...complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal...
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...it connects us to each other and other creatures. Spirituality is about seeking a meaningful connection with something bigger than yourself, which can result in positive emotions, such as peace, awe, contentment, gratitude, and acceptance ("Spirituality," n.d.). Philosophically the search for spirituality encompasses asking the questions “Who, what and why are we, what is my purpose and where did I come from?” ("Spirituality," n.d.). Some people seek the answers to these questions through their religion while others find them through art or nature. Sociology’s definition of spirituality is based on the study of relationships where people influence other people. Sociology describes spirituality as spiritual practices, rituals, and social morality of a group of people (Seaward, 2013, p. 34). Thus sociology would encompass the idea of religious pluralism. Religious pluralism is the concept that no one religion is the way to god. Rather it recognizes that there are religions other than Christianity that seek to commune with god ("Pluralism," n.d.). The ecumenical concept has only recently become part of western culture ("Pluralism," n.d.). People perceive their lives through the lens of their experiences based on their cultural and spiritual background. Spirituality and scientism to the writer don’t mix. Scientism is placing an omnipresence on science and the knowledge it produces. Scientism believes if it is not scientifically proven than it must be rejected. The idea...
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...CHRISTIAN ETHICS IN A POSTMODERN WORLD The Rise of Postmodernity Since Federico de Onis’s use of the term ‘postmodernismo’ to describe the Spanish and Latin-American poetry of 1905-1914 which had reacted against the ‘excess’ of modernism in 1934, (Rose 1991: 171) “Postmodernism” became very popular. It has been used in the fields of art (Christo-Bakargiev 1987), architecture (Pevsner 1967), literature (Hassan 1971), video, economics, films (James 1991), ideology (Larrain 1994: 90-118), theology (Tilley at al 1995), and philosophy (Griffin et al 1993). In trying to understand ‘postmodern’, we have to understand ‘modern’ first. According to Rose (1991: 1), there are many related yet different meanings associated with the term ‘modern’. First of all, Arnold J. Toynbee understands modern as referring to the historical phenomenon of The most significant of the conclusions that suggest themselves is that the word ‘modern’ in the term ‘Modern Western Civilization’, can, without inaccuracy, be given a more precise and concrete connotation by being translated ‘middle class’. Western communities became ‘modern’ in the accepted Modern Western meaning of the word, just as soon as they had succeeded in producing a bourgeoisie that was both numerous enough and competent enough to become the predominant element in society. We think of the new chapter of Western history that opened at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries as being ‘modern’ par excellence because...
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...Postmodernism is dead A new exhibition signals the end of postmodernism. But what was it? And what comes next? by Edward Docx / July 20, 2011 / Leave a comment Published in August 2011 issue of Prospect Magazine I have some good news—kick back, relax, enjoy the rest of the summer, stop worrying about where your life is and isn’t heading. What news? Well, on 24th September, we can officially and definitively declare that postmodernism is dead. Finished. History. A difficult period in human thought over and done with. How do I know this? Because that is the date when the Victoria and Albert Museum opens what it calls “the first comprehensive retrospective” in the world: “Postmodernism—Style and Subversion 1970-1990.” Wait, I hear you cry. How do they know? And what was it? Postmodernism—I didn’t understand it. I never understood it. How can it be over? You are not alone. If there’s one word that confuses, upsets, angers, beleaguers, exhausts and contaminates us all, then it is postmodernism. And yet, properly understood, postmodernism is playful, intelligent, funny and fascinating. From Grace Jones to Lady Gaga, from Andy Warhol to Gilbert and George, from Paul Auster to David Foster Wallace, its influence has been everywhere and continues. It has been the dominant idea of our age. So what was it? Well, the best way to begin to understand postmodernism is with reference to what went before: modernism. Unlike, say, the Enlightenment or Romanticism, postmodernism (even as...
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...An essay on marshmallow I shall now enrich your life by sharing with you about marshmallow. Many an afternoon has been enjoyed by a family, bonding over the discussion of marshmallow. Cited by many as the single most important influence on post modern micro eco compartmentalism, it is impossible to overestimate its impact on modern thought. Since it was first compared to antidisestablishmentarianism much has been said concerning marshmallow by so called 'babies', many of whom blame the influence of television. Keeping all of this in mind, in this essay I will examine the major issues. Social Factors Society begins and ends with marshmallow. When Sir Bernard Chivilary said 'hounds will feast on society' [1] he globalised an issue which had remained buried in the hearts of our ancestors for centuries. Spanning divides such as class, race and uglyness, marshmallow bravely illustrates what we are most afraid of, what we all know deep down in our hearts. Our post-literate society, more than ever before, relies upon marshmallow. To put it simply, people like marshmallow. Economic Factors Derived from 'oikonomikos,' which means skilled in household management, the word economics is synonymous with marshmallow. Of course, marshmallow fits perfectly into the Inter-Spam model. Taking special care to highlight the role of marshmallow within the vast framework which this provides. |National |[pic] | |Debt | | ...
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...Christian Response to Postmodernism in the Twenty-first Century Today, a new insidious trend is blazing its way through the twenty-first century church. In the name/guise of keeping Christianity relevant in today's culture, many churches are opening the door to a doctrine/belief system that undermines the infallibility of the Bible. Today, we will discuss postmodernism and its effects on the church. We will also discuss what Christians can do to counter its effect/attack in the spread of the gospel. The term postmodernism, has been applied to many areas such as literature, philosophy, fiction, architecture, art and so on. It is mainly our response to what is considered concrete data (scientific or objective) about the world around us. Postmodernism suggests that something is reality not only because humanity generally understands it to be so but rather that reality is built upon personal interpretation as the mind attempts to process information only in relation to that particular individual's sense of reality. What this translates to is that postmodernism allows each individual to create his or her own reality based on what their mind considers to be right for them. As a result of its definition, postmodernism feeds on the premise that there are no absolute truths. It seeks to invalidate the arguments/explanations of whole groups of people in different cultures, traditions and races and instead propagates that truth is relative to each individual. Postmodernism is fueled by today's...
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...Notes on post-Fordism and postmodernism Post-Fordism and Postmoderism: * Capitalism requires a large number of low-skilled workers willing to put up with alienating, repetitive work on mass production assembly lines. This system is often called Fordism because the Ford motor company was the first to introduce this. * Bowles and Gintis’ correspondence principle states that school mirrors the work place, and see the mass education system as preparing pupils to accept this kind of work. * Postmodernists argue that this view is out-dated and that society has entered a new postmodern phase and are now fundamentally different from the modern society that both Marxists and Functionalists have written about. * Postmodernists reject the Marxist idea that we still live in a two class society, and the claim that education reproduces class inequality. * They argue that class divisions are no longer important and that society is now much more diverse an fragment. * Postmodernists also argue that the economy has shifted away from assembly-line mass production and is now based on ‘flexible specialisation’ where production is customised for small specialist markets. * The Post-Fordism system requires a skilled, adaptable workforce able to use advanced technology and transfer their skills rapidly from one specialised task to another. * Post-Fordism calls for a different kind of education system where instead of preparing pupils to be low-skilled, low-paid...
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...Discourses of Postmodernism: Art and Architecture Figure 1. Marilyn Monroe This essay will look into the meaning of postmodernism, and the way the postmodern has changed the way art work has been perceived, and how it has affected specifically photography and architecture. It will be looking into the main theorist of postmodernism such as Jean Boudrillard and Marshall McLuhan to understand the history of where postmodernism originated from and how it has changed the way art and culture has been looked upon, I will be mentioning the works of William Eggleston, Andy Warhol and Cindy Sherman to clearly define some of the postmodern artists who are still very well-known today as much as they were known back in the 60s and 70s onwards. I will be explaining how postmodernism has changed and what is happening in today's society. What is the meaning of Postmodernism? Postmodernism is an exasperating term, and so are postmodern, postmodernist, postmodernity, and whatever else one might come across in the way of derivation. In the avalanche of articles and books that have made use of the term since the late 1950s, postmodernism has been applied at different levels of conceptual abstraction to a range of objects and phenomena in what we did call reality (Bertens,1995 p3). Postmodernism is also related to Modernism which refers to a certain period in Western culture, which covered the later Nineteenth and early Twentieth centuries. However, others dated the movement in the 1960s after...
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...anomie - social instability, alienation and a sense of purposelessness cause by a steady erosion of standards and values. apodictic truth - an imaginary concept of truth in which it is supposed that we know something with absolute certainty. To be an apodictic truth there must be no possibility of mistake commodification - the subordination of public and private realms to the logic of capitalism. In other words, things (e.g., friendship, women) are valued for their commercial value. With commodification aspects of our lives that are culturally conditioned take on the mythology of being "natural." critical reading - to read in a way that looks for fallacies and defects in the writing. It is to be contrasted with "reading generously." This distinction between generous and critical reading is analogous to a parallel distinction between generous and critical listening. critical theory - Although the term is sometimes used more broadly, in most contexts it refers to the school of thought represented by the "Frankfurt School," which is a school of thought that combines psychoanalysis and Marxism. deconstruction - A term that, for all practical purposes, was introduced in the literature by Derrida. It means to undermine the conceptual order imposed by a concept that has captivated our imaginations and ways of seeing things. (See Shawver, 1996) see "deconstruction quilt" discourse - sometimes this term refers to any kind of talk, but often it refers to particular unified...
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...Die Interpretation Hänsel und Gretel (Rewrite) Hänsel und Gretel ist ein berühmtes deutsches Märchen, das von den Gebrüdern Grimm gesammelt und veröffentlicht wurde. Die Hauptfiguren sind Hänsel und Gretel, die jungen Kinder eines armen Holzfällers. Wenn eine große Hungersnot vorkommt, plant die beleidigende Stiefmutter, die Kinder hinaus in den Wald zu führen und sie dort allein zu lassen, damit sie und der Vater genug Essen haben und vor Hunger nicht sterben. Aber die Kinder hörten, was die Stiefmutter zum Vater sagte. Hänsel sammelt viele weiße Kieselsteine, die sehr hell unter der Mond scheinen. Wenn die Familie am nächsten Tag in den Wald läuft, legt Hänsel einen Pfad mit den blanken Kieselsteinen. In der Nacht folgen die Kinder dem Pfad und kommen nach Hause. Die Stiefmutter entscheidet, die Kinder tiefer in den Wald noch mal zu nehmen. Diesmal haben die Kinder nur ein Stück Brot anstatt der Kieselsteine. Hänsel versucht, einen Brotkrümelpfad zu legen, aber alle Brotkrümel werden von den Vögeln im Wald gefressen, als die Kinder versuchen nach Hause zu gehen. Zufällig kommen die Kinder zum Haus einer Hexe, die sie essen will. Aber die Kinder besiegen die Hexe und kommen nach Hause mit dem Schatz der Hexe. Sie finden heraus, dass die Stiefmutter auch gestorben ist, und sie leben in lauter Freude zusammen. Aus meiner Sicht ist die Moral dieses Märchens, dass man irgendwelche Hindernisse überwunden kann, sofern man mutig und hartnäckig ist. Ein interessanter Aspekt Hänsel...
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...BUSM 3194 – Organizational Theory Assessment Task 1: Individual Assignment Completed by: Cheryl Tan Hui Ting S3449942 Word Count: 1836 Organizations are dependent on the environment for their survival. The organizational environment has been defined as all the factors that exist out of the organization that has the potential to affect parts, if not all, of the organization. The effects of their relationship can cause an organization to dictate the structure of their processes and functions in a particular manner that can ensure productivity, effectiveness and maximize gains. In this essay, we will focus on two paradigms that can help shed light in understanding how Coca Cola relate to its environment. The first paradigm that will be explored is the Modernist Perspective. The modernist approach embraces objective ontology and positive epistemology, where theorists believe organizations exist even if there is no knowledge of it. They seek out the truth through tests, assessments and statistical methods to fulfill the purpose of being effective, more productive and to gain power, control and structure within the organization (Hatch & Cunliffe 2013). Modernist theorists define the environment as an objective entity living outside the organization’s boundary. Stakeholders, who have a role to play in the survival of the organization where they provide materials, resources, capital, equipment and regulate law, are part of the environment. These stakeholders...
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...A 1. This poem touched my heart and made me feel great compassion for the author. She wrote about how she feels the world perceives her. In the first paragraph, she describes how people can metaphorically step on her and crush her into the dirt, but she and her spirit could not be crushed. She also mentions how history depicts her in a negative light. People tend to believe what they read, even if it is not accurate. In the next paragraph, she describes how she is outspoken and how that makes others uncomfortable. Even though she may not have experience financial freedom, she was able to exert confidence. She explains that no matter the circumstance, even if she is mistreated, she will not give up. The writer then asks the public if she should appear crushed and broken, but she will not let that happen. She may be sad on the inside, but on the outside, she will present as strong and confident. During the poem, she is still concerned about public opinion. This is evident when she says “does my haughtiness offend you?” ( Angelou, M. 1978 ).In general, we the people, do not like to be judged or be different. We tend to conform to society’s expectations and rules. This poem illustrates how strong a person can be. It tells the story that a person can overcome pain, criticism and past experiences. It tells us in the end, that a person’s will power cannot be defeated. A 2. The one aspect that most interested me was when she wrote about how she would, “ still I’ll rise”...
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...Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 i RTNA01 1 13/6/05, 5:28 PM READING THE NOVEL General Editor: Daniel R. Schwarz The aim of this series is to provide practical introductions to reading the novel in both the British and Irish, and the American traditions. Published Reading the Modern British and Irish Novel 1890–1930 Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 Daniel R. Schwarz Brian W. Shaffer Forthcoming Reading the Eighteenth-Century Novel Paula R. Backscheider Reading the Nineteenth-Century Novel Harry E. Shaw and Alison Case Reading the American Novel 1780–1865 Shirley Samuels Reading the American Novel 1865–1914 G. R. Thompson Reading the Twentieth-Century American Novel James Phelan ii RTNA01 2 13/6/05, 5:28 PM Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 Brian W. Shaffer iii RTNA01 3 13/6/05, 5:28 PM © 2006 by Brian W. Shaffer BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Brian W. Shaffer to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and...
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...Zaha Hadid and Suprematism Zaha Hadid's career began in the 1970s; in an era of socio-political changes that let to a sense of disillusion with established norms and cultural practices. In arts as well as architecture, there has been a shift in consciousness, and an emerging desire to break with the old and to create something new (Woods, 2009). Hadid, taught by notorious figures such as Bernard Tschumi or Rem Koolhaas, who have attempted to challenge existing architectural principles by modernist strategies, was inevitably influenced by tendencies to re-imagine social and aesthetic landscapes (Design Museum, 2014). For Hadid, this period corresponds to attitudes of the early twentieth century, when modernist artists radically re-contextualised the world through new techniques and concepts, in order to respond to the changing world around them (Murphy, 1999). In particular, Hadid has turned to the Russian avant-garde and Suprematism of Kazimir Malevich, exploring his own responses to modern realities (Hadid, 2014). In 1915, Malevich presented his ideals in a revolutionary show, the 0.10 exhibition in Petrograd. His new Suprematist philosophy argued for a non-objective character of art, achieved through aesthetic reductionism to abstract geometrical forms and colours (Cumming, 2014; Hadid, 2014). Unlike static figurative artworks, Malevich wanted to capture pure feelings and spiritual sensations, disclosed within Suprematist paintings, and reflective of dynamic modern lives....
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...Why is men’s fashion photography redefining the image of the contemporary male and how does it use diverse male sexualities as a tool in advertising? The works of renowned photographers such as Hedi Slimane have a heavy impact on prevailing images of male sexualities in fashion advertising, eventually affecting the image of the ideal male in fashion. Male sexualities in high fashion photography can oscillate between the homoerotic or a dominant hetero-masculinity, thus there is usually no middle ground in fashion advertising, especially where artistic direction takes over. Such advertising targets niche “high fashion” audiences and responds to the popularization of sexual themes in other forms of advertising (and indeed wider media), whilst associating diverse sexualities with artistry. Coding in high fashion advertisements affect, but also respond intuitively to, audience sexual ideologies by deconstructing the concepts of femininity and masculinity that have undergone rapid change in our self-reflective and deconstructing postmodern world. Hedi Slimane’s penchant for androgynous men has significantly heightened popularity for thin male models in the fashion industry. His work usually incorporates explicit concepts of homo-eroticism and femininity inspiring many leading contemporary designers and photographers who saw his designs as radical and surprisingly persuasive” [1]. Indeed, Hedi’s influence on modern fashion aesthetics suggests that “designers everywhere started...
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