are influenced by the secretions of the pituitary gland, they all regulate specific bodily functions and release their hormones directly into the blood and not through ducts (Turley, 2007). A normally functioning body will have the appropriate amounts of hormones released into the body, if the glands malfunction then people would notice a difference in how they feel and behave. Psychologists also...
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