...2012 NELOSN MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP . . Microsoft 06.06.2012 6/6/2012 NELOSN MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TITLE PAGE CAUCASUS UNIVERSITY CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS COURSE TITLE: Developing effective leadership skills COURSE CODE: MGS-3211 INSTRUCTOR: Dara Ahmed GROUP PRESENTATION: N1 PRESENTATION TITLE: NELSON MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP GROUP MEMBERS: Tamar Geladze DATE: 6th of June, 2012 12 Page 2 NELOSN MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE PAGE............................................................................................................................................. 2 TABLE OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................. 4 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. 5 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 6 NELSON MANDELLA’S BRIEF BIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 7 NELSON MANDELLA’S LEADERSHIP ....................................................................................................... 8 SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................
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...Evolution of Life in Prison November 11, 2013 Evolution of Life in Prison The purpose of this essay is to do an analysis on the evolution and perspective of prison life. This essay will explain how the evolution influenced the classification of male and female prisoners over time. Last, this essay will explain how the prison populations in jails compare to the population of prison at the state and federal levels. A person could describe prison life as living with thousands of other men and women, who also have criminal convictions by the judicial system. Prisoners will need to realize that his or her prison sentence is not a vacation; however, it is a punishment for his or her criminal mischief. Some people will not understand the true meaning of life in prison because they will not experience it themselves to pass judgment. As Stanley “Tookie” Williams did say in his Life in Prison book is no life in prison is hard for any individual who has to serve life in prison. Inmates will spend his or her time trying to figure out how he or she can win his or her freedom again (Becnel, 2008). The Evolution and Perspective of Prison Life A convicted felon prison life will change as the nature of the institution itself will change. The 1700s life in confinement is life in jail awaiting trial, sentencing, or punishment. Each prisoner will remain in the same jail together. Those prisoners will sleep in dirty and unhealthy jails. The prisons and jails have epidemics and malnutrition...
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...The Alternative Sentencing Policies and Solutions This comprehensive analysis describes the different possible alternative solutions for women, and juvenile offenders. The Bureau of Justice Grant programs developed incentives for other programs to decrease the overcrowded conditions for most state and federal prisons. These grant programs provided the information and incentives for state governments to expand, build, and adapt closed military bases as extension of the federal penal prison system. This initiative encouraged local and state courts to implement truth-in-sentencing and alternative sentencing concepts to lessen the burden of overcrowded prison systems. The grants divided in half for building prisons to increase the bed space for violent offenders, and the other half for alternative solutions to incarceration. The incentive funds used for more alternative solutions; prison islands, or barges, or closed military bases. Sentencing Drug Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reported four to one ratio of prisoners showed under the influence of drugs, or alcohol while committing the current crime, or at the time of the violation (Langan, P, & Levin, D, 2002). The BJS showed detailed statistics report of 400; 000 people arrested for drugs, or drug-related offenses; 70% sent to state prisons, 40% drug-related offenses, 32% alcohol-related offenses, and 20% other violent crimes. The survey researched by the Department of Justice (DOJ) along with the (BJS) report...
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...The Alternative Sentencing Policies and Solutions This comprehensive analysis describes the different possible alternative solutions for women, and juvenile offenders. The Bureau of Justice Grant programs developed incentives for other programs to decrease the overcrowded conditions for most state and federal prisons. These grant programs provided the information and incentives for state governments to expand, build, and adapt closed military bases as extension of the federal penal prison system. This initiative encouraged local and state courts to implement truth-in-sentencing and alternative sentencing concepts to lessen the burden of overcrowded prison systems. The grants divided in half for building prisons to increase the bed space for violent offenders, and the other half for alternative solutions to incarceration. The incentive funds used for more alternative solutions; prison islands, or barges, or closed military bases. Sentencing Drug Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reported four to one ratio of prisoners showed under the influence of drugs, or alcohol while committing the current crime, or at the time of the violation (Langan, P, & Levin, D, 2002). The BJS showed detailed statistics report of 400; 000 people arrested for drugs, or drug-related offenses; 70% sent to state prisons, 40% drug-related offenses, 32% alcohol-related offenses, and 20% other violent crimes. The survey researched by the Department of Justice (DOJ) along with the (BJS) report...
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...Prison Overcrowding Final Project Terence Ingram Professor Karina Arzumanova, Esq. March 17, 2013 Strayer University Prison Overcrowding Final Project Criminal Activity is on the rise. With prison populations growing at an all-time rate, the federal prison system has not been able to keep up. As a result, this is a serious problem which puts inmates and guards in danger and holds back efforts to rehabilitate convicts. (McLaughlin, 2012) Violence will be on the rise as more inmates are squeezed into small living quarters. Increased inmate misconduct is a direct result of prison overcrowding which negatively affects the safety and security of inmates and staff. If prisons don’t find a solution to this problem, it will create more tension and could potentially cause an inmate to snap and create a violent incident. With more prisoners confined in small spaces, prison officials are forced to cut back on inmate’s cafeteria time, time in the recreation yards, and television rooms. Multiple inmates are put in cells that were specifically created for one individual inmate. Common areas that were not meant to be used for inmates are being used for living arrangements even though it was not designed for that. Crowded cells and the loss of privacy increase the odds that inmates will lash out, threatening the guards keeping watch. ( McLaughlin, 2012) Policies have been put in place to make sure that inmates are not being violated. Some may say that overcrowding in prisons is inhumane...
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...stand in order in specific area at the same time during headcounts. It was observed that the time it takes to finish this procedure was impractical so they switch to a procedure of checking each inmate in their individual cells (Preventing Prison Escapes and Responding to Security Audits, 2000). Traditional way of monitoring the inmates was considered as impractical as it only applies on situational instances. Wortley (2002) said, that one of possible reasons why prisoners were able to escape prisons is the way these traditional approaches were implemented. Two inmates of the Manila City Jail escaped and had disarmed ten officers in their wake. Due to the heavy rain, they had gone unnoticed by the roving guard on duty that night (Andrade, 2012). In 2002, 17 inmates at BJMP Tagum City Jail escaped in broad daylight. Outnumbering the personnel on duty during the headcount in the morning, the inmates took opportunity and ran towards the gate disarming personnel. In 2003, an inmate also escaped during the night because he was able to break the corroded prison rails. Using the darkness as a cloak, the inmate had gone unnoticed by the roving personnel (BJMP Tagum City Escape Synopsis, 2002). Over the years, the population of inmates in local prisons increases which means it requires more guards and...
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...to cope with the pace of change management holds a very important place in our lives. The course of MBA is one of the best ways to acquire the required knowledge in this context. Global Country Report is a crucial part of the curriculum. It blends theoretical knowledge with practical applications. It mirrors how management works by making us work together as a team and develop various analytical skills. The country under our purview is South Africa. This project report has studied the economy of the country in context and its various industries while simultaneously comparing it with the Indian scenario. Finally the report attempts to be helpful to all the readers as well. I|Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Global Country Report being a team effort, a lot of people have contributed in successfully completing it. We take this opportunity here to extend our gratitude towards each one of them. We would begin by thanking our Director, Dr. Hitesh Ruparel for giving us this platform to enhance our skills and also to all the project guides for their seamless support and cooperation. We would also like to thank our faculty members, Prof Juhi Shah, Prof Shweta Bambuwala and Prof Neha Rohera who gave us the right direction and guided us all through. At the same time they encouraged our efforts and...
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...science contains a broad range of disciplines and has become a vital aspect of criminal investigations. Some forensic disciplines are laboratory-based; while others are based on an analyst’s interpretation of observable patterns (Kourtsounis, 2009). According to the Innocence project’s website; in greater than fifty percent of wrongful convictions, the use of invalidated or improper forensic techniques played a role in cases; which were later overturned by DNA testing. Unlike other forensic methods, serology has been subjected to rigorous scientific testing to achieve validation. Even still, these methods can be inaccurately conducted or counterfactually conveyed during the trial (Innocence Project, 2012). Since the evidence presented during a trial can be the difference between freedom, and incarceration in many cases and death in some cases, misconduct in the forensic field is not tolerated. Some types of forensic misconduct include exaggeration of statistics, false testimony and laboratory fraud. Evidence offered by forensic scientists is often called “expert testimony”. Nevertheless, what is an expert? Is it someone who has gone to school and earned an undergraduate, graduate or doctoral degree? Alternatively, could it be someone whom has many years of “on the job training”? The answer depends on whom you ask. Regardless of who is asked, the testimony given by forensic scientists are typically given more weight than other evidence. The articulation of the findings almost...
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...Convicted beyond a reasonable doubt is a phrase that is often thrown around within the courtroom of television dramas, however what about those who were convicted with reasonable doubt still in the air. Several movements such as the Innocence Project have now for 15 years been helping wrongfully convicted convicts regain freedom. A system that never originally accounted for the human error is now having light shone onto its discrepancies as we can never truly know to what rate people are wrongfully convicted. As stated by the National Academy of Sciences “There is no systematic method to determine the accuracy of a criminal conviction; if there were, these errors would not occur in the first place”(Gross, 2014). It is a sad day when a freeman is incarcerated for a crime that he did not commit, it is even worse that the true perpetrator is free to roam the street perhaps only to commit more crimes. Reasons for false convictions are very numerous and can range from being misidentified by an eyewitness to false confessions, however there seems to be a pattern in the way that false convictions occur, they have discrepancies within the court proceedings. One famous quote by William Blackstone reads “It is better that ten guilty persons...
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...Do Prisons Work? Can Individuals be Reformed or Rehabilitated through Incarceration and Treatment Programs. Critically examine the Current Treatment Programs offered and Subsequent Impact on Recidivism upon Individuals being released globally and WA specifically. This study will examine the effectiveness of current prison treatment programs in Australia, New Zealand, South East Asia, United States of America in rehabilitating or reforming an individual and coinciding recidivism rates upon a prisoners release. Prison based treatment programs for sex offenders in Western Australia, New South Wales and New Zealand are examined and recidivism rates compared. Treatment programs for offenders with drug and alcohol issues and the various strategies within the criminal justice system such as diversion, education and drug court programs are examined and differences explained. Rehabilitation programs such as education, life skills, employment and cognitive behavioural treatment are explained and research discussed. Conclusions will be drawn outlining programs with the highest level of recidivism both in Western Australia and globally. The “nothing works” mantra (Martinson) 1974, is seen to be refuted and treatment is seen to be successful when it is matched to the criminogenic needs of the offender (MacKenzie, 2006). Future recommendations are made in regards to the need for correctional staff to assess each offender as an individual with different needs, and to therefore...
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...drugs. This report will begin with a general look at what constitutes a “free market” economy and how its aspects of supply and demand are the very cornerstones of its existence. After discussing the concepts of supply and demand, the author will then address how the tenants of supply and demand relate to individual freedoms and individual competitions. Following this section of the present report, the author will seek to discuss illegal drug markets. In the final and closing section of this research report, the author will argue that the social problems created by illegal drug addiction could be managed in a “free market” economy that views addiction as a treatable disease rather than a criminal offense. The fundamental underpinning of a free market system is the competition it generates among those who are vying for the consumers’ dollars. The goal of the free market is for person (A) to provide a good or service that is wanted by customer (B). Person (A) and customer (B) then negotiate a price for that particular good or service. If person (A)’s price is too high or the good or service is inadequate, customer (B) then has the right and freedom to go to person (D) in order to maximize his or her return. While this may be oversimplified, it does capture parts of the culture of a free market system. Adam Smith wrote in late 1700 produced a theory that was termed the “invisible hand theory.” The premise of the theory was based upon the notion that “each...
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...Marxism It’s a political and economic philosophy by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels developed in the mid-19th century. Originally, it consisted of three related ideas: a philosophical anthropology, a theory of history, and an economic and political programme. It’s about a concept of the class struggle and within it the theory of how people in a society develops and fall into certain categories due to the politics’ pressure. Marxism in Feminism: It talks about the rights of women, which has kept changing over the time, and along with it the Feminist theory and the freedom of women having the control of her own life and desires. Marxist Feminist mainly believes in the moral right or wrong in corruption of wage labour, which is caused by the oppression of women. And to understand the capitalist sources of this, Marxist theory is developed and applied into it. Strengths of Marxism: Marxist theory looks at society as a whole, therefore acknowledging all the social forces involved. It recognises the power interests of different groups. Is good at explaining conflict and change in society. Stresses the role of class struggle (conflict) within society between the proletariat (workers) and the bourgeoisie (owners). Recognises that society is organised under capitalism, in that the bourgeoisie aim to maximise profit by exploiting the proletariat. Weaknesses of Marxism: Marxist theory finds it difficult to explain the presence of certain phenomena (for example Kerry Katona has...
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...Bangladesh – German Development Cooperation PROGRESS House 10C, Road 90, Gulshan 2, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh Tel: +880 2 9887567, Fax: +880 2 8813769 E-mail: progress@gtz.de,[->0] Websites: www.gtz.de[->1], www.gtz-progress.org[->2] Working Paper No – 6 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE BANGLADESH LABOR LAW 2006 AND 7 GENERAL CODES OF CONDUCT By Ameena Chowdhury Hanna Denecke Dhaka, October 21, 2007 PROGRESS (promotion of social, environmental and production standards in the ready-made garment sector) is a joint program of the Bangladesh Ministry of Commerce and the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), implemented by GTZ. Executive Summary The Readymade Garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh is a highly export oriented sector and therefore extremely volatile to requirements of international buyers. Since the adherence to international social standards has become a mandatory requirement in the international business arena, the local suppliers have to be compliant to these standards in order to remain in business. There have been some significant revisions to the Bangladesh Labor Law in 2006. This newly revised law already covers a lot of the common standards like employment conditions, occupational health and safety issues as well as the ILO core labor standards. Besides being complaint...
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...1970s, 34 states across the nation ratified new legislation on capital punishment that met the standards set by the Supreme Court. The most significant change in the history of death penalty cases transpired when United States legislators and the Congress passed what is now know as the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act .This made a capital punishment sentence possible for various federal crimes. Across this Nation there were approximately 15,000 legal executions of convicted inmates; and more than 7,700 of the legal executions have occurred in this century. As of today, 38 states have statutes involving capital punishment for convicted criminal offenders. An over whelming 3,610 inmates are condemned to death row in prisons throughout our Nation. Opponents of capital punishment consider the death penalty the...
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...03-Banks.qxd 1/30/04 4:52 PM Page 57 3 Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System ETHICAL BACKGROUND It is generally agreed that discrimination based on ethnic origin is morally wrong and a violation of the principle of equality. The equality principle requires that those who are equal be treated equally based on similarities, and that race is not a relevant consideration in that assessment (May and Sharratt 1994: 317). In other words, it is only possible to justify treating people differently if there exists some factual difference between them that justifies such difference in treatment (Rachels 1999: 94). Equality is a nonspecific term that means nothing until applied to a particular context. Thus, in a political context, equality means equal access to public office and equal treatment under the law, and equal treatment extends to equality in terms of job hiring, promotion, and pay. Race refers to groups of persons who are relatively alike in their biological inheritance and are distinct from other groups (American Anthropological Association 1997: 2). Ethnicity is a cultural phenomenon referring to a person’s identification with a particular cultural group (Hinman 1998: 403). Race is socially constructed, and the notion that persons “belong” to a particular race was developed in the last century based on the belief that there was a biological basis for categorizing groups of people. Biologically, however, the term race has no meaning, yet society...
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