...working papers The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Technology Transfer and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Technology Transfer and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence By Rod Falvey Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy, School of Economics, The University of Nottingham and Neil Foster Department of Economics, University of Vienna In cooperation with Olga Memedovic UNIDO, Strategic Research and Economics Branch UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna, 2006 This publication was prepared by Olga Memedovic, UNIDO staff member from the Strategic Research and Economics Branch drawing on the background paper prepared for the UNIDO Research Project “Public Goods for Economic Development”, by Rod Falvey and Neil Foster. Rod Falvey is Professor of International Economics, Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy, School of Economics, The University of Nottingham. Neil Foster is Assistant Professor of economics at the Department of Economics, University of Vienna. The publication has benefited from the valuable comments provided by Professor David Greenaway during the finalization of this publication. UNIDO intern Robert Lambertus van Lavieren provided assistance during various stages of preparing this publication. The authors are grateful to Michael Bailey for proofreading the final...
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...retain the employee, company uses different motivational techniques. This report is provided to determine the importance of motivational techniques for retaining staff motivated. Based on literature and journal article, motivational factors are discussed in this report. And how these motivational factors motivate the employees in selected organisation i.e. Glaxo Smith line India Limited. Different Motivational theories are discussed here to help the organisation to develop and retain the sales force and also discussed the issues and risk of the same followed by proposed solution is also provided here (Ali & Danish, 2010). The motivational factors discussed here are based on my six years working experience with Glaxo and secondary research. Three components of motivation such as intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards and hygiene factors are discussed in this report. Company background Glaxo smith line pharmaceuticals limited is leading pharmaceutical company in India and his head office in...
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...Assignment of General Management on the Abilene Paradox: The Management of Agreement Joseph NGENZI MPAM/3020/11 This Term Paper is Submitted in partial fulfillment of UNIT MBA 603 grades of the School of Business and Public Management for the award of Master of Public Administration and Management. Mt. Kenya University July, 2011 INTRODUCTION Four adults are sitting on a porch in 104-degree heat in the small town of Coleman, Texas, some 53 miles from Abilene. They are engaging in as little motion as possible, drinking lemonade, watching the fan spin lazily, and occasionally playing the odd game of dominoes. The characters are a married couple and the wife’s parents. At some point, the wife’s father suggests they drive to Abilene to eat at a cafeteria there. The son in-law thinks this is a crazy idea but doesn’t see any need to upset the apple cart, so he goes along with it, as do the two women. They get in their unaired-conditioned Buick and drive through a dust storm to Abilene. They eat a mediocre lunch at the cafeteria and return to Coleman exhausted, hot, and generally unhappy with the experience. It is not until they return home that it is revealed that none of them really wanted to go to Abilene–they were just going along because they thought the others were eager to go. Naturally, everyone sees this miss in communication as someone else’s problem. Dr. Harvey used this wonderfully simple parable to illustrate what he believes is a major symptom of organizational...
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...BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS II Business Research Methods IIusiness Research Methods II A Simple Random Sampling method was used by the team in collecting sample data from a population that represent Mal-Mart customer. A simple random sampling is method of selecting items from the population such that every possible sample of a specified size has an equal chance of being selected (Lind, Marchal & Wathen, 2008). In this situation team B randomly selected a sample from the entire Wal-Mart customer population by going to store location to administer the questionnaires. During the course of the research the team uses the four levels of measurement scales in analyzing collected data. This paper will provide detailed information how the research impact Wal-Mart based on its customer shopping attitudes. Additionally, a detailed questionnaire suitable for the required sample will be presented (Appendix A). General Response Types From research about how the economy influences consumers who shop at Wal-Mart, the team devises the mapping rule that analyze the income of the sample of customers taken. For each concept or construct, different types of measurement are possible; the appropriate choice depends on what the team assumes about the mapping rules (Cooper, 2006). Based on the research findings, the appropriate general response type is classified. The classification mapping rules in this research is use to group or sort responses from the data collected...
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...Will The Advent of Online Intermediaries Diminish the Need for Travel Agents Totally in the Near Future? Erin Toh Temasek Polytechnic Abstract This paper will focus on the comparison between Retail Travel Agencies (TA) and Online Travel Agents/Intermediaries (OTA); and how the rise of technology has affected the business model and operations of traditional agents. Traditional TA in this paper refers loosely to those with a brick and mortar store, selling travel related services with human touch; while OTA are also selling travel related services, but without a brick and mortar store and solely relies on internet as a selling medium (Bottomley, 1997). The paper will start with an overview of the booming travel industry, followed by the main challenges facing the travel industry, namely labour crunch and human touch, discussed in the context of TA and OTA. An analysis of current consumers behaviour factors as identified by Zhou, Dai, and Zhang (2007), affecting purchase decisions will also be discussed. In addition, traditional TA roles have evolved throughout the years to offer differentiated services in order to keep within the competition. The distribution of travel products has undergone changes and in order to remain competitive, TA must take a page out of OTAs, adapt to technology and online platforms in order not to be rendered obsolete. Keywords: Travel Agents, Technology, Internet, Online Intermediaries, Online agents Will The Advent of Online Intermediaries...
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...Developing nations have attempted to resolve this tension through the issuance of patent compulsory licensesFauthorizations for government-approved generic copies1Fso that those in need of the n Assistant Professor of Business Law, School of Business, University of Connecticut. This article received the Holmes-Cardozo Award for Outstanding Submitted Conference Paper as well as the Ralph J. Bunche Best Paper Award at the Academy of Legal Studies in Business Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, August 2007. Our thanks for comments and support go to Jayashree Watal, Peter Yu, Douglas Lippoldt, and the other participants at the University of Connecticut’s Center for International Business Education and Research Conference, ‘‘The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on Innovation, Knowledge Diffusion, and Foreign Direct Investment in the Global Economy,’’ Storrs, CT, May 2007. Additional thanks to Anthony Kwasnica and Larry Cata-Backer for helpful comments. nn Associate Professor of Business Law, Smeal College of Business, The Pennsylvania State University. My research was supported by funding from the 2007 Smeal Competitive Research Grants Program. 1 The term ‘‘compulsory license’’ can refer to any compelled relaxation of an intellectual property owner’s right to exclude in exchange for a licensee’s...
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...Research Paper on Hybrid Cars The cars we use all over the world are detrimental to our Earth’s environment. In the United States, air quality often fails to meet federal standards. Air pollution, water pollution, global warming, and ozone depletion are some of the problems we face each day that reflect the consequences of our actions. The cars we drive emit exhaust gas, whose harmful elements cause acid rain and global warming. As a result of growing environmental concerns, the US government has been trying to resolve these problems. One such solution is the Hybrid car, which can save resources by giving off less emission. However, among the many benefits of Hybrid cars, there are also some drawbacks as well. Hybrids still exhaust some emissions, and their large batteries require frequent replacement. Now, fortunately, many companies are thinking of ways to improve Hybrid cars because if we don‘t stop driving gasoline powered vehicles, the earth’s resources will be destroyed. Driving a car is the worst pollutant. Despite attempts to make engines more fuel efficient and the increase in antipollution devices, emissions from passenger vehicles are increasing in Canada and the US. The main cause of this problem is that cars are getting bigger and consumers are driving pick-up trucks and sports vehicles instead of smaller, lighter passenger vehicles. The average new car in 2001 consumed more fuel than the average car in 1988. In 1987 cars averaged 25.9 miles to the gallon in...
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...SUCCESSES IN TECHNOLOGY Successes in Technology Leah Andersen Allied American University Author Note This paper was prepared for SOC250, Module 1 Homework Assignment taught by Instructor Jesse Kleis. Successes in Technology Technology has had a major impact on human successes over the past million years. Possibly the single most influential event in the public’s interest when it comes to science and technology, would be the Apollo II mission. The space field has had a major impact and also has provided us with the ability to learn new technology and advance in our latest technologies. Since the first man walked on the moon, science has advanced at a rapid pace; nuclear power, television, jet engines, satellites and computers proved that only the scope of our imaginations could possibility limit our progress. Ever since the first human walked on the moon, humans have looked beyond the moon to Earth’s neighbor planet, Mars. The Apollo mission showed us looking back at a fragile planet adrift in a void, making us second guess who we were and are in terms of species as well as our species’ place in a vast universe. Discovery of alien life, amounting to nothing more but only a string of protein or some nucleotides, most certainly changed our perspective on the role of life in the cosmos. The space technology has vastly changed our life and our way of living. The automobile is a major human success as well when it comes to technology. The early...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research DocumentsThe Research Paper Factory"">JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers"">Home Page » Business and Management Court Observation In: Business and Management Court Observation Court Observation On Monday I visited the District Court. This was my second attempt at visiting a court room; on my first trip I was told the judge did not have a docket for that day. A docket is defined as a calendar of cases awaiting action in a court. Jurisdiction is what gives the courts the power to hear and apply the law to certain types of cases. District Court has original jurisdiction for the following actions; all Traffic and Ordinance violations, all criminal misdemeanors, preliminary exams on felonies, small claims suits, civil lawsuits (amounts up to $25,000), and all contract disputes between tenants and landlords. When I arrived there were a lot of people waiting and I noticed signs posted on the court room doors that stated "Do not to enter until your name is called". Although I know court rooms are generally open to the public, I did not want to be intrusive so I waited patiently in the Traffic/Cashier line hoping someone would be able to assist me. Soon, someone escorted me into the court room. I looked around and tried to get familiar with the surrounding seeing as how this was my first time being in a court room. I quickly learned that the docket schedule to be heard were criminal and traffic cases. There were...
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...Competition Law and Intellectual Property Rights with Special Reference to the TRIPS Agreement Research Paper for the Competition Commission of India February-March 2010 Eashan Ghosh V Year, B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) National Law School of India University, Bangalore TABLE OF CONTENTS §1 THE IPR AND COMPETITION LAW INTERFACE_____2 §2 TYPES OF RESTRAINTS_____3 §3 COMPETITION LAW REGULATION OF IPRs ACROSS JURSIDICTIONS_____4 §3.1 Europe_____4 §3.2 US_____4 §3.3 Other Jurisdictions_____5 §4 THE TRIPS AGREEMENT_____5 §4.1 Article 7_____6 §4.2 Article 8.2 _____7 §4.3 Article 40_____7 §4.4 Article 6_____10 §4.5 Article 31_____11 §5 WHAT STANCE SHOULD DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TAKE?_____12 §6 ADDRESSING THE IPR AND COMPETITION LAW INTERFACE IN INDIA_____14 §6.1 Through Domestic Legislation_____14 §6.2 At International Fora_____15 §7 ENDNOTES_____17 BIBLIOGRAPHY_____29 Primary Sources_____29 Secondary Sources_____32 1 §1 THE IPR AND COMPETITION LAW INTERFACE The simple hallmark of competition law is the protection of those principles and practices which enable the efficient functioning of markets.1 A natural concomitant to this objective is making certain that incumbent enterprises do not engage in anticompetitive practices to the detriment of the market.2 However, the application of competition law standards—in terms of practices that should be banned outright, viewed as potentially anticompetitive or should be investigated further—varies widely across jurisdictions.3 The interaction...
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...This article was downloaded by: [Lahore University of Management Sciences] On: 02 May 2015, At: 09:58 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rana20 Understanding the influence of interpersonal relationships on identity and tourism travel Julia F. Hibbert a b a , Janet E. Dickinson & Susanna Curtin a a School of Tourism, Bournemouth University , Fern Barrow, Poole , BH12 5BB , United Kingdom b School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden Published online: 25 Jan 2013. To cite this article: Julia F. Hibbert , Janet E. Dickinson & Susanna Curtin (2013) Understanding the influence of interpersonal relationships on identity and tourism travel, Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 24:1, 30-39, DOI: 10.1080/13032917.2012.762313 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2012.762313 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness...
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...and is somewhat isolated from the river by the Doonella Bridge. Doonella Lake is an important part of the Noosa ecosystem because it’s gradually silting up and very shallow and so it provides ideal habitats and eating grounds for the flora and fauna. 2.0 METHODS OF RESEARCH 2.1 Primary and secondary research Primary Research Photographs: I recorded images of the native flora and fauna and took images of the local environment. Observations: I observed Lake Doonella and its many creeks. Field Sketch: I drew a sketch of the area from the perspective I could see, which included both the river and the trees/mangroves. Map: I used google maps of the Noosa Catchment to find out where it was located. Secondary Research Slide show: I used the NICA power point to find out about what they do and who does it. Websites: I used websites like the Sunshine Coast Waterways website and the NICA website to gather background information on the topic. Class notes: I used power points and notes from previous classes to give myself general knowledge about catchments. 3.0 Statement of findings 3.1 Native Plants Study Lake Doonella has an abundance of native plants, these plants consist of Lacey Ground Fern, Scribbly gum, Paper Bark, Fan Palm, Blue Tussock, Cut Sedge, Blue Tongue, Wombat Berry, Coast Sheoak and Swamp Mahogany. The plants and trees varied in amount, for example there where a large amount of Lacey Ground Fern but few Blue Tongue. Most of these plants play an important role in the...
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...The exploration of the Archives last week in the library allowed me to take a walk into the past of UMass student activism. However what struck me and made an interconnection was what I need to focus on and that being my capstone paper. While spending time in Amsterdam and looking at Northern European policies around incarceration rates I wanted to compare the two countries. Unsure of what I wanted to research in the archives, and how this trip could later develop into another paper I needed to write, I started to piece things together as I began to recall articles read over the last two semesters in STPEC in order to bridge together the bigger picture of social and economic injustices impacting communities of color and working class populations....
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...Discussion Papers in Economics INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM Amit Shovon Ray* and Sabyasachi Saha January, 2009 Discussion Paper 09-06 Centre for International Trade and Development School of International Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University India * Corresponding author, e -mail: amit.shovon.ray@gmail.com INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM Amit Shovon RAY ∗ Jawaharlal Nehru University, India and Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), India Sabyasachi SAHA Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), India ∗ Corresponding author, e -mail: amit.shovon.ray@gmail.com INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM ♣ Abstract: India’s stance at the WTO has undergone a sea change since the beginning of the Uruguay Round. This paper attempts to trace the shifting coordinates of India’s position at the WTO. By focussing on three specific areas of negotiations, namely agriculture, services and TRIPS, the paper presents a theoretical analysis of how India’s stance at the WTO has evolved over time and whether it reflects any paradigm shift. In the light of international relations theory we argue that although the coordinates of India’s stance at the WTO have shifted over time, the underlying ‘neorealist’ position adopted by India remains by and large unaltered. I. Introduction The...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |SCI/362 Version 6 | | |Environmental Issues and Ethics | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2006, 2004, 2003, 2001 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course applies scientific, philosophical, economic, and ethical principles to current and future environmental issues. Students will analyze the cumulative impact of human activities on global ecosystems, as well as responsibilities to the natural world, in terms of the complex interrelationships humans have with their environment. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies...
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