...Lecture notes chapter 4 Financial Forecasting Author's Overview Developing pro forma statements is a fairly involved process. However, the rewards to students are high in terms of understanding the interaction of accounting data and financial forecasting. The development of pro forma financial statements is an integrative exercise, so there is little reward for a halfway approach. The percent-of-sales method, presented at the back of the chapter, is a second approach to financial forecasting. It has the virtue of being easily understood and quickly mastered, but it does not have the full validity of developing pro forma statements. It is really a matter of instructor preference. Chapter Concepts * Financial forecasting is essential to the strategic growth of the firm. * The three financial statements for forecasting are the pro forma income statement, the cash budget and the pro forma balance sheet. * The percent-of-sales method may also be used for forecasting on a less precise basis. * The various methods of forecasting enable the firm to determine the amount of new funds required in advance. * The process of forecasting forces the firm to consider seasonal and other effects on cash flow. Annotated Outline and Strategy I. Need for Financial Planning ...
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...Chapter 4 Cash Flow and Financial Planning ( Instructor’s Resources Overview This chapter introduces the student to the financial planning process, with the emphasis on short-term (operating) financial planning and its two key components: cash planning and profit planning. Cash planning requires preparation of the cash budget, while profit planning involves preparation of a pro forma income statement and balance sheet. The text illustrates through example how these budgets and statements are developed. The weaknesses of the simplified approaches (judgmental and percent-of-sales methods) of pro forma statement preparation are outlined. The distinction between operating cash flow and free cash flow is presented and discussed. Current tax law regarding the depreciation of assets and the effect on cash flow are also described. The firm’s cash flow is analyzed through classification of sources and uses of cash. The student is guided in a step-by-step preparation of the statement of cash flows and the interpretation of this statement. This chapter ties in every person’s need to set goals, estimate income, and budget expenditures to the firm’s need to effectively engage in these activities. ( Answers to Review Questions 1. The first four classes of property specified by the MACRS system categorized by the length of the depreciation (recovery) period are called 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-years property: |Recovery Period |Definition ...
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...10: Given a description of a new business, new product, service or project develop, present and defend the budget. C. Project Activity Overview – Scenario / Summary: You have been asked to create a budget proposal for one of these businesses: Papa Geo’s Restaurant, The Cutting Edge Landscaping, or Wireless World Electronics Retail Store. This week you will begin working on the proposal by drafting the Executive Summary. Use the Budget Proposal Template.docx. D. Deliverables: Save the first paragraph of Section 1.0 Executive Summary Draft as YourName_Project_WK1.docx and upload to the Week 1 Project Dropbox. E. Project Tasks: Task 1: | Download the Budget Proposal Template.docx from DocSharing. | Task 2: | Download the Course Project Description.docx. from DocSharing. | Task 3: | Review the three different business scenarios. | Task 4: | Select the business for which you will create a budget proposal. | Task 5: | Draft the first paragraph of the Section 1.0 Executive Summary. | Task 6: | Save the Draft and submit to the dropbox. | F. Grading Criteria | Description | Suggested Points | The business is briefly described in one paragraph. | 3 | The business description is in your own words. | 3 | The business description appears in the Executive Summary section of the Budget Proposal Template. | 2 | The business description is one of the three businesses described in the business...
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...Wireless World Budget Proposal For 2010-2015 BUSN-278 Fall 2010 Professor Rebecca Boling Annie Hogan DeVry University ------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Section | Title | Subsection | Title | Page Number | 1.0 | Executive summary | | | 3 | 2.0 | Sales Forecast | | | 3 | | | 2.1 | Sales Forecast | 3 | | | 2.2 | Methods and Assumptions | 3 | 3.0 | Capital Expenditure Budget | | | 4 | 4.0 | Investment Analysis | | | 4 | | | 4.1 | Cash flows | 4 | | | 4.2 | NPV Analysis | 4-5 | | | 4.3 | Rate of Return Calculations | 5 | | | 4.4 | Payback Period Calculations | 6 | 5.0 | Pro Forma Financial Statements | | | 6 | | | 5.1 | Pro Forma Income Statement | 6 | | | 5.2 | Pro-Forma Cash flow Statement | 6 | | | 5.3 | Pro-Forma Balance Sheets | 7 | 6.0 | Works Cited | | | 7 | * * * * Wireless World is a retail store that sells strictly wireless products developed and geared towards busy individuals who need their product to match their on-the-go lifestyle. The products sold here include phones, notebooks, netbooks, eReaders, iPads, and other similar wireless products. The target demographic for Wireless World includes adults ranging from early twenties to late forties who lead very active and organized lifestyles. Our target market has an interest in wireless gadgets and the potential they hold. This store will be located in a large shopping center called Millenia...
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...MANAGEMENT 2 FINANCIAL PLANNING PROCCES Reported by: Corina V. Lalaguna Submitted to: Atty. Celso D. Beneloga Ph.D, CPA Topic Outline: * The Financial Planning Process * Cash Planning: Cash Budgets * Profit Planning: Pro Forma Statements * Preparing the Pro Forma Income Statement * Preparing the pro Forma Balance Sheet * Debt/Interest Planning Problem * The Percentage of Sales Method-A Formula Approah References: Principles of Managerial Finance By Lawrence Gittman Practical Financial Management By William R. Lasher Financial Planning Projecting a company’s financial statements into the future. Financial planning is part of a broader activity known as business planning. Financial planning is an important aspect of the firm’s operations because it provides road maps for guiding, coordinating and controlling the firm’s actions to achieve its objectives. Two key aspects of the financial planning process are cash planning and profit planning. Financial Planning Process Planning that begins with long-term, or strategic, financial plans that in turn guide the formulation of short term, or operating, plans and budgets. Cash planning involves preparation of the firm’s cash budget. Profit planning involves preparation of pro forma statements. Long term or strategic financial plans lay out a company’s planned financial actions and the anticipated impact of those actions over periods ranging from 2 to 10 years. Those long...
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...charged against annual revenues over time. The net effect is that depreciation deductions increase a firm’s cash flow because they reduce a firm’s tax bill. Depreciation for tax purposes is determined by using the modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS), a system used to determine the depreciation of assets for tax purposes. The time period over which an asset is depreciated is called its depreciable life. The shorter the depreciable life, the larger the annual depreciation deductions will be, and the larger will be the tax savings associated with those deductions, all other things being equal. Recovery period: The appropriate depreciable life of a particular asset as determined by MACRS. There are six MACRS recovery periods: 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 years. The operating flows are cash inflows and outflows directly related to the sale and production of the firm’s products and services. Investment flows are cash flows associated with the purchase and sale of both fixed assets and equity investments in other firms. Purchase = cash outflow Sale = cash inflow The financing flows result from debt and equity financing transactions. Noncash charge: An expense that is deducted on the income statement but does not involve the actual outlay of cash during the period; includes depreciation, amortization, and depletion. Operating cash flow (OCF): The cash flow a firm generates from its normal operations; calculated as net operating profits after taxes (NOPAT) plus depreciation...
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...Case Three CHEF’S TOOLKIT INC. Cash Budgeting 企业现金需求分析和预算 1 Case Explanation: cash budgeting History: Jefferys, invention of Pasta server Production: data Marketing: data Financial Implication: data Data: Composition of Canadian Households; Balance sheet(July 15, 1994) Jefferys Personal balance sheet (July 15, 1994) Production Schedule in Unit 2 Study Questions Q1:What is the Case? (1)event?(2)Companies?(3)Persons?(4)Time? What is the problem?(5)Why is the problem?(6)Possible Solutions? Q2:Analyses (1) Background of Chef’s Toolkit Inc. ? (2) CV of managers? (3)What is the invention? (4)Company Size-up: production, marketing, and financial status? Q3:Budgeting(monthly sales : 10,000; 5,000; 30,000): production schedule, cash budget, Pro-forma income statement, Pro-forma balance sheet Q4:How can the firm avoid loss? Break –even calculation? Q5: How much money do the firm need for financing? Should Dale Raid invest? What are his risks? 3 Case Summary(案例) M r. P eter Jeffery President of Chef’s Toolkit Inc. M r. Dale Reid Private Investor 风险投资家 Obtain funds to start manufacturing and marketing a new pasta server. 4 Case Summary(案例) Produce Sell Chef’s Toolkit Inc. Pasta Server 意大利通心粉 Chef or Housewife 5 Objectives(目标) Produce projected income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statement up to July 31, 1995. 预计财务报告 Obtain fund from Dale Reid. 6 Why Budget? 预算 If you know where you are going...
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...Three CHEF’S TOOLKIT INC. Cash Budgeting 企业现金需求分析和预算 1 Case Explanation: cash budgeting History: Jefferys, invention of Pasta server Production: data Marketing: data Financial Implication: data Data: Composition of Canadian Households; Balance sheet(July 15, 1994) Jefferys Personal balance sheet (July 15, 1994) Production Schedule in Unit 2 Study Questions Q1:What is the Case? (1)event?(2)Companies?(3)Persons?(4)Time? What is the problem?(5)Why is the problem?(6)Possible Solutions? Q2:Analyses (1) Background of Chef’s Toolkit Inc. ? (2) CV of managers? (3)What is the invention? (4)Company Size-up: production, marketing, and financial status? Q3:Budgeting(monthly sales : 10,000; 5,000; 30,000): production schedule, cash budget, Pro-forma income statement, Pro-forma balance sheet Q4:How can the firm avoid loss? Break –even calculation? Q5: How much money do the firm need for financing? Should Dale Raid invest? What are his risks? 3 Case Summary(案例) M r. P eter Jeffery M r. Dale Reid Private Investor President of 风险投资家 Chef’s Toolkit Inc. Obtain funds to start manufacturing and marketing a new pasta server. 4 Case Summary(案例) Sell Produce Chef’s Toolkit Inc. Pasta Server Chef or Housewife 意大利通心粉 5 Objectives(目标) Produce projected income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statement up to July 31, 1995. 预计财务报告 Obtain fund from Dale Reid. 6 Why Budget? 预算 If you know where...
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...Papa Geo’s Restaurant Budget Proposal For [2014-2019] BUSN-278 [Term] Professor[name] DeVry University ------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Section | Title | Subsection | Title | Page Number | 1.0 | Executive summary | | | | 2.0 | Sales Forecast | | | | | | 2.1 | Sales Forecast | | | | 2.2 | Methods and Assumptions | | 3.0 | Capital Expenditure Budget | | | | 4.0 | Investment Analysis | | | | | | 4.1 | Cash flows | | | | 4.2 | NPV Analysis | | | | 4.3 | Rate of Return Calculations | | | | 4.4 | Payback Period Calculations | | 5.0 | Pro Forma Financial Statements | | | | | | 5.1 | Pro Forma Income Statement | | | | 5.2 | Pro-Forma Cash flow Statement | | | | 5.3 | Pro-Forma Balance Sheets | | 6.0 | Works Cited | | | | 7.0 | Appendices | | | | | | 7.1 | Appendix 1: [description] | | | | 7.2 | Appendix 2: [description] etc | | * 1.0 Executive Summary 1.0 Executive Summary * Papa Geo’s an Italian restaurant will be a start up business which will be located in Orland, Florida. The restaurant will have strong emphasis on quality and will work on low cost strategy which will help in attracting more and more consumers across the place. Being located in the heart of the city and its value pricing strategy, the company will be able to attract the large junk of consumers. The company will not compete with the established international brands but will make its own image with...
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...Guillermo Furniture Store and Pro Forma Analysis Guillermo Navellez, once the owner of the largest flourishing furniture store in Sonora, Mexico faces globalization and the emergence of foreign competition. Inexpensive labor and the abundance of timber in Sonora are major factors, which contributed to the manufacturing of the store’s furniture. Guillermo faces new competition that possesses advanced technology with the ability to manufacture faster and at lower costs. With the emergence of this sophisticated technology, the company requires change to cease the decease of revenue and sales (University of Phoenix, 2012). Guillermo hires Jevaloch Consulting Firm, Incorporated to examine his current business forecast and choose strategies in optimal working capital. Additionally, Jevaloch will also provide an efficient pro forma budget and recommend an implementation plan. Guillermo Furniture Forecast Forecasting is an important tool for estimating the future market value for the business. Jevaloch consultants began the examination of Guillermo Furniture by reviewing a six month Figure 1.1 Budget Sales Forecasts. Figure 1.2 Actual Sales Forecasts. projection of sales forecast for units of chairs, the top sales item for the store, sold from January to June 2010. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 are representative of the budget unit sales and actual unit sales for Guillermo Furniture. The average monthly demands for the budget sales is 18,014/6 = 3002.3 and 17,997/6 = 2999.5 for...
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...PLAN – Simply present the organizational chart filled-out with the hierarchy of positions per department. State the job descriptions of each entity. Please follow the outline on how to present in the documentation. FINANCIAL PLAN – The figures below are only samples. Variables may vary depending on the proposed project. Please follow the outline on how to present the plan. Operating and Capital Budgets A Sample Manufacturing Budget for First three Months (P000s) | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Projected sales (units) | 50 | 60 | 70 | Desired ending Inventory | 3 | 2 | 6 | Available for sale | 53 | 62 | 76 | Less: beginning inventory | 0 | 3 | 2 | Total production required | 53 | 59 | 74 | A Sample Operating Budget for Three Months (P000s) Expense | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Rent | P10 | P10 | P12 | Utilities | 3 | 3 | 3 | Salaries | 12 | 12 | 15 | Depreciation | 5 | 5 | 5 | Insurance | 2 | 2 | 2 | Advertising | 12 | 12 | 18 | Catalogs | 3 | 4 | 8 | Total operating expenses | P47 | P48 | P63 | Pro forma Income Statements MPP Plastics, Inc., Pro forma Income Statement, First Year by Month (P000s) | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | Sales | 40.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | Less: cost of goods sold | 26.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | Gross profit | 14.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | Operating expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | Selling expenses...
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...World - Wireless Device Retail Store Budget Proposal For [2011 to 2014/15] BUSN-278 [Term] Professor[name] DeVry University Table of Contents |Section |Title |Subsection |Title |Page Number | |1.0 |Executive summary | | |3 | |2.0 |Sales Forecast | | |4 | | | |2.1 |Sales Forecast |4 | | | |2.2 |Methods and Assumptions |5 | |3.0 |Capital Expenditure Budget | | |5 | |4.0 |Investment Analysis | | |6 | | | |4.1 |Cash flows |6, 7 | | | |4.2 |NPV Analysis ...
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...prices and lure customers but Guillermo has to decide on the best options for the company either upgrade or move forward working as he did making quality products for customer’s expectation. In order for Guillermo to improve his company, Guillermo has to seek other alternatives and make financial decisions to increase sales to make profits. The contents of the paper will examining Sensitivity Analysis, Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), multiple valuation techniques in reducing risks, calculate NPV for future cash flows and work out pro forma cash flow budget for the next five years for the organization and analyze the companies projected earnings (UOP, 2009). Analysis of Different Alternatives Guillermo has three available alternatives to evaluate the furniture store. First alternative is to keep itself in the current position. The current managers use capital budgeting techniques to find the best project among the group of projects. Current budget for Guillermo is $42,577 net income before taxes could observe capital markets for just a short time to convince consumer the market rates are not at a constant. Guillermo has to pay his laborer the amount of $20 to $30 an hour including overtime to perform the amount of work necessary to have quality furniture for consumers to choose from. However, only one expected/required return for a given risk level in an efficient capital market (Emery, Finnerty, and Stowe p. 189). Second alternative is the Hi-Tech...
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...the most crucial aspect of the business plan and involves in performing the total project cost, choice of sources of financing and preparation of financial projections in terms of pro forma statement, which include the costing functional like cash flow, income statement and balance sheet for the purpose of finding out the financial position of the business. In addition, the financial plan should be supported by depreciation schedules for every fixed asset owned as well as amortization schedules for loan and hire purchases repayments. The financial plan is prepared after all budgets pertaining to marketing, operations and administrative aspects (known as operating budgets) are completed. On the other hand, financial plan will give a detailed in the indication of the business performances, so that this information will assist the planning and control activities of business operations. It also helps management make policy decision. The financial information from the operation budgets is then translated or transform into financial budgets. Based on this financial data, projections are then prepared via services pro forma statements, which known as cash flow, income statement and balance sheet. These pro forma statements are normally prepared for a minimum 3 years planning period. The terms pro forma statement, used in the context of planning, means a project statement of something that the entrepreneur estimated in advance. Financial...
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... JCT Task 1 B1 Pro-forma statements is a financial statement showing the forecast or projected operating results and balance sheet, as in pro forma income statements, balance sheets, and statements of cash flows. I did not use pro-forma statements in the beginning and it became nearly impossible to calculate my future expenses. If I had used the pro-forma statement, I would have been much more successful with the latter outcome by having funds available and less overhead. A budget statement consists of an operating statement, including other economic flows, a balance sheet, and a cash flow statement, which I did not use until I realized that my company was in trouble after the third quarter. If I would have used my budget statement appropriately in the beginning, the company would have seen proper growth and capital gains. The negative outcome of not using budget statements was clear throughout the last three quarters. My negative cash flow became excessive in quarter two due to over production of my products. Therefore in quarter three I had extremely high inventory holding cost and excess capacity costs. I tried to adjust in quarter four for the price per unit to compensate for my negative cash flow but I was already too far in the negative. Now that I have learned how the pro-forma statement works, I would have been able to take a better approach on how to save and invest money for the...
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