...Page:of 21 1 The economic way of thinking 1) Which economic question depends on the incomes that people earn and the prices they pay for goods and services? A) What? B) How? C) For whom? D) Why? E) Where? 2) Computers and insurance coverage produced in the United States and sold to people in other nations are categorized as A) U.S. consumption goods and services. B) foreign capital goods. C) U.S. government goods and services. D) U.S. exports of goods and services. E) U.S. imports of goods and services. 3) Economists classify energy and water as part of which factor of production? A) land B) labor C) capital D) entrepreneurship E) land if undeveloped and capital if developed 4) A circular flow model shows the interrelationship between the ________ market and the ________ markets. A) household; goods B) household; factor C) business; household D) expenditure; income E) goods;...
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...Principles of Microeconomics: At a Glance Description of the Examination The Principles of Microeconomics examination covers material that is usually taught in a one-semester undergraduate course in introductory microeconomics. This aspect of economics deals with the principles of economics that apply to the analysis of the behavior of individual consumers and businesses in the economy. Questions on this exam require test-takers to apply analytical techniques to hypothetical as well as real-world situations and to analyze and evaluate economic decisions. Test-takers are expected to demonstrate an understanding of how free markets work and allocate resources efficiently. They should understand how individual consumers make economic decisions to maximize utility, and how individual firms make decisions to maximize profits. Test-takers must be able to identify the characteristics of the different market structures and analyze the behavior of firms in terms of price and output decisions. They should also be able to evaluate the outcome in each market structure with respect to economic efficiency, identify cases in which private markets fail to allocate resources efficiently, and explain how government intervention fixes or fails to fix the resource allocation problem. It is also important to understand the determination of wages and other input prices in factor markets, and to analyze and evaluate the distribution of income. The examination contains approximately 80 questions to be answered...
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...[pic] Australian School of Business School of Economics ECON1101 MICROECONOMICS Course Outline Semester 1 2011 Table of Contents STAFF CONTACT DETAILS 3 1.1 Staff 3 1.2 Communications with staff 3 1.3 Pitstop 3 2 COURSE DETAILS 4 2.1 Teaching Times and Locations 4 2.2 Units of Credit 4 2.3 Summary of Course 4 2.4 Aims and Relationship to Other Courses 4 2.5 Student Learning Outcomes 5 3 LEARNING AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES 5 3.1 Approach to Learning and Teaching in the Course 5 3.2 Learning Activities and Teaching Strategies 6 4 ASSESSMENT 7 4.1 Formal Requirements 7 4.2 Quality Assurance 7 4.3 Assessment Details 8 4.3.1 Week 9 In-Session Test 8 4.3.2 Tutorial Participation 8 4.4 Final Exam Format 9 4.5 Feedback Quizzes 9 5 ACADEMIC HONESTY AND PLAGIARISM 10 6 COURSE EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT 10 7 STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES AND CONDUCT 11 7.1 Workload 11 7.2 Attendance 11 7.3 Keeping Informed 11 7.4 Special Consideration and Supplementary Examinations 11 You must submit all assignments and attend all examinations scheduled for your course. You should seek assistance early if you suffer illness or misadventure which affects your course progress. 11 General Information on Special Consideration: 11 8 STUDENT RESOURCES AND SUPPORT 13 9 COURSE RESOURCES 14 9.1 Other useful Readings: 14 10 COURSE SCHEDULE 15 10.1 Lecture Schedule 15 10.2 Tutorial Schedule 15 11 KEY DATES AND STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES...
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...organizations, and society as a whole. Here are the main points of the chapter: • Most of modern economics is based on positive analysis, which answers the question “What is?” or “What will be?” Economists contribute to policy debates by conducting positive analyses about the consequences of alternative actions. • Normative analysis answers the question “What ought to be?” • The choices made by individuals, firms, and governments answer three questions: What products do we produce? How do we produce the products? Who consumes the products? • To think like economists, we (a) use assumptions to simplify, (b) use the notion of ceteris paribus to focus on the relationship between two variables, (c) think in marginal terms, and (d) assume that rational people respond to incentives. • We use macroeconomics to understand why economies grow, to understand economic fluctuations, and to make informed business decisions. • We use microeconomics to understand how markets work, to make personal and managerial decisions, and to evaluate the merits of public policies. Learning Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. List the three key economic questions. Discuss the insights from economics for a real-world problem such as congestion. List the four elements of the economic way of thinking. List three ways to use macroeconomics. List three ways to use microeconomics. 1.1 What Is Economics? Economics is the study of how people, businesses, governments, and other organizations make choices when there is scarcity...
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...Analyzing Competitive Market Conditions and Formulating Strategies ECO/365 Reflection on Fundamentals of Microeconomics The study of macroeconomics and microeconomics provides the fundamental tools to assists business owners and finance managers in the decision making process. These tools also assist us in understanding how organizations and the economy operate as a whole. Many factors affect supply and demand. Price is the main factor that affects the supply and demand levels, this change can be reflected by a movement along the supply or demand curve. Factors that are not related to price, will shift the entire supply or demand curves. Before a firm decides to make changes in the price of their goods, it must determine the price elasticity of demand for that good. In this reflection paper, each team member will evaluate and discuss important economic concepts covered during week one. Discussions will also include any topics that members are having difficulty understanding. The portion I am having difficulty understanding is the production possibilities curve. I understand that in order to produce more of one item, you must give up some level of the production of another item. My problem is that I am not able to interpret all of the points in the production possibilities curve graph. (Maritza) Macroeconomics is the study of economies based on a national, regional and global scale. It measures the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making...
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...companies, factories, hall, supermarkets, schools as well as in our house. It is said that using this tool makes work efficient, accurate, and with less effort. In companies, computer is used in business transactions, payrolls, inventories, and many more. Computer is also used at home for teaching and aids in attaining educational purpose for the benefits of the students. Computer can assist one in a particular subject. The best example of this is the (CAI)Computer – Assisted Instruction which contains several instructions for the readers. CAI is a computer based instructional programs for individual learners. The term most often refers to drill and practice , tutorial , or simulation exercises used as stand – alone instruction or as supplementary materials, a more...
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...EcoNomIcs mIcroEcoNomIcs macroEcoNomIcs Course Description Effective Fall 2012 AP Course Descriptions are updated regularly. Please visit AP Central® (apcentral.collegeboard.org) to determine whether a more recent Course Description PDF is available. The College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of more than 5,900 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education. Each year, the College Board helps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success — including the SAT® and the Advanced Placement Program®. The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators, and schools. For further information, visit www.collegeboard.org. AP Equity and Access Policy The College Board strongly encourages educators to make equitable access a guiding principle for their AP programs by giving all willing and academically prepared students the opportunity to participate in AP. We encourage the elimination of barriers that restrict access to AP for students from ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groups that have been traditionally underserved. Schools...
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...Post-Graduate Diploma in Management Managerial Economics Course Owner: Sadananda Prusty, Ph. D Name of Faculty Members to Teach this Course (To be mentioned after final course allocation) Institute of Management Technology Ghaziabad Course Background and Learning Objectives: “Economics is a study of mankind in the ordinary business of life.” So wrote Alfred Marshall, the great nineteenth-century economist, in his textbook, Principles of Economics. Although we have learned much about the economy since Marshall’s time, this definition of economics is as true today as it was in 1890, when the first edition of his text was published. In recent years, there are many questions about the economy that might spark any one’s curiosity. Why are apartments so hard to find in Mumbai City? Why do airlines charge less for a round-trip ticket? Why executive class airfare is costlier than economic class? Why are jobs easy to find in some years and hard to find in others? Why a package tour costs less as compared to individual booking of air ticket and hotel? Moreover, as one go about his/her life, he/she make many economic decisions. During student carrier one has to decide how many years to stay in school. After joining in a job, one has to decide how much of his/her income to spend, how much to save, and how to invest his/her savings. When running a small business or a large corporation, and one will decide what prices...
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...F.Y.B.A. Paper – I Economic Theory (Micro Economics-I) SECTION – I Module 1 : Introduction Meaning, nature, scope, significance and limitations of micro economics. Ceteris Paribus – use and significance. Concept and types of equilibrium : stable, unstable, static and dynamic equilibrium – partial equilibrium and general equilibrium, positive economics and normative economics, managerial economics. Basic concepts – wealth, welfare and scarcity. Basic tools of economics analysis (equations and functions, graphs and diagrams, slope and intercepts) Module 2 : Consumers Behaviour and Demand Marishallian Approach : Equi-marginal utility, Law of demand – Determinants of demand. Elasticity of demand and its measurement. Price – Income – Cross and Promotional elasticity of demand. Consumer’s Surplus. Hicksian Approach : Indifference curves – properties of Indifference Curve, Consumer’s Equilibrium, Price effect, Income effect and substitution effect – Derivation of demand from Price Consumption Curve (PCC) – Giffen’s paradox. Samuelson Approach : Revealed Preference Theory. Module 3 : Production and Cost Analysis Concept of production function : short run and long run – Cobb – Douglass production function. isoquants – iso-cost line – producer’s equilibrium. Law of variable proportion and Law of returns to scale – Economies of scale – Economies of scope. Concepts of costs : Money and real cost, Opportunity cost, Social cost, Private cost – Derivation of short run and long run cost curves–...
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...benefits against marginal costs when making decisions and will choose the situation where the marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost. You will develop a better understanding of these features as you read about the economic issues in this book. Economics relies heavily on the scientific method to develop theories and principles to explain the likely effects from human events and behavior. It involves gathering data, testing hypotheses, and developing theories and principles. In essence, economic theories and principles (and related terms such as laws and models) are generalizations about how the economic world works. Economists develop economic theories and principles at two levels. Microeconomics targets specific units in the economy. Studies at this level research such questions as how prices and output are determined for particular products and how consumers will react to price changes. Macroeconomics focuses on the whole economy, or large segments of it. Studies at this level investigate such issues as how to increase economic growth, control inflation, or maintain full employment. Studies at either level have elements of positive economics, which investigates facts or cause-and-effect relationships, or normative economics, which incorporates subjective views of...
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...How do companies decide what price to charge for their sleek new gadgets? Why are some people willing to pay more for a product than others? How do your decisions play into how corporations price their products? The answer to all of these questions and many more is microeconomics. Read on to find out what microeconomics is and how it works. Tutorial: Microeconomics 101 What Is It? Microeconomics focuses on the role consumers and businesses play in the economy, with specific attention paid to how these two groups make decisions. These decisions include when a consumer purchases a good and for how much, or how a business determines the price it will charge for its product. Microeconomics examines smaller units of the overall economy; it is different than macroeconomics, which focuses primarily on the effects of interest rates, employment, output and exchange rates on governments and economies as a whole. Both microeconomics and macroeconomics examine the effects of actions in terms of supply and demand. (To learn more about supply and demand, see Economics Basics.) Microeconomics breaks down into the following tenets: •Individuals make decisions based on the concept of utility. In other words, the decision made by the individual is supposed to increase that individual's happiness or satisfaction. This concept is called rational behavior or rational decision-making. •Businesses make decisions based on the competition they face in the market. The more competition a business...
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...wonderful nation they live in, first society must understand the uncompetitive health care system this country has. Even though, America is known for its dynamics of doing business, intellectuals and government itself still have not master a proper idea, mechanism, and structure of a proper healthcare system in the U.S. Many strategies can be master and practice to achieve a much productive service of health care for Americans. The article, “How to bring the Price of Health Care into the Open” written by Melinda Beck published in the Wall Street Journal on February 23 of present year, addresses many substantial topics and ideas of our former health care system. Her main points are to inform, educate, and alert consumers in advance about health care pricing. The ways she delivers her points are by talking about how to bring the price of health care into the open, price transparency, the disparity between list prices and the aid from insurance providers. Before going into clear description of Becks article one must set a foundation by defining Microeconomics and how the article relates to it. As defined by Krugman he writes, “Microeconomics is the branch of economics that studies how people make decisions and how these...
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...MICROECONOMICS FALL2014 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS (Set 01.01) 1. What do economists mean when they say that the economy faces scarcity? A. There are fewer resources available than there were in the 1960s. B. It is quite evident that the world is running out of resources. C. The economy is producing far below its capacity to produce. D. The resources available are not sufficient to produce all that everyone wants. 2. Which of the following terms describes the next best alternative that must be sacrificed as a result of making a particular choice? A. Microeconomics. B. Macroeconomics. C. Scarcity. D. Opportunity costs. E. The law of increasing costs. 3. (p. 12-13) All of the following except one are considered to be among the three fundamental questions in economics? Which one is the exception? A. What to produce? B. How much competition? C. How to produce? D. For whom? 4. (p. 7) All of the following except one are factors of production. Which is the exception? A. Land. B. Labour. C. Capital. D. Money. E. Enterprise. 5. (p. 8) What are the payments made to the owners of land, labour, capital and enterprise respectively? A. Rent, wages, dividends and profits. B. Rent, wages, dividends and interest. C. Rent, profits, wages and interest. D. Rent, wages, interest and profits. E. Rent, wages, profits and interest 6. (p. 7) All of the following except one are microeconomic statements. Which is the exception? A. The price of wheat declined...
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...Microeconomics Practice Questions Set 10 Externalities and Public Goods (Not Graded) Part A. Multiple Choice Questions: Choose only one, most satisfactory answer for each question. 1. Which of the following is the best example of a common property? a) The car of a student who is frequently willing to give her friends rides around town. b) The air that you breathe. c) Bread that you bake and share. d) Disney World 2. If the value that people, on average, receive from a common property exceeds the marginal cost of its use, then a) more people will use the common property. b) social gain is as large as possible. c) the common property creates zero economic rent. d) demand for the common property will fall. 3. Whether or not people have identical tastes, the net value that the marginal user receives from a common property is a) positive. b) zero. c) negative. d) uncertain. The following questions refer to the accompanying diagram, which shows the benefits and costs associated with the use of a common property. [pic] 4. Refer to the above diagram. If access cannot be prohibited, then users of the common property receive a surplus of a) zero. b) area I. c) area F + G + H + I. d) area A + C + F + I. 5. Refer to Common Property II. Suppose the common property becomes privately owned. If the owner behaves competitively, what entrance fee would he charge...
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...Many countries have recently imposed a ban on smoking in public areas, including restaurants and bars. Discuss whether an outright ban is necessarily superior to either a Pigovian or Coasian solution to the externalities created by smoking in public places. Introduction Partial smoking bans have become increasingly popular in Western democracies in recent years and tend to revolve around the banning of smoking in public areas. This essay will explore economic arguments and solutions relating to the externalities caused by smoking. The central problem at the heart of this issue is the over-consumption of cigarettes and the problem that the externalities of smoking cause for the general public and therefore this essay will show that efforts to curb total level of cigarette consumption can be approached from a variety of different perspective (see graph below). The essay will begin by discussing the economics of externalities before moving on to examine Pigovian and Coasian theoretical frameworks. The final section of the essay will apply these frameworks and will show that on balance a Pigovian tax in conjunction with a partial ban is the socially optimum solution. For the purposes of this essay an outright ban will refer to a total ban of cigarette consumption in society. [pic] Fig. 1 – Negative Consumption Externalities (Tutor2u, 2013). The economics of externalities The notion of externalities is not straightforward to define and Vanhove argues that externalities is...
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