...Diabetes is a disease that involves a problem in hormone insulin. The causes of diabetes are determined by various factors such as obesity, genetic factors, lack of exercise and other related factors. Not all obese people are prone to diabetes, but it is a factor to consider. People should practice healthy lifestyles to avoid getting this disease (Bril, Franklin, Backonja, Cohen, Del Toro, & Zochodne, 2011). Most diabetes problems experienced in children is due to either genetic factors or poor eating habits. According to research, cases of diabetes seem to be increasing at a fast rate in America. Estimates also reveal that by the year 2030, the number of people living with diabetes will be double. Treatment procedure for diabetes as suggested...
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...I. Introduction Diabetes is on the rise in the United States and the resultant health problems are leading to visits to physicians’ offices and hospitals more than ever before. Diabetic neuropathy, a debilitating nerve disorder which can affect almost any part of the nervous system, occurs in nearly 50 percent of patients with diabetes. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is found in 12 percent of insulin dependent diabetics and 32 percent of those who are not, equaling approximately 3 million people in the United States. (Chen et al. 2007) The number of patients with other neuropathies, such as autonomic, proximal, and focal, comprises the other 1 million diabetic neuropathy patients, most of whom suffer in pain from the dysfunction of the nervous system. (Chen et al. 2007) This disorder’s elusive nature is such that it can not only present in any part of the body but it can be completely without symptoms that the average patient would report to their physician. Since the patients themselves are less likely to naturally disclose their suffering through their assumption that their symptoms are not relevant to their diabetic condition, the physician’s role in the diagnosis and recognition of this disorder is even more critical. II. Definition and Types of Diabetic Neuropathy The most common type of diabetic neuropathy is peripheral, considered, more generally, sensorimotor. Peripheral neuropathy causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, and arms....
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...Healthy Eating and Diabetes The foods that we eat can make all the difference in whether we are healthy, or whether we become sick, because, many illnesses can be caused, or be made worse by, the dietary choices that we make. The various types of diabetes--including type 2, the most prevalent--are no exception. Diabetes is an increasingly common, life-threatening illness that currently afflicts more than eight percent of all Americans. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States1. In no other illness does eating a healthy diet play a more important role than in diabetes. With appropriate dietary and lifestyle changes, and medications, diabetes can be controlled--and in the case of type 2, even reversed 2- and a diabetic can live a long, productive life. What is Diabetes? Diabetes mellitus, more commonly called simply diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases. People afflicted with this disease have high blood sugar, either because their body does not produce enough insulin, or because the body's cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, and it is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. The high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms associated with diabetes: frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Different Types of Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes: Also called insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes, type 1 can strike people of any age, mostly...
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...Short Essay on Diabetes Essay on diabetes: Diabetes mellitus, commonly called as diabetes is a disease of metabolic disorder where the blood sugar levels tend to remain high either because insufficient insulin is produced in pancreas or because the cells not responding to the insulin produced. Frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger are most common early symptoms of this disease. There are three major forms of diabetes namely Type1, Type 2 and third form is known as gestational diabetes. Type1 and Type 2 were formerly known as insulin dependent and insulin non-dependent diabetes. In patients of Type1 diabetes, body fails to produce insulin and thus an insulin pump is required to inject it. In Type 2 diabetes, the cells are not able to use the insulin properly because of insulin resistance. Third form is when a pregnant woman develops a higher blood sugar level without having any previous history of diabetes. Diabetes has other forms too like congenital resulting from genetic defects in secreting insulin, cystic-fibrosis related, steroid diabetes and other monogenic forms of the disease. Patients diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes have to depend upon insulin injections for lifetime and have to undergo regular tests for blood glucose level with special diet to prevent sugar levels from increasing. Type 2 is the most common and prevalent form of diabetes around the world. Overweight or obese people have higher risks of developing Type2 diabetes. Increased abdominal...
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...previous award. Date …17/5/2015……. Managing the Needs of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus LO1 Type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic condition affecting the body’s ability to regulate blood glucose levels. According to Diabetes UK (2012), there were 2.9 million people in the UK diagnosed with diabetes in 2012, and this is estimated to increase to 5 million by 2025. Up to 90% of people with diabetes are thought to be type 2. According to Diabetes UK (2006), many are unaware they have the condition and it can lead to long-term complications including eye problems, kidney disease, foot ulcers and cardiovascular disease. Gregg et al (2005), states advances in preventative medicine have seen an effective reduction in the burden of risk from hypertension and hyperlipidaemia but the incidence of diabetes has continued to rise, driving cardiovascular rates. There has been much done in recent years to identify people who are at high risk of developing diabetes. This assignment will discuss the link between diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. It will also identify lifestyle and behaviour changes involving the multi-disciplinary team and structured patient education of diabetics. The case study for this assignment is Mrs Smith, newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and a family history of heart disease and diabetes. She leads a sedentary lifestyle, is overweight and has a poor diet (see appendix). The Health...
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...Diabetes: Prevalence, Diagnosis and Prevention English/147 A considerable percentage of the global population suffers from different health conditions that affect their health and wellbeing. Diabetes is among the conditions that affect a greater percentage of the global population. Statistics shows that approximately 382 million people are affected by diabetes in the world. Early diagnosis of diabetes is critical for easy management and prevention of symptoms associated with the condition. Considering the increasing prevalence of diabetes and its associated effects translate into the need for the adoption of responsive measures that aim at creating awareness and prevention of diabetes across the world. Therefore, the following paper focuses on the analysis of prevalence, diagnosis, and prevention of diabetes. Diabetes refers to a combination of metabolic conditions or diseases that are characterized by high glucose levels in the blood. The high level of glucose is attributed to inadequate production of insulin or improper response of cells to insulin or occurrence of both. “It is estimated that more than 382 million people across the world had diabetes by the year 2013” (In DeFronzo et al., 2015). Diabetes is classified into three broad classes, type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. The body lacking the mechanisms needed for the production of insulin characterizes type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, there is inadequate production of...
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...Diabetes Among African Americans Diabetes has been affecting the African American community in the United States for a long time. Diabetes is a disease that occurs in people by altering the body’s metabolic process in producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas which regulates the amount of sugar in our blood stream, and in turn becomes energy. There are two types of diabetes: type 1diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1diabetes, which usually begins during childhood or adolescence, is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by lack of insulin (American Diabetes Association). This occurs when the body's immune system attacks the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them. Type 2 diabetes which is the most common form of the disease, usually occurs in middle aged adults after the age of forty-five (American Diabetes Association). It’s a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by either lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently. Forty percent of African American boys and forty nine percent of girls will develop diabetes during their lifetimes and therefore face the possibility of severe diabetes-related complications and a life span that is reduced by 4 to 23 years (Institute for Alternative Futures). In 2010, there were 5,547,700 African Americans in the United States with diabetes. African Americans have at least twice the risk of amputations, renal failure, and...
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...Diabetes Diabetes mellitus, or often referred to as diabetes, is a metabolic disease in which a person has high blood sugar. This can happen either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because the cells in the body do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Insulin is the hormone that unwinds the cells of the body, allowing glucose to enter and fuel them. Type 1 diabetes results from the body’s failure to produce insulin. This type of diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. Another name for this type of diabetes is juvenile diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In this type either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin the body produces. Another type of diabetes is Gestational diabetes, which only occurs in women because it shows up during pregnancy. (Schütze, Rix, Laws, Passey, Fanaian & Harris, 2012) Diabetes can be a serious lifelong disease; which can lead to heart attacks, kidney failures, blindness, and even death. Type 1 diabetes also known as juvenile diabetes is characterized by the body’s immune system destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Insulin helps the body store Glucose (sugar) in the body. This being said the body cannot regulate blood sugar, and glucose levels rise in the body. Type 1 diabetics need to regulate their blood sugar by taking insulin shots and like both forms of diabetes regulating what is eaten. Because their body is not...
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...ADAL Tamara Zgadzaj Tutor: Thomas Torley This plan will examine three main long term problems affecting people with diabetes: • eyes • kidneys • heart and brain People with diabetes should visit an eye doctor regularly, every year for an eye exam. Eye problems that can occur with diabetes include : cataracts ( a clouding of the lens ), glaucoma (increased pressure in the eyes ), retinopathy ( eye changes with the retina in the back of the eye ). Symtoms of eye problems are : blurred vision, spots or lines in your vision, watery eyes, eye discomfort, and loss of vision. Diabetics should check for urine problems at least once a year. Proteins in the urine are a sign of kidney disease. Also, blood pressure should be checked regularly. Symtoms of kidney problems can include, swelling of the hands, feet, and face. Weight gain from edema, itching and drowsiness. If they will get promt treatment, there is a chance to slow down the changes in the kidneys. All people with diabetes have increased chance of heart disease and even stroke. Heart disease is the major cause of death for diabetics. It's important to control other risks such as high blood pressure and high fats ( cholesterol ), as well as blood sugar. Symtoms of heart attack are, shortness of breath, feeling faint, feeling dizzy,sweating, nausea, chest pain or pressure, pain in the shoulders, jaw and left arm. Warning signs of stroke are, sudden numbness or weakness in the face,arm, or leg, usually on...
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...diabetes Before you begin your teaching plan be sure to define the characteristics of the clinical site and patient population. The teaching plan should be customized to this population. This is a sample teaching plan that you can use and customize to your needs. You may want to design a pre-test and post-test to give your patients would are attending the teaching program. Based on statistics from the Centers for Disease Control website, 17.0 million people in the United States, approximately 6.2% of the population, have diabetes. Of this 17 million people, 11.1 million are diagnosed and 5.9 million are undiagnosed. In the different age groups, about 151,000 people less than 20 years of age have diabetes, approximately 0.19% of people in this age group. In the 20 and older age group 16.9 million and 8.6% of people have diabetes. The 65 and older age group has 7.0 million and 20.1% of all people with diabetes (www.cdc.gov/diabetes). The Identified Learning Need Patients with Diabetes have very comprehensive learning needs. The learning needs are focused on managing their glucose levels and preventing complications of diabetes. Learning needs for managing diabetes are complex and include: monitoring blood glucose levels, menu/food planning, exercise, medications, skin care, management of co-existing disease processes, knowledge of medications, knowledge of the disease process and how to manage hypo/hyperglycemic episodes. Many patients are diagnosed with diabetes every...
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...Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes is a rising problem worldwide. Today there are 3.9 million people diagnosed with diabetes living in the UK. This statistic shows the severity of the problem. Diabetes splits into two types: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is genetic, meaning that the person is born with it, and type 2 (also known as diabetes mellitus) is developed over one’s lifetime (Type 2 Diabetes - Causes). Diabetes causes a disruption in the inner body balance therefore affecting homeostasis. People with diabetes have issues with blood sugar level. Either their body doesn’t react to insulin or their body doesn’t produce insulin. However, there are a few ways of treating this disease. It not only has an effect on the health of the population, but it also causes a great expense to the economy (General Diabetes Facts and Information). Diabetes is a permanent illness, which causes the diabetic’s blood sugar level to become too high (Type 2 Diabetes - Causes). So there is no cure for it can only be treated. People suffering from type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance, which means that their pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, or the body doesn’t produce enough insulin. As shown in Figure 1 (General Diabetes Facts and Information). The pancreas is large gland behind the stomach and its job is to produce the hormone insulin. The job of insulin is to move glucose from the blood into the cells, where it gets converted into energy (Type 2 Diabetes - Causes). In the UK, 1 in 16 people...
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...1 NURS 1442 Cohort: 9/13 PGT Leader: Debbie Dorsett Submission Date: 25th August 2015 Word Count: 3250 This essay will be exploring a patient pathway in a clinical environment. The pathway to be investigated is the national diabetes pathway from the National Institution for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), which was published in February 2015 (NICE, 2015). I will also exploring local agendas and guidelines that are available from a local trust. I will be exploring one patient in particular, who cannot be named for confidentiality reasons, in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Councils (NMC, 2008) the code of conduct governing patient confidentiality, (NMC, 2008). Diabetes is growing in the United Kingdom (UK) at an alarming rate, (Diabetes UK, 2012). In 2010, evidence showed that approximately 3.1 million people in the UK aged over 16 years old have diabetes. By 2030, this figure is estimated to rise to 4.6 million, (National Health Service [NHS], 2014). It is important as an adult nurse, that I understand the pathway of diabetes as individuals with the condition are at risk of developing further health complications (Diabetes UK, 2012). This includes conditions such as heart disease, stroke and blindness (Diabetes UK, 2012a). A pathway is a “foreseen care placed in an appropriate time frame, written and agreed by a multidisciplinary team. It has locally agreed standards based on evidence where available to help a patient with a specific condition or...
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...Diabetes It all starts with the consumption of food that contains carbohydrates. The carbohydrates are then metabolized into a type of sugar called glucose. The body needs glucose because glucose is a source of energy for the cells. After being metabolized, glucose moves into the bloodstream and the body detects that the blood glucose level is rising. In response to this, the pancreas, which is a little gland that sits underneath the stomach, starts releasing a hormone called Insulin. And it’s insulin that helps our bodies get the energy from the food we eat. The bloodstream then takes the glucose and the insulin to every cell in our bodies that needs it. The body functions best when the blood glucose is at an optimum level. It doesn’t respond well to high levels of blood glucose. Normally, there’s a cycle within the body that balances out the glucose and insulin levels. In this case, the food we consume or the liver releases glucose into the bloodstream and the pancreases releases the insulin that carries the glucose to the cells. However, diabetes occurs when this system fails to function properly in the bodies of many individuals today. According to the American Diabetes Association, Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic lifelong condition that affects our body’s ability to use the energy found in food. It is a cellular disease that involves the lack of glucose receptors on cell membranes. Although diabetes is a complex condition, its common theme involves either the lack of insulin...
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...Based on statistics from the Centers for Disease Control website, 17.0 million people in the United States, approximately 6.2% of the population, have diabetes. Of this 17 million people, 11.1 million are diagnosed and 5.9 million are undiagnosed. In the different age groups, about 151,000 people less than 20 years of age have diabetes, approximately 0.19% of people in this age group. In the 20 and older age group 16.9 million and 8.6% of people have diabetes. The 65 and older age group has 7.0 million and 20.1% of all people with diabetes (www.cdc.gov/diabetes). The Identified Learning Need Patients with Diabetes have very comprehensive learning needs. The learning needs are focused on managing their glucose levels and preventing complications of diabetes. Learning needs for managing diabetes are complex and include: monitoring blood glucose levels, menu/food planning, exercise, medications, skin care, management of co-existing disease processes, knowledge of medications, knowledge of the disease process and how to manage hypo/hyperglycemic episodes. Many patients are diagnosed with diabetes every year and many are unaware that it requires lifestyle changes, especially in the areas of nutrition and physical activity. Making these lifestyle changes is one of the greatest challenges they will encounter in managing their diabetes. The main goal of the teaching plan is to provide the patient with the knowledge to be able to make self-directed behavioral changes to improve their...
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...Glucose Regulation Glucose Regulation Case Study What point should the nurse focus on regarding the importance of foot care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? Educating the patient on how the disease process affects the feet can lead to proper self-care. Blood vessels in the feet become compromised, causing a decrease in potential blood flow circulation. Motor neurons are compromised as well causing a decrease in pain sensation. Patients should be taught to examine feet including between the toes and under feet routinely. As irritation to the feet can occur due to multiple reasons patients need to be proactive about preventing this. Patients with diabetes take twice as long to heal wounds and unfortunately due to the deficit in motor neurons may not realize they have it and worsen the wound leading to potential gangrene. Clipping the toenails is just as important due to the decreased sensitivity and for the potential of a cut. Finally patients will experience dry and potentially cracked feet, moisturizing with help prevent this with the exception of between the toes. A recommendation would be to see a podiatrist on a daily basis if available (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). What specific eye and visual complications should the nurse describe to Ms. Jackson, and what recommendations for visual care should be provided? There are several eye complications that can occur, the three most common are glaucoma, cataracts, and retinopathy. Glaucoma occurs as...
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