...Upon reading Nina Munk’s assessment of Jeffrey Sachs’ objective to end extreme poverty on a global scale, The Idealist, a few nuances drew my attention. Firstly, Sachs’ deep belief that extreme poverty could be completely eradicated, and his unrelenting motivation to see it through; and secondly, his point-blank illustration that with enough money, anything is possible. He unwaveringly appeals for copious amounts of money that seem unreasonable, but are in fact a trivial amount when considering the wealth within developed nations; he successfully draws our attention to the solution of “our” wealth in addition to the problem of “their” poverty. His suggestions for economic development hold the assumption that developing nations cannot be left to see their own economic result; therefore, charity-centric economic models are his ideal solution to global poverty. Though Sachs’ work successfully illustrates an innate economic interconnectedness between the developed and developing world in regards to the relationship between international organizations, government agencies, donors, and domestic citizens, he does not completely explore the implications of this interconnectedness on the success or failure of foreign development aid. Munk illustrates that Sachs does not adequately prepare for inherent problems such as failing legal devices, political incoherence, and inefficient capital accumulation. Further, Sachs does not sufficiently address the prevailing cultural, social and educational...
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...EMANINCIPATION FROM POVERTY “MKUKUTA” A PAPER PRESENTED TO NATIONAL POLICY DIALOGUE ON MKUKUTA, P.E.R. ANNUAL CONSULTATIVE MEETING On 19th to 21st November 2008 AT BLUE PEARL HOTEL-UBUNGO PLAZA DAR ES SALAAM. TANZANIA By: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES OF TANZANIA P. O. BOX 110062, DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA. Tel: 022 2863271, Mob: 0713-602390, 0786-951999, 0787-909045 E-mail: sedit_vicoba@yahoo.com Introduction: 3 MKUKUTA clusters and goals are: 3 Cluster 1 has six goals: 3 Cluster 2 has five goals: 3 Cluster 3 has seven goals: 4 Context: 5 Technical description: 6 Group formation: 6 Governance: 6 Bank Operations: 6 Capacity building: 7 The Credit of this Procedure: 7 VICOBA Performance Cases: 7 Ilala District VICOBA project: 7 Mtwara VICOBA project: 7 Orgut-SEDIT VICOBA project: 7 Intake one: 8 Intake two: 8 Intake Three: 8 Constraints: 8 Cultural constraints: 8 Educational Level constraint: 8 Infrastructure Constraint: 8 Lack of funds: 8 Challenges: 9 Mushrooming Actors: 9 Documentation System: 9 Office Management Expenses: 9 Different styles by different Agencies: 9 Strength: 9 Recommendations: 10 To the Government: 10 To the Government agencies 10 To the Development partners: 10 To the community 10 Conclusion: 10 Special Thanks: 11 Introduction: Fight against poverty is as old as the...
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...Childhood and education: changes and challenges Dr Nick Lee Institute of Education, University of Warwick February 2009 Summary The first section of this paper will describe the child-centred social investment thesis developed by Esping Andersen (2002). This thesis has been a strong influence on UK government educational and child-related policy over the last decade. Some of the resulting current UK policies will be examined, and their success or failure so far will be explored. It is crucial to note that these policies involve the increasing integration of health, welfare and educational resources in the common purpose of increasing children’s social and cognitive capital. This survey will reveal the key trends and drivers that policy makers are currently responding to as they shape children’s lives. Given that steps taken today may well have effects lasting decades, the guiding social, technical and economic assumptions currently made about the future need to be identified and critically examined. Section Two will set these assumptions in the context of major global trends and signals including issues of demographic change in less and least developed world regions, climate change, energy and food security and financial conditions. The key question here will be whether the bases of current policies address the range of possible futures of yesterday or the range of possible futures of today. Section Three will draw on this material to compose a set of issues that are likely...
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...1 PED401. Applications and Cases in International Development Teaching Notes 1 The Big Push: what does it mean, and does it make sense for Ethiopia? The idea of the Big Push is one of the earliest in development economics, coined by Rosenstein-Rodan over 60 years ago in the context of a classic work on “the problem of industrialization of eastern and south-eastern Europe”. The core argument is that coordination problems, in the context of increasing returns, create the possibility of multiple equilibria. A poor country can be caught in a low-equilibrium “poverty trap”, government intervention can potentially solve the coordination problem, and “push” the economic into the better equilibrium allowing a “take-off” into sustained growth. The Big Push idea has returned to the center of development policy in the recent past. William Easterly (2006) described 2005 as the Year of the Big Push. It has done so in particular in the context of debates over Africa: the compelling normative case to transform development possibilities of Africans, has been associated with renewed emphasis on the positive case for a Big Push. This has been linked to the case for a major expansion in aid, notably in the work of the Commission for Africa and the Millennium Development Goals; Jeffrey Sachs has been a vigorous exponent of this linkage. This case concerns the analytics of the Big Push, the evidence and its applicability to a poor African country. It bridges issues of growth (from macro)...
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...themselves as micro finance institutions. The introduction of micro finance is a welcome relief to development of various women organization and agencies in Ghana. One of the social problems that affect socioeconomic development of women in Ghana is how to acquire capital to finance their businesses. In Ghana, women have been discriminated against with regards to access to credit. As a result, women’s economic roles are isolated and unimportant which have subsequent economic and social impact on the country. It is important that women’s economic should be realized. Increasing women’s access to micro finance institutions have initiated a series of economic development and have increased the well-being of women and their families. An area of interest that led to this study is the introduction of micro finance initiative by the government of Ghana during the Kuffour Administration and the arrival of several non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and subsequent change in lifestyle of women in Ghana. Over the years the government of Ghana has been introducing micro finance schemes to assist in reducing poverty levels of women in Ghana. Such schemes include Poverty Reduction Fund which is meant to reduce the poverty of women in...
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...JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE COURSE TITLE Public finance COURSE CODE: 3105 COURSE TITLE Public finance COURSE CODE: 3105 AN ASSIGNMENT ON EFFECTS OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME AN ASSIGNMENT ON EFFECTS OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME SUBMITTED TO: Ayesha Akhter Lecturer DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE FACULTY OF BUSINESS STUDIES JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY Ayesha Akhter Lecturer DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE FACULTY OF BUSINESS STUDIES JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED BY: Group-01 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY Group-01 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY Name of the group members: SL NO. | NAME | ID NO. | 01 | ROBIUL ISLAM RUBEL | B-120203019 | 02 | MD.ABUL KALAM AZAD | B-120203023 | 03 | LAMIA AKTER | B-120203036 | 04 | ASIF AL SAIF | B-120203139 | 05 | MAHMUDUL HASSAN | B-120203102 | 06 | MOHAMMAD MEHADI HASAN | B-120203097 | 07 | ROMANA AKTER PRIA | B-120203059 | 08 | MITHUN KUMER | B-120203041 | 09 | MD.ABU SAYED | B-120203026 | 10 | MOHAMMAD RUHUL AMIN | B-120203062 | TABLE OF CONTENTS SL. NO...
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...Bangladesh Microcredit, which provides small loans to those in poverty, has rapidly increased in third world countries, such as Bangladesh, over recent decades. Muhammad Yunus, who started a lending organization called the Grameen Bank, developed this program in the 1970s. There has been a great amount of success in reaching millions of borrowers, most of whom are women. The loans are often provided to pay for start-up costs of small businesses, and using the money to make money is strongly encouraged. Along with the tremendous success that has been experienced, there have been numerous improvements among the countries that have adopted such microcredit programs, especially Bangladesh. For example, while poverty is being alleviated, women are also experiencing empowerment. Not only have the lives of women, their families, and communities as a whole improved, but also, such lending programs significantly contribute to society, politics, and the economy. However, it is questioned whether or not microcredit programs have effectively reached the poorest of the poor. This argument is supported by the fact that the extremely poor population is vulnerable, and is being excluded from the vast majority that is able to take advantage of such programs. Nevertheless, the well-being of the poor in general has been greatly influenced by the many positive contributions of these small loans. In the article, “Micro-credit and Poverty Reduction,” by H. I. Latifee, the many advantageous effects...
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...International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 5, No. 2; February 2015 Assessment of National Poverty Reduction Programmes in Nigeria: A Study of National Poverty Eradication Programme (Napep) Ebonyi State Onwe, Sunday Onwe (Ph.D, Fcai) Nwakamma Michael Chibuzor Department of Public Administration Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Abstract The paper sought to assess the National Poverty Reduction Programmes in Nigeria with specific focus on NAPEP Ebonyi State. The study became imperative based on the debilitating effects of poverty which often manifests in loss of hope, aspirations, malnutrition and sometimes sudden death. The startling 69% national poverty level and 73.6% rate in Ebonyi state is a clear indication that poverty is still very high in Nigeria. The study therefore evaluated NAPEP’s performance in the area of human capital development, infrastructure facilities, access to safe drinking water, sanitation and access to basic education which are some of the parameters for measuring poverty level. A descriptive survey design was adopted with a sample population of 400 which spread across the six local governments studied. The major instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire, which was distributed to the respondents and a total number of 380 questionnaire were duly filled and returned representing 95% of the sample population. The data collected was analyzed with statistical tables, percentage calculations...
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...country in terms of the World Bank tables but according to Wilson (2011:2) as well as Cornell and Wilson (2012:1) poverty in South Africa, despite its high income ranking, is widespread and severe. The only possible explanation for the contradiction in South Africa’s characteristics would be the deep levels of inequality experienced within the country (Wilson 2011: 2). This essay is going to prove, through looking at what poverty and inequality entail, how it originated in South Africa as well as evaluating statistical evidence, that inequality is indeed a more pressing socio-economic challenge than poverty is in contemporary South Africa. According to Laderchi, Saith and Stewart (2007:1) most policies now a days are somehow related to the impact of poverty on the country but in order for these policies to make a difference it is important to know what we are aiming at and therefore a clear understanding of what poverty and inequality is as well as where these terms originated from is essential for success. Laderchi, Saith and Stewart (2007) supply us with multiple approaches to poverty including the monetary approach, capabilities approach, social exclusion approach as well as participatory approach. Universally the monetary approach is dominantly accepted and used. This approach describes poverty as being a shortfall below a minimum level of resources or poverty line which is assessed through whether the individual can meet the requirements of an adequate diet as well as being...
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...QSN : POVERTY IS A CAUSE OF INDIVIDUAL DEFICIENCIES.DISCUSS Poverty in its most general sense is the lack of necessities. Basic food, shelter, medical care, and safety are generally thought necessary based on shared values of human dignity. Some societies focus on individual failures and deficiencies to explain the occurrence and patterns of poverty. Personal characteristics such as laziness or lack of ability are seen as the primary causes of poverty. The poor are blamed for being poor and solutions to poverty are assumed to lie within their individual control. But this approach fails to acknowledge that poverty is not random. The likelihood of poverty varies sharply depending on age, gender, family structure, health, education, economic conditions and where you live. In other words, it is not the poor choices and ‘bad’ behaviour of individuals that lead to poverty, but structural failings which stack the odds against certain people and make it difficult for them to escape deprivation or reach their full potential. In other words however individual deficiencies may lead to poverty but only to a lesser extent since they are many more factors that may lead to poverty which include cultural belief systems, geographical disparities, and economic, political and social distortions or discrimination. These are some of the factors that lead to poverty which will be expanded in the essay below. Failure in life may be due to some inborn deficiencies such as physical or mental handicap...
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...global trend towards the rolling ball. The frontiers of the state with increased reliance on the market economy and renewed faith in the private capital and resources, a process of structural adjustment spurred by the studies and influences of the World Bank and other International organisations have started in many of the developing countries. Also Globalisation has brought in new opportunities to developing countries. Greater access to developed country markets and technology transfer hold out promise improved productivity and higher living standard. But globalisation has also thrown up new challenges like growing inequality across and within nations, volatility in financial market and environmental deteriorations. Another negative aspect of globalisation is that a great majority of developing countries remain removed from the process. Till the nineties the process of globalisation of the Indian economy was constrained by the barriers to trade and investment liberalisation of trade, investment and financial flows initiated in the nineties has progressively lowered the barriers to competition and hastened the pace of globalisation. Though the precise definition of globalisation is still unavailable a few definitions worth viewing, Stephen Gill: defines globalisation as the reduction of transaction cost of Trans border movements of capital and goods thus of factors of production and goods. Guy Brainbant: says that the process of globalisation not only includes opening up of world...
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...policy brief will focus on the issue of poverty in international development. It will define poverty and the causes of poverty such as unemployment, political instability and rapid urbanization. As well as, the impact these causes have on international development. Lastly, this policy brief will offer suggestions to eliminate poverty. Poverty is defined as the condition of having insufficient resources to live and is one of the largest problems in developing countries. In the poorest of developing countries, almost eighty percent of the population lives in absolute poverty; which has a variety of serious consequences on human lives (Handelman, 2011). With the rising rates of poverty, many face problems of famine and lack of lodging. Over half of the population of developing countries, live in urban slums. Urban slums are generally self-made homes of brick and tin close together where there is no access to clean drinking water, sanitation or urban services including health care. Sanitation is poor, if there is any at all, and the water is contaminated because of the sewage running through it. The immediate danger with this type of environment is the risk to the people’s health. This degree of poverty and lack of clean water leads to poor personal hygiene resulting in the proliferation of various harmful bacteria which results in the development of diseases such as cholera, malaria, etc. (Tharp, 2007). Unfortunately, poverty in developing countries has a variety of...
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...likely to be denied access to the traditional banking system. A typical client for a microfinance institution (MFI) is a person too poor to pay usual bank fees for savings accounts or other services or to provide sufficient collateral to back loans. Microfinance aims to bring out the skills of the poor and allow them to propel themselves out of poverty through providing financial services with which they can protect assets and grow microenterprises. MFIs have developed many innovative financial products to offer their clients beyond credit, such as microsavings, money transfer vehicles, and microinsurance. Microfinance is a growing industry throughout the developing world and comprises commercial banks, regulated banks, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and nonprofit organizations (NPOs). With approximately 17 million impoverished, there is a large market for the microfinance industry to capture; yet, in Colombia, it is not nearly as well established as in neighboring countries. Peru and Bolivia, for example, are among the world’s most competitive and innovative microfinance markets (The World Factbook). A NOTE ABOUT COLOMBIA Capital and largest city | Bogotá, D.C 4°35′N 74°4′W | Official languages | Spanish | Recognised regional languages | 68 ethnic languages and dialects. English also official in the archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina. | Legislature | Congress | • | Upper house | Senate | • | Lower house | Chamber of Representatives | Independence...
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...Research Study) Poverty, and the alleviation thereof, has been a discussion that has spanned centuries, specifically in the Unites States of America (USA). Now while those discussions have taken shape in various itineration’s (ie: political platforms, debates on entitlement structure, or simply encouraging individuals to help those less fortunate), everyone seems to agree that its ultimate remediation is beneficial to society; however, in terms of the actual path of forward, we open up a gambit of opinions and approaches. While the disagreement is real, we can take solace in the fact that there appears to be significant consensus on the actuals drivers that play a significant role in empowering the poor, being Capital, Knowledge, and Opportunity. In discussing poverty, it’s important to note that, contrary to common belief, poverty is an epidemic not specifically reserved for developing nations, and continues to be a major problem in the US. The below graph, derived from the US Census Bureau highlights the level of poverty, per race within the US in 2011. Some interesting observations include the incredibly high poverty rates among African American and Hispanics, and the obvious intra-race poverty disparity. Regardless of ones opinion on poverty and the mechanism to alleviate it, it’s worth noting that poverty possesses a heavy cost not only on its victims, but on society as a whole. There is significant statistical correlation between high poverty rates and elevated crime...
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...‘Globalization’, is an often-discussed but seldom-defined phenomenon. In my opinion it can be defined as interconnectedness on a global level, which usually means that something in one part of the world can impact upon the rest of the world. Additionally, it is all those processes by which people of the world are incorporated into one single society and impact countries and individuals in an uneven manner. There are various categories of globalization and they could be economic, cultural, technological and also social. However, this essay’s main focus is on identifying three social issues that arose because of globalization and discuss how they have affected the quality of life of the people in the Caribbean. These issues include; poverty, migration and culture and identity. To begin, (Ritzer, 2011) stated that, “globalization is the spread of worldwide practices, relations, consciousness, and organization of social life.” This implies that globalization is the driving force within society, which allow for the sharing of common goals and values for both social life, financial and political aspects as well. This helps move society from an obsolete to technological way of thinking. (UNDP, 1997) posits that “globalization encapsulates both a description and a prescription. The description is the widening and deepening of international flows of trade, finance and information in a single, integrated global market. The prescription is to liberalize national and global markets in the...
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