...Generic Prescription Drug Costs Prescription drugs have been causing problems in the United States for a very long time. Pharmaceutical companies are one of the largest profiting global industries. It was in 2009 when drug shortages increased with numbers reaching what many have termed crisis level which raised all prices of generic prescription drugs significantly (Fox, Sweet, & Jensen, 2014). This increase was and still is leaving patients with a life threatening decision; either go on paying for their prescriptions which they cannot afford or stop their treatment all together and risk their illness progressing and leading to possible death. Some have chosen to end their treatment altogether, while other patients have confessed to taking dangerous measures to ensure their refills last longer like cutting their pills in half or skipping doses. The United States drug manufacturers are raising prices endlessly without regulation. Instead of generic brand medication being affordable, they are creating their own monopolies and setting their prices just as competitively as name brands. Instead of buying and stocking manufacturers with raw materials from within the United States, they source raw materials from overseas creating delays and a huge shortage in raw materials has surfaced. Instead of keeping the FDA in the loop as to what is going on in the production process, manufacturers wait until the very last minute to report a problem which goes against all rules, regulations...
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...Health Care Reform Project: Part I-Prescription Drugs Prescription drug abuse and prescription overprescribing, of all categories, is becoming rampant in the United States. It is also one of the most rapidly growing dilemmas in America influencing people of all ages. Prescription drug use in the past was limited to adults. Over the last decade, more and more children and adolescents are consumers of these drugs. Coping with children who behaved badly in the past has taken a new direction that includes prescribing medications. Medical professions now have the option to prescribe these medications as they see fit. Many physicians are more than willing to write a prescription based on the complaints of a patient rather than finding other treatment options or the root of the problem. Drugs manufactures have had to come up with new and innovative ways to market these drugs to healthcare providers and the public as well. As society changes so will the way drugs are marketed, prescribed and taken. Demand for prescription drugs will continue to increase as well as the overall cost. Consumers today demand more flexibility in acquiring prescription medications rather than using the traditional drug stores. Patients are swamped by pharmaceutical ads and physicians are repeatedly proliferated with drug prescribing information from pharmaceuticals representatives. Getzen and Allen (2007) states, “the average American fills 11 prescriptions per year. Pharmaceuticals were a...
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...Health Care Spending Paper Mary Guzewicz HSC/440 May 14, 2010 Bruce Nave Health Care Spending Paper With in the United States the health care cost for individuals has increased and will continue to increase. This is in a major way due to the fact that equipment, research and technology are always increasing. This paper will discuss what healthcare spending has increased and in which state has a high amount of healthcare spending. The paper will also discuss possible changes that may help lower the cost of three part of our major health care spending. There is wide variation in health care spending across the United States. Health care spending has been on the rise for years. According to (Cuckler, 2011) “In 2009, the 10 states that had the highest levels of total personal health care spending per capita were Massachusetts, Mas Alaska, Connecticut, Maine, Delaware, New York, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, North Dakota, and Pennsylvania. The per capita spending for these 10 states ranged from 13 to 36 percent higher than the average U.S. per capita spending level and ranged from $7,730 for Pennsylvania to $9,278 for Massachusetts.” These ten states have the highest health care spending and they share a number of demographic and economical characteristics. Table 1. Real per capita spending and spending growth for select provider types, 1970–2008 Average annual growth rate (%) Total Public Private Total 8.5 9.1 7.9 Hospital...
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...‘ Health Care Delivery Systems Issue Report: Cost of Prescription Medications Jill Stanley Seattle Pacific University Health Care Delivery Models NUR 4944 July 19, 2014 Most everyone knows that the United States has the leading role when it comes to health care spending and pays out almost one thousand dollars per person per year on pharmaceuticals (Paris, 2014). Sadly, while the financial burden is high for the average family, many Americans are not taking their recommended medications because of the high costs. One in five Americans skip doses because of the cost (Paris, 2014). While there are many things nurses can do to enhance prescription medication compliance, understanding costs and helping implement ways in which patients can control costs, while promoting better outcomes, is critical. The United States spends almost 800 dollars a unit per population on prescription drugs, more than any other country and almost twice the average of 401 dollars per capita (OECD), (Ginsburg et al., 2009, p. 28). Prescriptions account for 17% of all privately insured health care costs and 25.4% of out of pocket spending according to Health Care Cost and Utilization Report (HCCI): 2011. Brand name or patented drugs have increased in price by 17.7% from 2010 to 2011 and generic drugs have actually decreased in cost by -7.2% for the same years from the same HCCI report. Generic drugs have had an increase in utilization from consumers’ while brand name has decreased and this...
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...doctors points to two seemingly contradictory conclusions, and a health care system at odds with itself. Skip to next paragraph A government-sponsored survey of the use of computerized patient records by doctors points to two seemingly contradictory conclusions, and a health care system at odds with itself. The report, published online on Wednesday in The New England Journal of Medicine, found that doctors who use electronic health records say overwhelmingly that such records have helped improve the quality and timeliness of care. Yet fewer than one in five of the nation’s doctors has started using such records. Bringing patient records into the computer age, experts say, is crucial to improving care, reducing errors and containing costs in the American health care system. The slow adoption of the technology is mainly economic. Most doctors in private practice, especially those in small practices, lack the financial incentive to invest in computerized records. The national survey found that electronic records were used in less than 9 percent of small offices with one to three doctors, where nearly half of the country’s doctors practice medicine. Dr....
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...head: Business Ethics Research Paper Direct to Consumer Marketing of Prescription Drugs Abstract Advertising of prescription drugs remains a controversial topic due to the American citizen health and the doctor-patient relationship. There have been many changes in the federal regulation of print and broadcast advertising over the past twenty years. This has been a gray area of regulatory developments since the original Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906, which limits the informal and indirect marketing of pharmaceutical drugs. Other than the voluntary decision to follow the AMA Code of Ethics, no formal regulation has been enforced. Direct to Consumer Marketing of Prescription Drugs My research paper will show both sides in the lively debate of Pharmaceutical companies directly marketing to the American public. On one side of this debate is the argument that the growth of Direct-to-Consumer advertising has changed the role of a physician in reducing his/her authority. It is also concerning that the non-medically trained average American absorbing the information on benefits and risks from Direct to Consumer advertising instead of trusting the medically trained physician. The other side of this debate is a lack of public awareness of Pharmaceutical Drug options for medical conditions. Studies have shown mixed results and in 1985, the FDA gave notice in the Federal Register claiming jurisdiction of the Direct to Consumer advertising of prescription drugs so it would provide...
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...generating billions of dollars in revenues on prescription drugs that have patent protection. Once a drug loses its patent protection, other manufacturers are allowed to make a generic form of the drug. Having a generic form of a brand name drug available should increase the supply in the market for consumers by driving cost down. This paper will discuss the effect of generic drugs and evaluate their effect on the supply and demand for drugs that no longer have patent protection. An example of a prescription drug that recently lost its patent is Lipitor. It is a cholesterol-lowering drug. It has been a top selling drug for several years, totaling over seven billion dollars in sales in the US and a combined total of over ten billion dollars worldwide in 2010. Lipitor’s patent expired on November 30, 2011 making the drug available to be manufactured as a generic drug, therefore increasing affordability to consumers. Until May 2012, Ranbaxy had the sole rights for creating Lipitor’s generic form after the patent expired; after that, it was made available to other drug companies. Pfizer continued to market Lipitor after its patent expired and had spent over eighty seven million dollars in marketing, to generate three hundred eighty three million dollars in the first quarter of 2012. Market power shifted from Pfizer to other drug manufacturers with the expiration of the patent (Hughes, 2012). When a brand name prescription drug such as Lipitor is developed with a patent protection...
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...Jeray Perkins Waste in Government July 4, 2014 Introduction The way the government spends the tax payer’s dollars and the way that they operate using Americans tax dollars is a controversial topic in the United States. Americans have a sometimes misplaced distrust in the way our Government spends and manages money for programs. The perception of waste and governmental inefficiency has led to a call for reform in most governmental activities. While the public may believe that there is wide spread fraud and intentional waste, I have a very different view as it pertains to governmental money management. In this paper we will discuss the inefficiencies of the federal government and some of the root issues to the problem that is governmental waste. GAO Report and Overlap The United States Governmental Accountability Office release a transparent report in efforts to recognize some of the spending concerns that are currently happening across governmental offices. The dissection of these programs ranged from Agriculture to Training Employment and Education. While reading through the GAO report I found a few common themes. Duplication being at the very forefront of governmental agencies and by duplication I mean two or more departments involved with these same tasks USDA are two programs where we see some overlap in their functions. According to the GAO report the USDA is responsible for catfish but the FDA is responsible for seafood. The fact that we have two very similar agencies...
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...been that of whether or not there should be a prescription-drug benefit added to Medicare. Both George W. Bush and Al Gore have proposed a plan to expand Medicare to include full prescription-drug coverage for senior citizens receiving Medicare, at the expense of taxpayers. It is obvious why this issue has been such a priority for both candidates. Senior citizens vote at a much higher rate than other age groups. Both candidates know the importance of these senior citizen votes and believe that the proposal of adding a prescription-drug benefit is something that will appeal to a vast number of senior citizens. Both candidates have portrayed the issue as being very critical and as a serious problem that needs to be addressed. The question, however, is whether or not such drug coverage is a worthwhile project to undertake. Is the problem indeed serious enough to call for the type of reform that the candidates are proposing? Medicare is already a very costly program to keep up, and adding prescription-drug coverage would increase these costs even more. In order to fund this project, there will need to be a tax hike. Should taxpayers subsidize this prescription-drug benefit? Is there a good reason why this redistribution should take place? What are the benefits and costs of this proposal? These and other questions will be addressed in this paper as we examine the following topics: the need for senior citizens to have prescription-drug coverage, the political rhetoric involved with...
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...Dean’s List And More A Research Essay About Why College Students Are Using and Abusing Stimulants To Get By February, 2014 Abstract Prescription stimulant use as academic performance enhancers is increasingly widespread among college students and the prescription stimulant use as "cognitive enhancers" has been described among undergraduate college students. Adderall and Ritalin are the most popular among the students. Some use the drugs to stay awake to study to get by with good grades, even with acknowledgement of the dangers of using. However, the use of prescription stimulants among future graduated students is at risk. Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………... 2 Chapter 1 ……………………………………………………………………………..….. 4 Purpose of the Study ……………………………………..……………… 4 Statement …………………………………………………..……………. 4 Research Questions …………………………………………..…………. 5 Significance of the Study ……………………………………..………… 5 Delimitation ……………………………………………..……………… 5 Definition of Terms …………………………………………..………… 6 Chapter 2 Literature Review…………………………………………………………….. 7 Chapter 3 Research Methods …………………………………………………………… 18 References ………………………………………………………….…………………… 22 Appendix A ……………………………………………………………………………… 23 Dean’s List and More Nature of Study If you are a full time student with heavy load of courses while working to support your lifestyle, then you will be worrying where you can find the time. Undergraduate college students do stress...
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...Drugs and technology While it is almost impossible to get an actual percentage of people affected by drug addiction, the use continues to grow. Most people will admit to trying some form of illegal drug, but addicts have a hard time even coming to grasp that they are addicted. Our society has been struggling with addiction for hundreds of years. Those affected vary in age, and are not limited to adults. According to the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2011), there are approximately 27 million Americans today that either use illicit drugs regularly or are “heavy drinkers”. Sixteen million of these are in need of immediate treatment for their addiction problem. By the age of 18 almost 12 percent of young people in America are addicted to drugs. Statistics also show that about 70 percent of users who are employed contribute significantly to absenteeism in the work place, workplace accidents, workplace injuries, decreased productivity, increased insurance premiums, and large employee turnover and violence in the workplace. The total estimated cost to our society in America for substance abuse exceeds 250 billion dollars per year. Addiction has become prominent as one of the worst health and social problems in the United States today. (coachinginternational.com) Through the last two decades, addiction rates in the United States have increased significantly because of the advancements in Information Technology. Social networking, internet access...
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...product promotion through the mass media, such as radio, TV and/or News paper. Thus, the total marketing system depends on marketing team. This paper presents the findings of the study conducted on the ACME Laboratories Ltd. to examine the marketing system. This study reveals that the ACME Laboratories Ltd.’s products are consumed allover the country and also globally. Their motive is to maintain the quality of the product to cope up with the existing competition. Their objective is to treatment the disease, they also set a reasonable price by considering the middle class people to get some benefit from the ACME Laboratories Ltd. They follow all possible distribution channels to make their product available to the customers and at a comfortable place. The ACME Laboratories Ltd. has also endeared to strength its network in international marketing operation to export products abroad. The company provides some motivational tools to the internal sales team. The company provides fringe benefit to these people. It is the most successive tool for the company. From the study we find that the ACME Laboratories Ltd. is a socially responsible company, and practice ethical values. From the study it has appeared that the ACME Laboratories Ltd. is facing some minor marketing problems. So to overcome these problems the ACME Laboratories Ltd. will be extending their business rapidly. Key Words: Pharmaceutical, Industry, Drug, Marketing, Acme. Introduction Pharmaceutical Industry has grown...
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...* Skip to Navigation * Skip to Content TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory * Join * Search * Browse * Saved Papers ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search Bottom of Form * Home Page » * Other Topics Rising Health Care Cost In: Other Topics Rising Health Care Cost Courtney Sheegog May. 8th, 2013 Hca/210 Rising Health Care Cost Assignment • What are some of the driving forces behind rising health care spending? One of the driving forces behind rising health care spending is Technology and Prescription drugs, chronic disease, aging of the population, Administrative costs. For several years, spending on new medical technology and prescription drugs has been the leading contributor to the increase in overall health spending. (Healthcare reform .Gov. ,2011). Longer life spans, and greater prevalence of chronic illnesses. This has placed tremendous demands on the health care system, particularly an increased need for treatment of ongoing illnesses and long-term care services such as nursing homes; it is estimated that health care costs for chronic disease treatment account for over 75% of national health expenditures (Kaiser Edu.org, 2010). How do HMOs affect health care costs? HMO's often emphasize their ability to contain costs through oversight of physicians' decisions or by implementation of a capped payment scheme that aligns physicians' incentives...
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...Business of Developing New Drugs for Cancer Larry Cephas Strayer University Developing new drugs for cancer and or any other medical purpose is a tedious, complex, expensive process. The process in developing new drugs involves numerous stages of trial and error. According to Mahajan and Gupta (2010) on average it can cost anywhere from US$ 802million to US$ 1billion dollars to successfully develop and market new drugs and, that process can take up to 12years with on average of only 8% of them ever hitting the market. From the beginning of civilization, people have been concerned regarding the quality and safety of medicines, which I do not fault anyone because, some medicines just do not work out to be very effected and good for the human body. My purpose of this white paper is to inform you and outline the various steps and procedures that goes into developing these new drugs for cancer, the economic issues people with face today, the special needs being served and the benefits of these new drugs and methods of how they are being developed, and finally based on my research the end result once these newly developed drugs reach the consumers. The Development of New Drugs The steps involved in developing new drugs for cancer patients are very complex (Figure 1). According to a fact sheet released by the California Biomedical Research Association there are several steps taken when developing a new drug. The first step involved is the preclinical research, in which scientist and...
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...Business of Developing New Drugs for Cancer Larry Cephas Strayer University Developing new drugs for cancer and or any other medical purpose is a tedious, complex, expensive process. The process in developing new drugs involves numerous stages of trial and error. According to Mahajan and Gupta (2010) on average it can cost anywhere from US$ 802million to US$ 1billion dollars to successfully develop and market new drugs and, that process can take up to 12years with on average of only 8% of them ever hitting the market. From the beginning of civilization, people have been concerned regarding the quality and safety of medicines, which I do not fault anyone because, some medicines just do not work out to be very effected and good for the human body. My purpose of this white paper is to inform you and outline the various steps and procedures that goes into developing these new drugs for cancer, the economic issues people with face today, the special needs being served and the benefits of these new drugs and methods of how they are being developed, and finally based on my research the end result once these newly developed drugs reach the consumers. The Development of New Drugs The steps involved in developing new drugs for cancer patients are very complex (Figure 1). According to a fact sheet released by the California Biomedical Research Association there are several steps taken when developing a new drug. The first step involved is the preclinical research, in which scientist and...
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