...WHAT IS FLOOD? CAUSES OF FLOOD AND CONTROL According to Merrian-Websters Dictionary, Flood is a rising and overflowing of a body of water especially onto normally dry land. It could also be defined as condition of overflowing rivers or water, especially over land not usually submerged. In other words flood is said to have occurred when there is excess water surpassing the limits of it confines. In Ghana flood is one of the most devastating natural disasters which impact negatively on the life and properties of people. For example property worth 265,186,423 million cedis was destroyed according to government authorities. Nationwide NADMO indicates that 19,755 people are affected of which 6,586 are children. Health authorities confirmed 16 deaths,7 in Accra,3 in Kumasi,2 in Takoradi and 1 in Cape Coast and two others.-16th July ,2009,(DREF OPERATION NO.mdrghoo2 Glide no. FL-2009-000132-GHA. 16 July, 2009) CAUSES OF FLOOD There are two main causes of flood. These are The natural causes and the human causes. NATURAL CAUSES OF FLOOD A) High rainfall. Heavy rains raise the water level. When the water level gets higher than the river bank or the dams, the water forces its way out from the river often leading to a condition of flooding. b) Snow melt. The alarming effect of global warming is leading to increase in temperature higher than the temperature of many years ago. The ice caps melt in spring, therefore these water find its way into the sea. As a result...
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...FLOOD IN MALAYSIA Contents INTRODUCTION 2 OPINION 3 CONCLUSION 5 INTRODUCTION Flood is an overflow of water that submerges the surface of land that consist of residential areas. Basically people in Malaysia will experience flood every year and flood always occur at the end of the year and it is happen because of heavy rain that could increase the level of river and sea. At the end of last December, Malaysian citizen has been shocked with the occurring of massive flood in the coastal area of east for a month. The flood was declared as the worst flood happen in Malaysia and it affect a lot of Malaysian people. Refer to the statistic, the flood have affect more than 100,000 people and 21 of the victim were killed. The citizen of Malaysia in Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang was affected more than the other state of Malaysia. As in statistic, 3390 citizen of Kelantan have to move because of their living place condition was not safe and it was damaged badly. The total victim in Kelantan was record the highest which is 24,765 victim. In Terengganu, there were about 4209 citizen had to leave their home due to the condition and to save their live. The total of victim in Terengganu was 21,606. At Pahang, the victim is not as many as Kelantan and Terengganu but the victim recorded also high which is 10,825. The flood also affect many infrastructure in Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. It give a lot of loss to the state and it used lot of funds to recover back the damaged...
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...introducing the first ever age limit for black cabs tougher standards for the Low Emission Zone, new cleaner hybrid and hydrogen buses and fitting older buses with equipment including filters to curb pollution. The new bus for London, which will be launched in 2012, will use the latest green technology making it 40 per cent more efficient than a conventional double decker. The Mayor is working to introduce more electric vehicles onto London’s streets. In May this year, he launched Source London, the UK’s first citywide electric vehicle charging network and membership scheme. Additional steps are being taken to tackle pollution levels at some of the busiest roads in central London. This includes utilising dust suppressant technology that prevents particulate matter (PM10)...
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...The village of Bronxville is a one square mile town located in Southern Westchester. Situated near the Bronx River Parkway, Bronxville has been hit with floods that has cost massive damage both economically and emotionally. Incorporated in 1898, Bronxville has evolved from a vast farm land to an area filled with people, from all walks of life. The evolution of railroads and industry led people to flock into the village. Unlike the surrounding areas at the time, William Lawrence, who founded Bronxville had a vision where people would come, possessing, “talent and character” (Mr. Forliano). Elizabeth Custer, wife of General George Custer lived in the village, along with other notable artists and writers, residing in the spacious homes that Lawrence built. Through the evolution of education, resulting in the formation of the Bronxville School, parents moved to the town, relying on the institution...
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...Hurricane Katrina changed the way United States viewed floodplain management and flood risk management. The Great Mississippi River Flood of 1993 produced the highest economic damages of the century, killing over 130 people, costing over $20 billion dollars in flood damages. Hurricane Katrina caused over a million people to lose homes, jobs, and took over 1300 lives. It has been estimated the restoration of the communities and some level of flood protections will exceed over $100 billion dollars when it’s all done. Before the twin towers were hit on September 11, 2001, it seem like the United States was headed in the right directions with floodplain and risked management. Due to the terrorist attacks on that day, change the way America took their approach on homeland security. All the focus and money shifted to US Department of Defense, and the natural hazard management was kind of put on the back burner and basically forgot about until Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Hurricane Katrina changed the game for how America planned for flooding and risk management. When Hurricane Katrina hit, it was a slap in the face on the response to flooding that took place in New Orleans. Up to this point there was not a single inventory of levees and flood damage structures in United States. America became a reactive force instead of an active force. The Secretary of Defense got involved and requested the US National Academics to establish...
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...state of Texas, and sits roughly 50 feet above sea level. Houston is known for its famous nickname of the Bayou City, as it is home to over 2,500 miles of manmade rivers. These manmade rivers (bayous) are the city of Houston’s way of containing and channeling rain water to the ocean. This alternative drainage system was a much needed installation because of the city’s position, as compared to the sea level (Bayou Preservation, 2012). Currently, Houston suffers from severe flooding issues (i.e. flash floods, urban floods, river and bayou floods), and depending upon the area of town, the probability of high and slow moving floodwaters increase. As the city’s population continues to rise, the roughly 650 square miles that encompass the city continues to become more crowded (urbanization). As such, the urban flooding issues continue to worsen, and the city of Houston continuously discusses how to combat, and eventually prevent the constant reoccurrences ("Floods and flash floods," 2012). Economic, Political, and Legal Implications of Houston's Flooding The...
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...Shrewsbury Floods 2000 Causes - Due to heavy rainfall in autumn of 2000, the river severn flooded several times- this caused problems for places such as Shrewsbury. - Development spread onto the floodplain meaning houses and roads are inevitably at - risk from flooding and there is a faster run off. Residential area of Longden Coleham developed on low lying floodplain. Flood peak reached 5.25 metres on 1st November 2000. During normal conditions the river in Shrewsbury flows at 50 cubic metres per second, during flood flowed at 250 cubic metres per second, x9 greater. Prone to flooding due to a large number of tributaries between source to Shrewsbury, meaning more water in the channel. Lies on impermeable rock. Impacts - Water breached the 2.9 metres bankfull level which meant flooding was extensive. - At times the town was effectively closed due to disruption of communications. Welsh - bridge an English bridge were closed for periods and flooding at the neck of the meander closed the road and disrupted rail travel, economic and social impacts. Properties forced to be abandoned, as floodwaters rose. Lower ground of Wakeman school was ruined after gallons of water swept through lower ground floor. Extensive damage to 220 houses in Shrewsbury. car parks submerged, and sports grounds and parks badly affected. Shopping centres cut off, Boots estimated a loss of £250,000 in sales, £975,000 in sales lost from M&S- £30,000 worth of food chucked away. 400 properties...
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...state of Texas, and sits roughly 50 feet above sea level. Houston is known for its famous nickname of the Bayou City, as it is home to over 2,500 miles of manmade rivers. These manmade rivers (bayous) are the city of Houston’s way of containing and channeling rain water to the ocean. This alternative drainage system was a much needed installation because of the city’s position, as compared to the sea level (Bayou Preservation, 2012). Currently, Houston suffers from severe flooding issues (i.e. flash floods, urban floods, river and bayou floods), and depending upon the area of town, the probability of high and slow moving floodwaters increase. As the city’s population continues to rise, the roughly 650 square miles that encompass the city continues to become more crowded (urbanization). As such, the urban flooding issues continue to worsen, and the city of Houston continuously discusses how to combat, and eventually prevent the constant reoccurrences ("Floods and flash floods," 2012). Economic, Political, and Legal Implications of Houston's Flooding The...
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...shows a flash flood in your housing area. Based on the picture given, write an article of the flood.When writing the article, you should: * Give details of the flood * Suggest ways to help the flood victims * Make sure it is between 120 and 150 words | Friday, 22 August2014 Flash Flood in Taman Rosa By Vanu Last Saturday, there was a terrible downpour in Taman Ros. It was raining cats and dogs. The residents did not leave their homes because the sky was dark and they did not to get caught in the rain. It was raining for almost six hours. The drains were clogged and the water started to overflow. The water level rose and lead to a flash flood in just a few more hours. The water started to go into the residents houses. The victims tried to move their important belongings to higher grounds and those with children tried to get them on top of their roofs. They were trying to get out of their homes and save important documents. A few of them climbed on top of the roofs of their hoses to prevent from drowning. It was a complete chaos in the neighbourhood. There were cars and carcasses floating all around the neighbourhood. Not long after, the flood relief volunteers came to help them victims in their boats. They tried to save the children and the women first. The saved victims were brought to a school flood relief centre nearby. Flash floods regularly happen in my housing areas. There are a few ways to help the flood victims. Most importantly the flood relief centre...
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...Prevention steps before facing flood at kelantan 1.0 INTRODUCTION Even though Malaysia is a country that considered as safe but they also cannot avoid the Mother Nature disaster such as the common case happen at Malaysia is flood disaster. We can clearly observe this case on the end of the last years in Malaysia where east coast of Malaysia state such as Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang be badly damaged by flood. Based on Ikhwan (2000), in general flood is where the amount of water that does not need. From terminology technical, flood happen when collection of incredible rain water cannot afford by river and causing it overflow through the banks or floodplain. The water will moved to the shallow land and overflow to surrounding of the environment. Flood become more dangerous when it involved human society, especially when happened at placed that concentrated with population of human that potential loss of life, infection and dangerous diseases, and destruction of property. Although floods are a natural phenomenon, it is also happened sometimes influenced by other factors, especially human action that changes the structure and surface and sub-surface soil causing rainfall to runoff balance disturbed. In urban areas for instance, many people alter the land surface from impervious areas to areas with impervious construction roads, buildings, parking zones and so on. In addition, the floods also may caused by other factors such as the collapse of the damn structure, storms...
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...Assignment 5 1. What is the difference between a flash flood and a regional flood? Are the causes the same? Are the effects the same? Flash Flood; are walls of water, set up in a matter of hours by a large convective storm. Many automobile related deaths in a flash flood are in 2 feet of water due to the buoyant lift and current of the water. In 1997, in Antelope Canyon a flash flood took 12 hikers, tumbling them down the canyon as helpless on lookers could only watch. A wall of water builds due to steep topography, channeling the water and striking a particular area in a thunderstorm. In Big Thompson Canyon, Colorado in 1976, a thunderstorm remained stationary in the canyon for four hours. The topography fed the flash floods and carried many hikers and tourist down the canyon to their death. Many survived by fleeing their cars and climbing to safety, seeking shelter along the canyon walls. Those who chose to stay with their cars were swept away in the flood and died. The weight and proximity of the vehicle couldn’t allow them to achieve the safety they required. Regional Flood; different from flash floods, regional floods inundate an area with rainfall over several weeks, causing fewer deaths and often more damage. Occurring in areas of large river valleys and low topography, these heavy rains often result due to cyclonic systems. Their can be many contributing factors as to why a particular river may flood; geological age, riverbed (shape & depth), damming (ice or...
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...developed countries. This is due to the fact that Developed Countries are better able to respond to an active natural hazard as compared to less developed countries. To prove this point, I will compare the 2005 Carlisle Floods in Britain, a developed country, to the floods that occurred in Philippines in 2009, a less developed country. In Carlisle, Britain, bad weather continued for 3 days on end, resulting in a flood. The storm discharged 1500 cumecs of rain, and the flood covered a total area of 2290 km2. The damage done to the town caused the government $250 million, closed 350 businesses and damaged many infrastructure. On top of that, the flood had killed 3, and left 3000 people homeless. When the flood had passed, the government started up shelters for people displaced by the flood, and gave businesses meantime premises. The government, in an effort to prevent future floods as such to happen, came up with a floor management plan. The government also donated 1.5 million to the affected populace to help speed up the recovery. In Philippines, September 2009, 425 millimetres of rain fell on the Island of Luzon in 12 hours. Luzon, home to the country’s capital, Manila, suffered a terrible flood. The damage suffered was terrible. Through the course of the floor, 250 people lost their lives, and 60,000 were left homeless. Power and water supply was cut due to the floor and there were large signs of distress...
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...Formulate a plan on how you would use clinical epidemiology to guide your opinions and actions on dealing with this issue. A clinical epidemiologist is a person who generally works for a health care facility who has the main goal of finding ways to stop or avoid communicable epidemics in the United States. Epidemiologists study the frequency and distribution of diseases within human populations and environments. Specifically, they measure the incidence of disease occurrence and relate it to different characteristics of populations and environments. Epidemiologists perform research, education, and public health practice in universities, government agencies, international organizations, and private corporations. Therefore epidemiologists study a wide range of healthcare issues. Epidemiologist study and research regions or different populations regarding serious life threatening diseases, diseases that are infectious, the life span of illness in families a well as environmental pollutants that occur. Epidemiologists collect and further analyze important information about public health and the behavior of diseases. After researching and analyzing collections an Epidemiologist explain and also reveals to the public about the findings of their research. Epidemiologist study the distribution of health-related events in a specific population and the purpose of this study in order to control health problems that occur. “Epidemiology includes the methods for measuring...
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...to look at the causes and effects of the floods in Australia 2010 and 2011. Australia is found in the Southern Hemisphere, lying to the south of South East Asia, and dividing the Indian and South Pacific Oceans. The main places affected by the floods were Brisbane and Queensland. The worst affected areas were those along the banks of the Burnett River and the Fitzroy River. The areas around the Fitzroy River flooded and forced a thousand people out of their homes in Theodore. A series of floods hit Queensland, Australia, beginning in December 2010. The floods forced the evacuation of thousands of people from towns and cities. At least 70 towns and over 200,000 people were affected. Damage initially was estimated at around $1 billion before it was raised to $2.38 billion. Queensland is a state located in the northeastern part of Australia. Queensland’s devastating floods are the result of heavy rains caused by two normally unconnected weather phenomena La Niña, a periodic interaction between the Pacific Ocean and the Earth’s atmosphere to the east of Australia. An unexpected flash flood caused by a thunder storm raced through Toowoomba's central business district. Water from the same storm devastated communities in the Lockyer Valley. A few days later thousands of houses in Ipswich and Brisbane were inundated as the Brisbane River rose and Wivenhoe Dam used a considerable proportion of its flood mitigation capacity. A flash flood occurs when heavy rain falls onto waterlogged...
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...happens if a stream has too much sediment load? It causes sediment deposition on stream bottom creating a braided stream. 3. A) What expected flood size does FEMA use to establish its regulatory requirements? FEMA uses the 100 year flood for building regulations. B) In any given year, what is the probability that a 100 year flood will occur? There is a 1% chance each year that this level of flood could occur. Maps are available with 100 year flood outlines. 50 year flood = 2% chance. 4. What are 6 ways that killer floods can occur? 1) Precipitation is above normal in drainage basin, 2) sudden snow/ice melts, 3) landslides, 4) modifications, fire and urbanization = more runoff 5) Dam failure, 6) geography of stream basin/area. 5. A) Are the canyons of Utah susceptible to flash floods? Why or why not? Yes because steep topography helps thunderstorms build and then provide the rugged valleys that channelize the killer floods. Utah canyons are very steep so it is very possible. B) How deep does water have to be to possibly be fatal to people who try to drive through flood waters? 2 ft deep. 6. A) How do regional floods differ from flash floods? They differ because regional floods occur in large river valleys with low topography whereas flash floods happen in tall steep places. B) Why was the Mississippi River flood of 1993 so big? Because...
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