...the negotiation strategies and tactics used in the process. Gender difference, personality, culture, perception, cognition, and emotion are all huge influencers of negotiation. Take the following scenario for instance; there is an all-male negotiating team from the United States that seeks a cell phone price of $6 per unit. Assume the American team embodies the following Hofstede’s cultural dimensions: •Individualistic (negotiators from individualistic cultures may be more likely to swap negotiators. Getting the best deal for self is important.) •Low-power distance (cultures with low power distance are more likely to spread the decision making throughout the organization (utilization of vertical decision making). Options by other members of the organization/team are welcomed and it is possible to question a leader’s decision) •Short-term orientation (building and marinating relationship is only valued during the negotiation process. Once negotiations conclude, so does the relationship. ) •Low-context (XXXX) While on the other hand, there is an all-female negotiating team from China that offers cell phones with a $9 per unit price tag. Yet, the Chinese team embodies the following Hofstede’s cultural dimensions: •Collectivistic (collectivistic societies integrate individuals into cohesive groups, largely compressed of governments, which practices what is best for the welfare of all over individualism.) •High-power distance (According...
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...ISLLC Standards Final Benchmark Assessment Lynn Carpenter Grand Canyon University: EDA-534 Date: October 13, 2014 Unwrapping the Standards Template * * Standard: #1(Vision): A school administrator is an educational leader who promotes the success of all students by facilitating the development, articulation, implementation, and stewardship of a vision of learning that is shared and supported by the school community. | Knowledge - | Skills - | Enduring Understandings | Essential Questions | Administrators will know… | Administrators will be able to … | Administrators will understand that… | | How to diagnose the status of the school (including its strengths and weaknesses) by critically assessing the school’s data as it relates to student achievement.How to expand the knowledge of a diverse group of learners with a vast range of abilities. | Effectively conduct a data analysis of student achievement and implement successful programs that can increase student achievement By using this data to identify critical areas in need of improvement, the leader (and his/her followers) will work to establish a focused game plan for addressing needs. | Success of the school’s vision is dependent on unity and support of all school’s stakeholders understanding and implementation of the vision. They will also understand that they cannot do it alone; a collaborative approach is best.A leader will understand themselves; their weaknesses and strengths. By understanding...
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...discretion, I think of someone using their logical rationale to make the best decision within a given a set of circumstances. Another aspect of discretion is being discreet. That aspect focuses more closely on doing things and exhibiting actions without the knowledge of others. In this essay I will talk about both aspects of discretion and various applications of each aspect. Discretion is a social tool that is used by every one on a daily basis. When there aren’t specific rules put into place that you must follow, then you must then use your autonomy to make a decision that make the most sense. Discretion goes hand in hand with ones common sense. One example of exhibiting discretion could be explained with the following scenario. Imagine that you are driving down the street and the light happens to turn yellow. You have to make the decision to either slow down or go faster. Even though the law calls for you to slow down, it is still permissible for you to use your discretion when making that decision. You may decide to keep going as opposed to stopping because you feel as if you are going too fast to make a safe stop. Discretion is useful because it gives you the power to decide what is okay and what isn’t. Everyone has their own gauge of discretion but only some are good. This is the same with common sense. Most people have common sense, but they just vary in the extent to which they possess it. Practicing good discretion will get you far in life. It shows that you are trustworthy...
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...and is a environment which is prevalent all over the world. Laws have been created to help eliminate and punish companies which use sweatshop labor. Consumer demands often times drive companies to utilize sweatshops for production. When demands from the consumer increase companies look for ways to increase production at the lowest cost possible. They fail to see the unlawfulness and ethics violations that go along with labor law violators. The rise in revenue for companies which use sweatshops is very benefiting if the company is not found to be using sweatshops. Decisions like these normally come from high ranking officials who are only thinking about the bottom line of revenue and not the violations and fines the company will have to pay for. Different ethical perspectives guide decision making when the gains are better than the current situation the company may be experiencing. The unethical decisions which are made normally benefit a few select members of a company for only their personal gains in revenue. Mass production from sweatshops affect the product the consumer is purchasing from such high mass production and poor working environments for the sweatshop employees. The low pay and gender discrimination violations in sweatshops make for a very stressful work environment for just about every employee. When ethical perspectives are ignored for the simplicity of certain...
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...As the manager I had many critical decisions to make before bringing the company success in revenue. The simulation used critical thinking to evaluate the problem that was not generating profits for the store. The techniques used were not very different from any that I would have used if the store was one that I managed. I would have made an attempt to identify the cause of the problem, figuring out when the problem originated or what caused the store to stop generating profit. The simulation gave me a good idea, it stated that there was competition and the employees were not happy. I have noticed that when an employee loses his or her moral it will reflect on his or her work and on the company he or she represents. A perfect example in the store is falling sales and customers going elsewhere. When a company has happy employees, they have happy customers and happy customers equal profit. Without arriving to the root of the problem one cannot find a long-lasting solution; thus evaluating what is making the sales drop and the employees unhappy will help managers come up with a favorable decision in solving the problem. Once a decision is made I would focusing on dissatisfied customer, inflation or the cost of upgrading an information system generating inaccurate results. A good manager has to look ahead at what may happen before a problem becomes so big that it affects the company in such a way that profits begin to decrease. I would consider evaluating the impact of the alternative...
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...business executive can demonstrate virtue when dealing with a disgruntled shareholder at the annual meeting. Virtue in ethics focuses on the moral character of the decision maker. The executive will need to use their life to learn and reciprocate virtue. There are many different traits an executive could have. The executive must be a good citizen, businessman, and virtuous acting given any situation. First, being a good citizen is important. Always being as selfless as possible. By practicing this in society it will help you to maintain your selflessness in an argument or disagreement in any situation. The executive,prior to and while being a citizen, will have also learned morals and how to stick with them. While always applying morality in decisions made in society as a citizen, the executive has reinforced using this decision making process at work as well. Morals and selflessness that were learned as a citizen will carry over to work life to help manage a disgruntled shareholder. Second, being a virtuous businessman is even more practice at handling a disgruntled shareholder. When the executive is always moral at work, no matter the situation, the executive is prepared for arguments that arise while being able to show their real character traits. Being able to be virtuous in business decisions will show the shareholder that they have the best moral character and help discourage them from even being disgruntled. Finally, always acting in a virtuous way...
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...thinking: Strategies in decision-making 350 Robert Wenger July 26, 2010 Critical Thinking Application Paper Making decisions is a skill that people use daily in their personal and professional lives. Although people make decisions often, knowing how to think critically is a learned skill that not everyone does effectively. Thinking critically allows a decision-maker to analyze a problem or situation in a structured fashion to come to a sound conclusion. In this paper I will explain critical thinking and provide an example from my own personal experience applying critical thinking in the workplace. I will also look at the importance and benefits of critical thinking in the decision-making process. “Critical thinking is self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way. People who think critically consistently attempt to live rationally, reasonably, empathically” (The Critical Thinking Community [CTC], 2009, para 8). Effective critical thinkers are non-discriminatory, which enables them to consider all relevant viewpoints equally without letting assumptions or bias interfere. These strong-sense critical thinkers place value in the fair and just and make ethical decisions (Paul & Elder, 2006). To think critically, a person must have the ability to view a situation or problem objectively and collect and analyze relevant information to come to a reasonable and valid decision. This kind of thinking...
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...Approaches to Decision Making Stephanie Kert HCA/250 October 16, 2014 Cynthia Baxter Reduce Infection Control Long term care facilities have high infection rates due to patients being within close proximity of one another. Long term care residents are usually older in which due to their immune systems are usually more susceptible to highly infectious illnesses. Due to this increase, there are specialized precautions and procedures that are expected to be followed in order to control spreading. Infection Protocols Spreading of infections can cost healthcare facilities more money especially if the proper precautions were not used. The first step is to identify the problem, than a plan must be put together to figure out how to begin implementation. The problem is reducing infection in which administrators could begin by holding weekly meetings that serve as a refresher on infection prevention protocol. During these meetings all staff and administrators can analyze what areas need extra focus which tends to be forgotten to hectic schedules. (Robbins, DeCenzo, & Coulter, 2011). Also long term care facilities must keep their protocols and procedures reviewed and updated on a yearly basis in order to better reduce the number of infections. The director of nursing needs to be notified by the laboratory when any patient cultures come back positive that may represent a form of infection. Additionally, there needs to be specific “tracking of dates and times when infected...
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...Ethical Decision Making Lisa Stanley Grand Canyon University: HLT 305 April 18, 2012 Ethical Decision Making The ethical dilemma here is about a six year old child rush to the hospital for medical treatments. The six year old symptoms consist of convulsions and violent vomiting while attending school. The attending physician made a diagnosis of Meningitis and suggested medical treatment. However, being the parents are both Christian Scientists and decided against medical treatment, but the attending physician initiate medical treatment anyway causing a lawsuit by the parents against the and hospital. Since both parents are Christian Scientists, practicing Christian Science, It would be in the physician best interest to respect their wishes. Christian Science teaches Christian Science teaches that it’s never God's will for anyone to suffer, be sick, or die. Instead, it shows how God is entirely good, and therefore his will for each of us is only health and life (Christian Science, 2012).If I was in the position of the physician and hospital, I would respect the parent’s wishes. We should respect others beliefs and or religions because we never know when we may be put into a position to utilize our religion or belief, and besides it may save us a lawsuit in the long run. In this particular situation Contextual Features would be appropriate for use, because it covers all grounds for the parent’s wishes to be follow among other things that may have hin-dered them...
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...constant changes in the everyday life. This instability brings difficulties to make decisions in a long run, affecting people as individuals and as part of the community. Making decisions based on emotions or intuitions seems the fastest and easiest way rather than gathering the information from different sources, making analysis, and reach the right conclusions. The right process, the main purpose of this paper intends to define: The critical thinking, including an example where critical thinking can be applied, and remarking the importance and the benefits of critical thinking in de decision-making process. By definition, critical thinking is a process of examination of one’s thinking taking control of thoughts and tracing a way to assess any situation and create objective decisions. Studying and practicing critical thinking develop the ability to think more effectively, more rational, and more objective, and through the proper analysis exercises reaching clarity, relevance, accuracy, depth, logicalness, and breadth (Paul & Elder, 2006). When problems arise people fall into an irrational disposition of thinking that problems bring themselves possible solutions but this is not true all the times. It is important realizing that critical thinking help people to ask relevant questions, analyze the evidence supporting the arguments, researching and collecting information, and take the right decision. In the...
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...Gifford announced that some of the clothing Walmart sold were made by Honduran children working 20 hours shifts. It is not common to see child labor but it some countries it is normal. Not only do children have to work in for low wages and in extreme conditions but women also suffer. How does consumer demand affect a company's business decision? When demand for a particular products is high, you have to be able to meet the consumers' needs by having the product available. That's why so many businesses look for production companies to produce their good and sweatshops are the best route to go. If you hired one individual to make your garments, you would not have enough product to service all your clientele especially if it's a popular item. A company is not going to spend a $100 to make $20. That just not how it is going to work. There are five steps with ethical decisions making principles in business. Moral relativism (self-interest), utilitarianism (calculation of cost/ benefits), universalism (duty), rights (individual entitlement), and justice (fairness and equality). Those are the five principles that guide ethical decisions making. For all business partners to be on the same page, they must all share the...
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...system and under constrained resource conditions. Managerial Decision Making • Management decisions often involve the projection of consequences into a highly uncertain future. • Management decisions have enormous variety and most decisions depend on the decision context. • Management decisions can relate to both repetitive and unique situations. • Management decisions often have to be taken on an imperfect knowledge of underlying phenomena. • Management decisions often have to be taken on basis of untested cause-effect relationships. Data for Managerial Decision Making • All the data required for taking good managerial decisions is rarely if ever available or complete. • Data used can range from subjective to objective. • Data used can range from quantified to judgmental. • Probability judgments, expectations and intuitions are needed to prop up management decisions. Good Managerial Decision Making • Managers often need to create new responses to managerial situations never experienced before. • Good managerial decisions making requires the ability to accumulate, classify, analyze and build upon a variety of earlier managerial situations and the managerial responses that were then evoked. • Managerial experience can over time build the intuition of practicing managers and help them improve judgmental ability to take better decisions. Case Analysis as Pedagogy Case analysis is a major pedagogy...
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...The importance and benefits of critical thinking in the decision-making processes Critical Thinking: Strategies in decision making MGT/ 330 Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and fairness. It entails the examination of those structures or elements of thought implicit in all reasoning: purpose, problem, or question-at-issue, assumptions, concepts, empirical grounding; reasoning leading to conclusions, implications and consequences, objections from alternative viewpoints, and frame of reference. Critical thinking - in being responsive to variable subject matter, issues, and purposes – is incorporated in a family of interwoven modes of thinking, among them: scientific thinking, mathematical thinking, historical thinking, anthropological thinking, economic thinking, moral thinking, and philosophical thinking. http://www.criticalthinking.org/aboutCT/definingCT.cfm. Scriven M; Paul R: A working definition of critical thinking. One may asked, why is critical thinking important? I believe that Critical...
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... Abe Lincoln cultivated a deep understanding of the human nature of people. Through this concept, he practiced several principles that led him to meet his goals and his larger vision for the nation to remain united. By spending most of his time with people to understand their nature and motives, Lincoln used the knowledge he gained and his keen ability to persuade in a positive manner rather than using coercive power. His basic philosophy of persuasion, support and delegation was exactly the style of leadership needed to pull the country back to together during the Civil War. Abe appealed to his subordinates’ sense of self-efficacy. He knew the value of making requests and empowering others as opposed to issuing orders. Everyone today can improve his or her leadership and organizational effectiveness by practicing Abraham Lincoln’s honesty, integrity and consistency. The success of the United States government at the time can partly be attributed to the strong shared values of its people which were consistently instilled by its president. Lincoln drew people together by continually professing and exemplifying his beliefs in “the pursuit of...
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...Introduction Ethical decision-making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner that are consistent with the principles of ethics and professional behavior (Blink, 2015). When making decisions, organizations often require commitment, consciousness, and competence. One interesting aspect of ethical decision-making is that they are not only morally “correct” but they are also effective. In other words, ethical decisions generate and maintain trust, demonstrate respect, responsibility, fairness, and caring, and are consistent with good citizenship. Ethics is effective in guiding the organizations objectives as they relate to the corporate strategy. The case study; is about the mercantile and ranching industry leader Babbitt Ranches for analyzes of the ethics within the family business as it relates to their corporate strategy. It was the challenge of President Bill Comdisco to lead the organization in new business opportunities that were inclusive of the companies long standing values. Mr. Cordasco recognized that the future of the organization was contingent upon meeting the needs of the multigenerational stakeholders. The article highlights several challenges that Babbitt Ranch experience in an attempt to align the organization's objectives with the organizational strategy through team decisions. Points of Agreement In 1988, the company was forced to debt finance stock buy from some of the third generation owners seeking liquation...
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