...power of play has an important psychological role in children’s development, as reinforced by Sutton-Smith (1993, p. 279) using “play as progress” and “play ethos” by Peter Smith (1988, p. 166) both cited in Pellegrini (1995). Goldstein (2012) stated that pretend play is one of the common types of interactive social play among 2- to 6-years-old children. He also mentioned that as children grow, the nature and function of pretend play will also change from simple imitation to more...
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...Every session, the client engaged in similar play. He first played with the Nerf guns and then a created battle in the sand tray while the battle become increasing more elaborate, it was initially difficult for me to see progress. I struggled with knowing how to measure success in the play room. For the first three sessions, I watched the client engage in the same behavior every session. I questioned my ability to make a difference or of my role. My initial reaction was confusion about my role and the process. After I began to conduct research on play therapy, I noticed some themes emerging. I also had a reaction of dread as I don’t like guns and violence. I am unsure how to react to this in play nor do I like it. In fact, I have always asserted...
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...autism falls under the category of “ASD“, Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism affects the normal development of the brain in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. Children and adults with autism have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions and leisure or play activities. This disorder makes it hard for them to relate to the outside world. It is hard for them to communicate with others. Aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present in some cases. (Autism Speaks, 2009) The word "Autism," which has used for the last one-hundred years, comes from the Greek word "autos," meaning "self." The term describes conditions in which a person is removed from social interaction (self removed). Eugene Bleuler, who was a Swiss psychiatrist, was the first person to use the term Autism in 1911 (Wikipedia ). Autism research and discovery is greatly in part to the research of Leo Kanner, a psychiatrist who became the first physician in the world to be titled a “Child Psychiatrist” and who while at John Hopkins University Hospital wrote a paper on autism called "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact" (Wikipedia ), this paper continues to the basis for autism disorder today. And many great achievements have been made from the root workings of Dr. Leo Kanner Social interactions are the first sign of autism. Symptoms that may alert the...
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...story or reports. Nonetheless, the approach I will be utilizing in this assignment is the quantitative approach. PARENTING STYLE, PRACTICES, SKILL AND VALUE QUESTIONNAIRE Please provide an answer to the questionnaire given below on how often you practice the different parenting styles, practice, skills and value. Scores range from irregularly (1) to regularly (5) point scale. Authoritarian parenting style 1. I use corporal punishment to discipline my child when they are naughty Irregularly 1 2 3 4 5 Regularly 2. When my child asks the reason for withdrawing his/her privileges, I ignore them. Irregularly 1 2 3 4 5 Regularly Authoritative parenting style 1. I dedicate a specific time to play or interact with my child Irregularly 1 2 3 4 5...
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...to the reader: The names within this paper have been modified to protect the identities of the children involved in my observations. Observation #1: “John” and aggression Date and time: Wednesday April 16, 2003; 11:25-12:50 Setting: Playground for 1st/2nd grade recess 11:25-11:50, 3rd/4th grade 11:55-12:20, Kindergarten recess 12:25-12:50 Activities observed: Children climbing across the climbing rings, watching children pretend play at the tire mountain and under the large wooden play structure with the blue plastic slide. My interaction with the children: I spent a lot of time answering questions about my name and where I am from for the children. Example A: There was one child named “John” on the first recess who was racing across the rings with another child, lost the race and fell to the ground. He then started to cry and called himself a loser. I pulled him aside to try to talk to him to find out what was wrong. He kept telling me that he was a loser because he didn’t win the race and he never wins, and that “all my friends think I am a loser because I cry all the time. They make fun of me because I cry. They beat me up. I am a loser.” I tried to reassure him and tell him I did not think he was a loser. I explained how I thought one of the reasons he lost the race was because he had been climbing across the rings for most of recess was tired from racing. He continued to cry even after his friends came over and tried to get him to play. 1 He just sat in the sand sobbing...
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...ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Paper Presentation On “Artificial Intelligence(AI)” INDEX :1. ABSTRACT. 1 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2. INTRODUCTION. 3. HISTORY OF AI. 4. CATEGORIES OF AI. A. CONVENTIONAL AI. B. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (CI). 5. FIELDS OF AI. 6. AAAI. 7. APPLICATIONS. ABSTRACT This paper is the introduction to Artificial intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence is exhibited by artificial entity, a system is generally assumed to be a computer. AI systems are now in routine use in economics, medicine, engineering and the military, as well as being built into many common home computer software applications, traditional strategy games like computer chess and other video games. We tried to explain the brief ideas of AI and its application to various fields. It cleared the concept of computational and conventional categories. It includes various advanced systems such as Neural Network, Fuzzy Systems and Evolutionary computation. AI is used in typical problems such as Pattern 2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE recognition, Natural language processing and more. This system is working throughout the world as an artificial brain. Intelligence involves mechanisms, and AI research has discovered how to make computers carry out some of them and not others. If doing a task requires only mechanisms that are well understood today, computer programs can give very impressive performances on these tasks. Such programs should...
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...The Effect of T.V. Cartoon Network on the Aggressive Behavior of Grade One Pupils in Brion-Silva Elementary School A Title Proposal Presented to DR. JOCELYN CASTILLO In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In EDUC 501 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY By: MELANNIE D. ARCENAS MAED-EM CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Background Introduction The environment in the twenty-first century is media rich. People of all ages are surrounded by media from morning until night. We hear it greet us on our alarm clocks or on the radio in our vehicles, see it on billboards outside or in magazines while waiting for the doctor, and view it using computers, playing gaming devices or when watching television. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents school going children to no more than 1 to 2 hours of quality educational television content per day, and that children under the age of two not be exposed to any type of television or screen time at all (Anderson & Pempek, 2005; AAP, 1995; Anderson et al., 2003). These limits are prescribed to allow for children’s developing minds to use imagination, explore the world and increase physical activity and interaction with family or friends (Funk, Brouwer, Curtiss & McBroom, 2009). However, parents and other adults seem to be taking this recommendation lightly. One of the largest national studies of preschool-aged media effects, the Kaiser Family Report (2003), showed that the use...
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...Much Ado about Nothing, is one of Shakespeare’s, romantic comedies. I chose, Trickery or Deceit, as my title, because, sometimes in true life it’s difficult to determine the two. In this play deceit plays a major role. It first starts one week before the wedding. Hero and her friends decided that Beatrice and Benedick argue too much and did indeed share feelings for each other, And so they plotted a trick to make them fall in love, they included everyone in it, Don Pedro, Hero, Claudio pretended to say things about Beatrice loving Benedick so, that Benedict could hear. And then also pretended to speak alone in the garden, knowing of Beatrice’s presence they continued to say things of Benedick’s Love for Beatrice, which wooed the both of them and they both fell in love, but, had no idea they were being Deceived. But every ones happiness is to soon come to an end, as Don Jon plots to ruin their wedding.. He has Borachio pretend to court and make gestures at Hero, while Claudio and Don Pedro watched, when indeed it was Margaret whom he courted and had sex with. During my research of “Much Ado about Nothing”, I found that this is a perfect example of” Trickery or Deceit”, or both? My studies show that the author has an open mind and left the decision to be made by the audience. In the play Much Ado about Nothing, the word Nothing in the play’s title, pronounced in the Elizabeth English. Suggests a pun on the idea of overhearing, as well as a Musical notation Over...
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...Classical Conditioning Paper Accidently founded by Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is basically learning by association behavior. A better definition would be “A process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to respond in a desired manner to a previously neutral stimulus that has been repeatedly presented along with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits the desired response” (Farlex, 2011). This paper will describe the theory of classical conditioning and demonstrate how one would apply the classical conditioning in everyday life. Theory of Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, was performing research on the digestive system of a dog by using the data from the dog’s salivation when in the middle of these tests he by accident noticed that certain behaviors can be conditioned (Alloy, Riskind, & Manos, 2005). First, one must understand that behaviorism in psychology is based on the belief that learning happens through relations with the environment (Cherry, 2011). Pavlov found that several of the reactions were occurring due to prior learning. He obtained this important information by noting that the dogs would salivate even before they were offered the meat. Pavlov concluded that the dogs were conditioned and learned from the entrance of the lab assistant, who was generally the person who brought in the meat. He expanded his experiment further by introducing a bright light or a loud sound to see if the dogs would salivate when seeing them...
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...PRESCHOOL CLASSROOM Janelle Conlin Early Childhood Curriculum & Methods: ECE311 Instructor: Michael Walter August 10, 2012 PRESCHOOL CLASSROOM Preschool classroom’s fosters an exploratory play environment for children ages four to five to prepare students for private school kindergarten courses and utilizes North Carolina kindergarten standards to develop curriculum. Cumberland County public school system does not have the best reputation for educating students and has created a need for more private schools. Currently, we only offer a preschool program but plan to expand into the elementary school ages. As the new school year approaches I will be redesigning the classroom environment and curriculum by incorporating theories from Reggio Emilia, Creative Curriculum, and High Scope Curriculum along with including state standard activities to cover the main concepts for the core subjects to prepare for Kindergarten. Classroom environment and teaching strategies will incorporate philosophies and theories from Reggio Emilia, Creative Curriculum, High Scope Curriculum, and Piaget’s theory into a comprehensive curriculum design for preschoolers. When developing curriculum it is important for this age group to have several approaches. “Children ages 3–8 benefit from planned, teacher-guided, interactive small-group and large- group experiences” (NAEYC, 2009). “Reggio Emilia programs demonstrate how planning an environment is driven by respect for the rights of the...
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...based on NCAA violations. According to the Knights commission, “during the 1990's over half of Division I-A institutions were sanctioned or placed on probation for various rules violations” (as cited in Jordan, Greenwell, Geist, Pastore, & Mahony, 2004). The list of ethical dilemmas that leaders of athletic programs find themselves is almost limitless. According to Lumpkin and Doty (2014) some of these difficult circumstances include, “whether to play concussed athletes, change athletes’ grades to keep them eligible, violate recruiting rules, have tutors complete work for athletes, require athletes to spend more than the allowed number of hours dedicated to their sports, and give cash to players” (p. 4). This list is just a small sampling of situations where athletic programs have made unethical decisions in recent...
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...W. Ramirez ETH/ 125 Colleen Gold 2/8/2014 I do not know much about religion except that not everyone believes the same. I will not pretend to know all about the different religions. Being a Christian I believe there is a God and if you believe in him you can do anything you set your mind to. Judaism believes that God created the world for the purpose of having people upon whom to bestow kindness. He gave us commandments in order that they should deserve the kindness he bestows and that it not be charity. Judaism has the Torah which is five books of Moses and is the primary text of Judaism, whereas Christianity has the bible. Some experiences Judaism has had was being marked and imprisoned or even killed for being a Jew as during the Nazi regime during the war. Considering that the Jewish people constitute a mere one half of one percent of the world’s population, Jewish contributions to religion, science, literature, music, medicine, finance, philosophy, and entertainment is staggering. In the field of medicine alone, Jewish contributions are staggering and continue to be so. It was a Jew who created the first polio vaccine, who discovered insulin and who discovered that aspirin dealt with pain among a few. Today, Israel a nation only sixty years old has emerged at the forefront of stem cell research, which will, in the near future, give humanity unprecedented medical treatment for degenerative diseases. Anti-Semitism is a form of hatred, mistrust and...
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...humanity comes ahead. (Tennen) Hamlet is arguably the greatest dramatic character ever created from the moment we meet the crestfallen prince we are enraptured by his elegant intensity. (Mabillard) William Shakespeare hamlet follows the young prince Hamlet home to Denmark to attend his father’s funeral. (Stockton) In “Hamlet” the tragedy hamlet the prince holds a great internal conflict throughout the play. (Studymode) On a dark winter night a ghost walks the ramparts of Elsinore castle in Denmark. (Sparknotes)The first edition of hamlet was published in 1603 from a previous sketch composed several years earlier the second one following 1604. (Bates) Shakespeare’s most famous tragedy Bernado’s question betrays the mood of uncertainty that prevails throughout the play. (George) So speaks Shakespeare’s prince hamlet of the transient nature of all mankind throughout the play humanity and frailty is a common theme. (Mortensen) In Hamlet the tragedy, hamlet, the prince of Demark with holds a great internal conflict throughout the play. (Directessays) Hamlet is Shakespeare’s longest play and the play responsible for the immortal lines “to be or not to be that is the question” (Taylor) The story hamlet is set in the late middle (Tennen) Shrouded in his inky cloak, Hamlet is a man of radical contradictions he is reckless yet cautious, courteous yet uncivil tender, yet ferocious. (Mabillard) Hamlet is shocked to find his mother already remarried to Uncle Claudius, the dead king’s brother, hamlet...
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...disagreements with friends. It might have gone as far as getting kicked out of a group. Its not fun being left out. Any form of bullying is not fun. Bullying has been around for ages. As longs as its been around you would have thought there would be a cure for it. If no one likes mean people, why are people so mean? Do we only pretend not to like mean people? This problem has escalated over the years, and has become more prevalent with todays technology. An example of this is seen in the scene of the movie Carrie. Carrie was a religious girl who was sheltered from wordly things. She did not know what her period was. She was taking a shower in the schools locker room when it happned. She ran over to the other girls screaming and crying. They then began to throw tampons at her. The leader of the group then began to record it and put it on youtube. The video was labled Bloody Mary. This resulted in the girl being banned from prom. On prom night she swiched the ballots so it looked liked Carrie and another boy were king and queen. When Carrie took her position on stage they poured pigs blood on her from a bucket hanging above her. They then started to play the video. Carrie took out her embarrassment and anger through her telekinesis. She then killed most of her classmates including her mother and herself. There is another incident of cyber bullying. This example happned in real life. There was a college age boy who grew up in a religious house hold. He was experimenting in college...
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...Autism Do you believe that Autism may be caused by a specific thing? Is it possible that there is a specific gene that may be present in children that have been diagnosed with Autism, which may make them more vulnerable or likely to develop Autism? Maybe Autism can develop from a vaccine or from vaccine sensitivity? Scientific research has shown that there is no direct link between the two, however how else would you explain, an otherwise perfectly developing child one day, to a child who is withdrawn and completely different the next? Because the actual cause of Autism is not known, in this paper, I will explore some of the probable causes, the signs and symptoms, as well as the treatment options that are available to a family, which may suspect their child may be suffering from Autism. Autism is a developmental disorder that is diagnosed within the ages of 1-3. Children diagnosed with Autism are known to have social and communication disorders. The exact cause is unknown, but according to the Center for Disease Control, there are some suspected causes, which include, diet, digestive changes, mercury poisoning, and vaccine sensitivity. The rising number is not known if it is due to an actual rise in cases, or if it is because, it is now much easier to diagnose the disease. Autism does affect more boys than girls. There is no link between lifestyle, income levels or education to having a child with autism. (http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines). Studies show that some children do...
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