...it is a volcanic region known for geysers (jets of hot water/steam) in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho (USA). A gorgeous National Park to visit. 3) Olympus Mons on Mars. All of these volcanoes have similarities and differences. As with any analysis of volcanism, it generally comes down to crustal chemistry and the sources of the magma that erupts. Compare the volcanoes using these questions. Perhaps make up a table... a) How did these volcanoes form? Plate tectonics? Plume? How do we know? Reunion | •This was formed from a mantle hot spot. •3 calderas formed 250,000, 65000, and 5000 years ago by slumping of the volcano. | Yellowstone | It all started with a hot spot beneath Yellowstone. Approximately, 600 thousand years ago the hot spot released hot magma towards the surface and pushing the earth’s crust upwards thus creating a large chamber which was filled with magma. Cracks formed over time due to the large pressure inside the dome and a huge eruption expelled magma, emptying the top part of the chamber. Earth’s crust collapsed and formed a caldera. Magma kept flowing into the caldera for the next 500 thousand years. | Olympus Mons | Olympus mons formed by hot spot plume. - no tectonic plate movement Unlike earth with tectonic movement where the hot spot moves from one area to another, causing creation of multiple volcanoes ( Hawaii). The hotpsot on Olympus mon is stagnant, when lava flows to the surface, it continues to pile up in a...
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...Climate change From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For current and future climatological effects of human influences, see global warming. For the study of past climate change, see paleoclimatology. For temperatures on the longest time scales, see geologic temperature record. [pic] |Atmospheric sciences | |[pic] | |Aerology | |Atmospheric physics | |Atmospheric dynamics (category) | |Atmospheric chemistry (category) | |Meteorology | |Weather (category) · (portal) | |Tropical cyclone (category) | |Climatology | |Climate (category) | |Climate change (category) | |Global warming (category) · (portal) | |v · d · e | Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average (e.g., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change may be limited to a specific region or may occur across the whole Earth. |Contents ...
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...------------------------------------------------- OPTION 1: Tectonic Activity and Hazards ------------------------------------------------- Note: These exemplar reports are based on the work of candidates under examination conditions, during the June 2010 examination series. The reports were originally hand written but have been typed up, with diagrams redrawn. Errors, including QWC errors, have in most cases been kept. The aim of these exemplar reports is to highlight good practice and areas of potential improvement. The marking levels and examiners comments given are indicative and should be used as a basis for discussion in the classroom, rather than indicating a specific grade. Pre-release research focus * Explore the range of tectonic event profiles and how these and other factors affect the responses of people and governments. * Research contrasting locations and hazard events to draw out the range of tectonic activity and the different responses generated. Report title: ‘Tectonic hazard profiles determine the way in which people and governments respond to hazards’. Discuss ------------------------------------------------- Student’s plan: Intro – definitions Park model THP factors Magnitude – Lincolnshire, Iripinia Speed onset - Popocatepetl, Kashmir Areal Extent – tsunami Other factors - economic development Scientific understanding Location Conclusion - why chose case studies Nevado del Ruiz Loma Prieta Introduction Tectonic hazards pose significant...
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...continuous series of oceanic trenches, island arcs, and volcanic mountain ranges and/or plate movements. It is understood that 90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire, which is a direct consequence of plate tectonics and the movement of collisions of crustal plates. The island of Savo, 35 kilometres North West of Honiara, is a cyclically active volcano. Climate: The climate is tropical. From December to March, northwest equatorial winds bring hot weather and heavy rainfall; from April to November, the islands are cooled by drier southeast trade winds. Damaging cyclones occasionally strike during the rainy season. The annual mean temperature is 27°c (81°f); annual rainfall averages 305 cm (120 in), and humidity is about 80% Environment: Most of the coral reefs surrounding the islands are dead or dying. As an island nation, the Solomon Islands are concerned with the effects of global warming and rising sea levels. Deforestation is another significant environmental problem. The related problem of soil erosion threatens the country's agricultural productivity. Sources of water pollution include sewage, pesticides, and mining by-products Scientific article on climate change in the Solomon islands: http://www.sprep.org/att/irc/ecopies/countries/solomon_islands/58.pdf Let me know what you think and I'll start working on the brief analysis of how climate has shaped the area. The Solomon Islands have a tropical climate...
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...to her west. Along the North and Northwest, and through the Black Sea she has the following countries bordering: Russia, Ukraine, and Romania. To the East she has the following countries bordering: Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. Finally to the South she has Syria and Iraq bordering her. Lastly, the following bodies of water divide her and they include: the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus (Index Mundi. com, 2013). Izmir, just like the entire country of Turkey, has many disadvantages primarily due to their geological weakness known as the Aegean plate boundaries (Komuscu, 1995). Turkey sits literally amid two massive tectonic plates. The Eurasia and The Africa/Arabia, which are inevitably hurtling into one another, from the north towards the south. The Anatolian plate, where the Turkish mainland lies, is being clutched upwardly near the Aegean Sea (Kutluca A. K., 2004). Both plates are located directly below Turkey and thus lead to this country’s massive history of avalanches, floods, landslides, droughts and earthquakes (Orhon, 1991). A 7.2 Mw earthquake had once...
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...northern California and symbolizes the dynamic geologic processes that have shaped a spectacular landscape. 63829_02_insidecover.qxd 11/25/08 12:53 AM Page ii ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS TO ASK Northern California.1 Introduction Ⅲ What are northern California’s physiographic provinces? Ⅲ What is the Farallon subduction zone? al Ⅲ What two types of plate boundaries exist in northern California today? th Ⅲ What are terranes, how do they originate, and why are they important in northern California? Northern California.2 The Sierra Nevada: California’s Geologic alifornia’s Ge Backbone Ⅲ What is the Sierra Nevada batholith? rra batholi Ⅲ What kinds of rocks surround the Sierra Nevada batholith? ra Ⅲ When and how was the modern Sierra Nevada uplifted? e Ⅲ What types of gold deposits occur in the Sierra Nevada? e? Ⅲ What is the Mother Lode? Northern California.3 The Klamath M Mountains t ath an Ne evada Ⅲ In what ways are the Klamath Mountains and the Sierra Nevada similar? ds ro o ath M Ⅲ What kinds of rocks comprise the ophiolites in the Klamath Mountains and what tectonic events do they signify? ineral occu th ntai Ⅲ What mineral resources occur in the Klamath Mountains? Northern California.4 The Gr Ca rnia e Great Valley fa s th i he Valle Ⅲ What factors have led to the formation of fertile soils in the Great Valley? at t ime y Grea Seq Ⅲ What was the origin of the sedimentary rocks in the Great Valley Sequence...
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...Shake and Erupt: A critical reflection on teaching earthquakes and volcanoes to KS3 Rationale: Perhaps the most dynamic features of the Earth’s awesome power and nature are when Volcanoes and Earthquakes occur. Their workings are at the very core of our planet’s history and their unpredictable activity continues to shake mankind’s understanding of the planet. This topic or scheme of work for my mixed ability year nine class offers a plethora of attributes that both incorporates sound core Geographic knowledge and divers teaching formats that can present a degree of awe and wonder into the minds of young people. Planning and teaching such a topic at a time when the Geography National Curriculum is being reviewed by the new coalition Government, seems to provide somewhat of a blank canvass as to what pedagogical approaches might be the most appropriate to adopt. Whatever the NC will look like, we are led to believe that there will be a re-focus on the ‘core’ knowledge in subjects like Geography. This is not to say a return to didactic teaching where teachers are merely transmitters of information, or indeed to adopt a textbook pedagogy which is reminiscent of the late 1970s and 1980s. The Geography Curriculum Consultation Full Report makes it clear “That a line-by-line, detailed list of geography’s contents is not the best way to draw a positive response from teachers . . . though there is strong support for the national curriculum achieving greater clarity over the core...
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...Analysis and Impact of the Geologic Features In Iceland By: Tan Kai De Introduction Iceland is an island located in the middle of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, and with a population of just over 300,000, it is the most sparsely populated country in Europe, with its people inhabiting a total land area of 103,000 square kilometers. To put that into perspective, the Netherlands is about two and a half times the area (nationsonline.org, 2015), but has nearly 60 times the population at nearly 17 million inhabitants (Countrymeters.info, 2015). This is despite the fact that the cultural history of the country can be dated back to about 800AD, and settlement occurred from 870-930AD. However, the true history of Iceland goes much beyond than that. Iceland has a rich geologic history that dates back thousands, if not millions of years, that makes it one of the most fascinating countries in the world. In this essay, we will explore the origins of Iceland from its formation to its current size, some of the unique features that Iceland has that most countries do not have, as well as a few significant geologic events in Iceland that have shaped Icelandic and even global events. Formation of Iceland Diagram 1 from classroomatsea.net Diagram 1 shows a general idea of how Iceland was formed. Iceland is situated in the centre of the Eurasian and the North American plate. The two plates move away from each other due to the magma undercurrents, due to the convection effect...
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...Haiti Earthquake of 2010– Vulnerabilities and Resiliency On the 12th of January in 2010 at 4.53 pm Haiti was struck by a massive earthquake that is considered as one of the deadliest earthquakes in the western hemisphere in a century (Chinn, 2011). According to The Haiti Earthquake (2013) it killed 220.000 people, injured 250.000 people and left more than a million homeless. The earthquakes’ characteristics: There are several different aspects of Haiti earthquake that amplified its impact. First of all, Haiti is located on the edge of the Caribbean plate that crushes into the Atlantic plate (The Haiti Earthquake, 2013). This area is known for its tectonic activities as the plates are constantly moving and creating friction between them,...
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...An integrated approach or understanding of earth including the oceans is vital if we have to effectively and sustainably manage earth’s energy, water, mineral, soil and coastal resources for our future generations. A stand-alone view of various phenomena will not serve any purpose as any independent model is unable to sustain the variability of the complexities involved in the earth and ocean sciences, which are gradually converging. It has therefore become imperative to understand the interdependence and coupling of geological sciences and oceanography. The combined approach to earth and ocean sciences is also the key to predicting and managing natural disasters or hazards like earthquakes, cyclones, floods, tsunami, etc. In this context, in a significant development in India, a Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) was formed in July 2006 by restructuring the former Ministry of Ocean Development. The MoES deals with matters relating to meteorology, seismology, climate and environmental science and related earth sciences including ocean science and technology. It facilitates an integrated view of earth systems viz., ocean, atmosphere and land to provide best possible services in respect of ocean resources, ocean state, monsoon, cyclone, earthquake, tsunami, climate change, etc. The MoES oversees research in earth system sciences, forecast monsoons and other climate parameters, ocean state, earthquakes, tsunamis and earth science phenomena. The ministry also supports industry...
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...THE STUCTURE OF THE EARTH The interior structure of the Earth is layered in spherical shells, like an onion. These layers can be defined by either their chemical or their rheological properties. Earth has an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Scientific understanding of Earth's internal structure is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through Earth, measurements of the gravity field of Earth, and experiments with crystalline solids at pressures and temperatures characteristic of Earth's deep interior. ASSUMPTIONS: The force exerted by Earth's gravity can be used to calculate its mass, and by estimating the volume of the Earth, its average density can be calculated. Astronomers can also calculate Earth's mass from its orbit and effects on nearby planetary bodies. Observations of rocks, bodies of water and atmosphere allow estimation of the mass, volume and density of rocks to a certain depth, so the remaining mass must be in the deeper layers. Earth's radial density distribution according to the preliminary reference earth model (PREM). Earth's gravity according to the preliminary reference earth model (PREM). Comparison to approximations using constant and linear density for Earth's interior. Schematic view of...
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...that has been a mystery for some time. Several temperature changes have been linked to North Pacific ecosystem mystery. The distribution of plankton and fish species is caused by the ecosystem shifts. 2. August 31, 2015 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150831163726.htm Scientists have found ancient in many mantle rocks below the sea floor. These rocks that have been discovered contain microbial life, which show life had been present during the Cretaceous period. This discovery finally confirms a hypothesis that life can in fact be created deep below the seafloor. 3. September 1, 2015 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150901100551.htm Increase in climate threat has been identified using unique statistical analysis. The frequency in droughts and heat waves has been occurring more frequent than usual. Climate experts have been able to determine the dual climate threat. 4. September 1, 2015 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150901113432.htm Scientists discovered like humans female orangutans prefer specific characteristics. They prefer cheek padded male orangutans, which are more successful at fathering offspring. The females have standards. 5. September 1, 2015 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150901135103.htm Tiny jellyfish may be the new basis for under water propulsion. Oceanographers detail how the jellyfish speed to their prey. The jelly fish had been gathered and studied from Puget Sound. 6. September 2,...
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...(Geology of Ice Age National Scientific Reserve of Wisconsin)Create a 12- to 15 slide MicrosoftPowerPoint® presentation for your chosen geologic feature. Address the following: Describe the various geologic events that have occurred in the region around your feature. Describe the geological features and various types of rocks that formed in the area, such as mountains, craters, canyons, volcanoes, fault lines, or folds. What is the most prevalent rock type of your feature? Describe the rock type’s mineral composition. How old is your geologic feature? Estimate the absolute age of the feature, and discuss methods used to determine the age. What geologic event created your feature? Discuss the process of plate tectonics related to the formation. Explain the significance of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in your region. Describe the types of weathering and erosion processes that have likely affected the physical appearance of your feature. Describe any significant water, ocean, desert, or glacial features associated with your region, and the process involved with creating one of them. Explain what resources are abundant in the region and the importance and economic value of these resources to the region. In conclusion, explain why you selected this geologic feature for your presentation. Include graphics. Include details in speaker notes . http://wisconsingeologicalsurvey.org Climate change—the long view Updated December...
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...The essay will discuss the concepts and the importance of logistics in our global word. It will then move to the recent climate change and its impact on our world with particular reference to logistics and GHG emissions relationship. The write up will follow up with the EPA and other agencies reactions and discuss the impact and the changes in the logistics management by the companies around the world. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply Chain Management refers to the flows of processes though which the goods are moved from the customer order to the acquisition of raw materials, supply, production, and distribution of the goods to the relevant customer. It basically refers to the management of the activities for the collections of raw materials to the production at the factories to the distribution of these goods. The manager must coordinate with all of these pieces in a cordial manner for the effective management of the supply chain (Mentzer, 2001). LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT Logistics Management is widely known concept in the global world. All companies rely on the logistics for the efficient flow of the goods and services. For Example: Industrial manufactures rely heavily on these logistics for the transportation of the mass-produced items. At the same time, the consumer goods manufactures want their goods to be delivered to the outlets and warehouses before the customer calls for it. Therefore, Logistics management has now evolved into one of the most important links in the...
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...In this introductory chapter the rationale for and philosophy behind Images of Strategy are outlined. We argue that the conventional twentieth-century history of management and strategy leads us to unquestioningly assume that organizations are, for all people at all times, triangular hierarchies; that strategy is enacted by ‘the men at the top’, and that it is about longterm planning, directing, organizing and controlling. At a philosophical level, we deconstruct this history before reconstructing an alternative vision – one based on a broader ‘pre-modern’ heritage. Here, organization could take many forms and strategy could, correspondingly, be many things and be seen through many images. At a practical level, we use the analogy of how people are oriented and animated by maps to argue that this broader heritage simply reinstates a more pragmatic view of how everyday people use many different frameworks in developing strategy in complex environments over time. 1 Images of Strategy STEPHEN CUMMINGS AND DAVID WILSON The young lieutenant of a Hungarian detachment in the Alps sent a reconnaissance unit into the icy wilderness. It began to snow immediately, and unexpectedly continued to snow for two days. The unit did not return. The lieutenant feared that he had dispatched his own people to death. However, on the third day the unit came back. Where had they been? How had they made their way? ‘Yes,’ they said: ‘We considered ourselves lost and waited for the end. We did...
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