...INDIA The Railtel Corporation of India was established in September 2000 as a public sector undertaking (PSU) and a 100 per cent subsidiary under the Ministry of Railways. It has been set up primarily to commercially utilize IR’s communication assets, which often have idle capacity. Vision: is to become the preferred telecom solutions and services provider for knowledge economy. Mission: To attain leadership in providing premier telecom infrastructure service by offering the cost-effective state of the art communication solutions. 5.1 Objectives RailTel To facilitate Railways in expeditious modernizing of their operation and safety systems and network providing by state of art communication infrastructure. To plan, build, develop, operate and maintain a nationwide broadband telecom and multimedia network to supplement national telecom infrastructure to spur growth of telecom, broadband and IT enabled value added services in all parts of country specially rural, remote and backward areas. To generate revenue through commercial exploitation of its telecom network. Investments/Developments Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into railway related components from April 2000 to September 2015 were US$ 652.2 million. Following are some of the major investments and developments in India’s railways sector: * Japan has offered to provide loan at less than one per cent interest rate for India’s first bullet train between Mumbai and Ahmedabad costing US$ 15...
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...Railways sector in India Indian railways started its 53km journey between Mumbai and Thane on April 16, 1853 and is today one of the largest railways in the world. Indian railway is spread over 109,221km covering 6906 stations. Operating three gauges, trains in India carry over 481 billion ton kilometers and 695 billion passenger kilometers of goods and traffic respectively. Indian railway carries 40% of freight traffic and 20% of the passenger traffic in country. IR is one of the premier infrastructural wings of the economy combining all major functions of a conventional Railway system. It builds and maintains infrastructure assets like Track, Electric traction, Signaling Systems, Telecom network, Stations / Terminals etc. Apart from operating goods and passenger trains, it operates suburban trains in various metros. It manufactures locomotives, coaching stock, wagon and components of rolling stock like Wheel & Axle. It runs workshops to maintain its rolling stock & is also involved in ancillary activities like catering, tourism etc. All the above activities are managed through a strong work force of 1.41 million. Indian Railway’s operations are characterized by mixed traffic –both passenger and Freight trains share the same track and infrastructure. Passenger trains constitute nearly 70% of the trains run but contribute to less than 35% of the revenue earned, while freight trains constituting only 30% of the trains, make up 65% of the revenue. Like most of the...
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...Railways are the biggest mode of transport in this country it carries large amount of freight and people through different parts of this country. Indian railways are the biggest employer of this country and it has the largest length of track in the world. Inspite of such huge infrastructure and such enviable human resource railways are facing problem because due to political and various other factors fare systems are not rationalized in our country. We still do not pass on the costs to our passengers. • Privatization will bring the much needed common-sense; less political interference. Apart from that such huge resource needs careful planning and judicious utilization...but the railways in our country is suffering from too much of bureaucracy nowadays when air fares are getting cheaper by the day we need to invest on high speed engines and tracks to get the edge. • Trivedi said the ministry has trimmed its loading targets for the current fiscal by 23 million tonnes to 970 million tonnes against 993 million tonnes target fixed at the beginning of the fiscal. Trivedi, however, asserted that the ministry has “retained” its freight earning targets in view of “freight rationalisation” implemented by the Railways a week ago. The Railways passenger earning targets have also been trimmed down by Rs 1,656 crore to Rs 28,800 crore. Reason being, less than targeted passengers growth in the current fiscal that stood at 5.1 per cent as against the budgeted target of 5.9 per cent. Trivedi...
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...Abstract Pakistan Railways is a national transport service of Pakistan. It’s head-quartered is in Lahore and is working under the Ministry of Railways. Pakistan Railway provides an important mode of transportation throughout Pakistan. It is commonly referred to as the "life line of the country", by aiding in large scale movement of people and freight throughout Pakistan. A railway all over the world is considered, cheapest, safest and efficient mode of passenger and freight carrier. Pakistan is no exception to this. Till 1970’s Pakistan railways used to be a profit earning entity. Due to successive governments tilt towards road network affected the railway operations. By introducing NLC (National Logistic Cell) during Zia’s regime railways started sliding downwards and till date has not been able to stand upon its legs. Railways need huge investments which was not forth coming by the governments who remain power one after the other. This not only affected the railway operation both in passenger as well as freight. The much needed investment in shape of infrastructure, equipment and material was not forth coming. The railway assets due to lack of repair and maintenance started becoming inoperative and obsolete. The lack of Government attention and apathy Pakistan railways has reached at its lowest ebb. The rolling stock and locomotives have outlived their utility. The only way through which Pakistan Railways can be broad back to its past glory if the Government injects heavy...
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...Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 16, Number 3—Summer 2002—Pages 67– 88 Economic Reforms in India Since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked? Montek S. Ahluwalia I ndia was a latecomer to economic reforms, embarking on the process in earnest only in 1991, in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The need for a policy shift had become evident much earlier, as many countries in east Asia achieved high growth and poverty reduction through policies that emphasized greater export orientation and encouragement of the private sector. India took some steps in this direction in the 1980s, but it was not until 1991 that the government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government. India’s economic performance in the postreform period has many positive features. The average growth rate in the ten-year period from 1992–1993 to 2001–2002 was around 6.0 percent, as shown in Table 1, which puts India among the fastest growing developing countries in the 1990s. This growth record is only slightly better than the annual average of 5.7 percent in the 1980s, but it can be argued that the 1980s growth was unsustainable, fuelled by a buildup of external debt that culminated in the crisis of 1991. In sharp contrast, growth in the 1990s was accompanied by remarkable external stability despite the east Asian crisis...
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...The brilliant setting brings about nostalgic moments while you await your fine selections. The exclusive restaurant offers distinct privacy and spices up legendary Indian, Chinese, Continental and Local recipes. Try the 24 hours garden cafe for sumptous snacks and beverages for that unforgettable taste. The Barbeque village makes an ideal venue for the culinary showmanship of our shefs in mouth watering barbequed specialities. Extensive recreational facilities and privacy transforms the visit into a great family outing and experience. The Chinese restaurant which is one among the hotel restaurants serves all the delight and delicious food made in traditional Chinese flavour. ABOUT US The renovated New Dodoma Hotel now stands 107 years old having been first erected by Germans in the year 1904 as a resting point for the Kaiser of German on his way to Ujiji during the inauguration of the Railway line from Dar es Salaam to Ujiji via Dodoma, but later the British colonies converted the Rest House to a Railway Hotel for the Tanzania Government to inherit after independence. | The Hotel was acquired on 17th of October 2002 through privatization by worldwide management a company associated to Estate Trading Ltd. Owners of the Blue Pearl Hotel and Apartments, Beachcomber hotel and Resort, Urban Rose hotel and Apartments and our New Hotel at Mbweni in Zanzibar under construction. LEISURE & FACILITIES | | | | | Welcome to one of the most cherished of hotels...
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...Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked? by Montek S. Ahluwalia* India was a latecomer to economic reforms, embarking on the process in earnest only in 1991, in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The need for a policy shift had become evident much earlier, as many countries in east Asia achieved high growth and poverty reduction through policies which emphasized greater export orientation and encouragement of the private sector. India took some steps in this direction in the 1980s, but it was not until 1991 that the government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government. India’s economic performance in the post-reforms period has many positive features. The average growth rate in the ten year period from 1992-93 to 2001-02 was around 6.0 percent, as shown in Table 1, which puts India among the fastest growing developing countries in the 1990s. This growth record is only slightly better than the annual average of 5.7 percent in the 1980s, but it can be argued that the 1980s growth was unsustainable, fuelled by a buildup of external debt which culminated in the crisis of 1991. In sharp contrast, growth in the 1990s was accompanied by remarkable external stability despite the east Asian crisis. Poverty also declined significantly in the post-reform period, and at a...
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...Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked? India was a latecomer to economic reforms, embarking on the process in earnest only in 1991, in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The need for a policy shift had become evident much earlier, as many countries in east Asia achieved high growth and poverty reduction through policies which emphasized greater export orientation and encouragement of the private sector. India took some steps in this direction in the 1980s, but it was not until 1991 that the government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government. India’s economic performance in the post-reforms period has many positive features. The average growth rate in the ten year period from 1992-93 to 2001-02 was around 6.0 percent, as shown in Table 1, which puts India among the fastest growing developing countries in the 1990s. This growth record is only slightly better than the annual average of 5.7 percent in the 1980s, but it can be argued that the 1980s growth was unsustainable, fuelled by a buildup of external debt which culminated in the crisis of 1991. In sharp contrast, growth in the 1990s was accompanied by remarkable external stability despite the east Asian crisis. Poverty also declined significantly in the post-reform period, and at a faster rate than in the 1980s...
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...Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked? by Montek S. Ahluwalia* India was a latecomer to economic reforms, embarking on the process in earnest only in 1991, in the wake of an exceptionally severe balance of payments crisis. The need for a policy shift had become evident much earlier, as many countries in east Asia achieved high growth and poverty reduction through policies which emphasized greater export orientation and encouragement of the private sector. India took some steps in this direction in the 1980s, but it was not until 1991 that the government signaled a systemic shift to a more open economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign investment, and a restructuring of the role of government. India’s economic performance in the post-reforms period has many positive features. The average growth rate in the ten year period from 1992-93 to 2001-02 was around 6.0 percent, as shown in Table 1, which puts India among the fastest growing developing countries in the 1990s. This growth record is only slightly better than the annual average of 5.7 percent in the 1980s, but it can be argued that the 1980s growth was unsustainable, fuelled by a buildup of external debt which culminated in the crisis of 1991. In sharp contrast, growth in the 1990s was accompanied by remarkable external stability despite the east Asian crisis. Poverty also declined significantly in the post-reform period, and at a faster...
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...OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT ABSTRACT In the present business world there has been a significant concentration on service based industries. This paper presents the way one of the world’s second biggest employer INDIAN RAILWAYS has been operating and together analyzing its various issues/ problems, and its relationship to operations practice in the organization. Though there have been many issues subjected to operations management practice, in the interest of word limitation a few issues relating to the concepts below has been discussed throughout. Consequently, incorporating some of the Operations Management theory like process(es) structure, quality dimensions, TQM, capacity planning, impact analysis, and improvement concepts. The study is based on the comparison of theories with actual practice, evaluating the applicability of these theories in real time progression of the organization, consideration of its impact on quality and customer focus. Finally, a proposal as to how the practice (es) could be enhanced. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Definition 4 1...
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...Analysis Political Regulators: Directorate General of Civil Aviation(DGCA) - controls flying Licenses, pilots, certifying aircrafts and procedures to govern airports & airspace. Airport Authority of India(AAI) • Assigned the responsibility of managing National and International airports and administration through Air Traffic Control(ATC). FDI ceiling in Airlines sector is 49% currently. FDI limits: - 100% for Greenfield airports - 74% for the existing airports - 100% for NRI’s. • Economic Factors Contribution to the Indian Economy Rising cost of fuel Investment in the sector of Aviation. The growth of middle income group family affects the Aviation sector Shortage of Infrastructure capacity Social Factors Development of cities leads to better services and airports Employment opportunities Safety regulations Technological Factors The growth of e-commerce and e-ticketing Mobile and online check-in Modernization and privatization of airports. Upgradation of ATC. • Environmental Factors The increase in the global warming The...
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...Tamil Nadu National law School PRIVATE SECTOR IN INDIA: BOON OR BANE SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF B.A.L.L.B (Hons.), THIRD SEMESTER Submitted to: Submitted by- Mr.Yuvraj Akash Gupta BA0130005 SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Project Report entitled: ‘PRIVATE SECTOR IN INDIA: BOON OR BANE’ submitted to the Tamil Nadu National Law School in partial fulfilment of the requirements for B.A. LL.B (Hons.), third semester is an original and bona-fide research work carried out by Akash Gupta under my supervision and guidance. No part of this study has been submitted to any University for the award of any Degree or Diploma whatsoever. ______________________ (Mr.Yuvraj) ------------------------------------------------- Preface This project is intended to carry out an extensive research on the topic “PRIVATE SECTOR IN INDIA: BOON OR BANE” by the supervisor. The research and analysis conducted by the researchers are bona-fide and purely for academic purposes. Every effort is made to keep the project error free. We would gratefully acknowledge the suggestions to improve the project to make it more useful. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...
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...ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FDI IN INDIA PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE | | | |PROFESSOR Pushan DUTT |TEAM MEMBERS | | | | | |Ajay BANSAL | |INSEAD |Gurjeet SINGH | |SINGAPORE CAMPUS | | | | | Introduction to FDI Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) broadly encompasses any long-term investments by an entity that is not a resident of the host country. Typically, the investment is over a long duration of time and the idea is to make an initial investment and then subsequently keep investing to leverage the host country’s advantages which could be in the form of access to better (and cheaper)...
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...similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials. India is the second largest country with a population of over 1.2 billion people. The country thrives off of small businesses headed by poor families trying to make a living and to support their families. In the past decade however, India has made it clear they want to expand their horizons. This idea is not favored with everyone due to the fear of forgetting India's roots and traditions to the modern way (or Western way). It is also causing a stir about the decline in profit to small businesses. The value of Indian economic output in 2012 will be $1.95 trillion and $2.12 trillion in 2013. That makes it one of the 10 largest economies in the world. India has already overtaken several rich countries such as Canada as far as the size of its economy goes. But faster economic growth is important as well as creating a robust economy that offers many opportunities to 1.2 billion Indians. The way to ensure this is...
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...Foreign direct investment in least developed countries (LCD’S): Some 850 million people, or 12 per cent of the world’s population, live in the 48 least developed countries (LDCs). These countries are the world’s poorest, with per capita GDP under $1,086,and with low levels of capital, human assets, exports and technological development. The Programme of Action of the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2001-2010 adopted at the Third United Nations Conference of the Least Developed Countries in 2001 in Brussels stated that foreign direct investment (FDI) was an important source of capital formation, know-how, employment generation and trade opportunities for LDCs and called for accelerating FDI inflows into these countries. Since 2001, both LDC governments and their development partners have indeed pursued proactive FDI promotion policies. Although there was an abrupt interruption of the secular trend in 2009, FDI flows to LDCs grew at an annual rate of 15 per cent during 2001-2010 as a whole to reach an estimated $24 billion by 2010, compared with $7.1 billion in 2001, and their share in global FDI flows rose from 0.9 per cent to over 2 per cent. The Brussels Declaration contained 30 international development goals for LDCs, including the attainment of an investment to GDP ratio of 25 per cent and an annual GDP growth rate of at least 7 per cent in order to achieve sustainable development and poverty reduction in LDCs. The Brussels goal of 7 per cent growth is being...
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