...Electronics Contract Manufacturing: Global Production and the International Division of Labor in the Age of the Internet Boy Lüthje Institute of Social Research Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Senckenberganlage 26 60325 Frankfurt Germany E-mail: luethje@soz.uni-frankfurt.de Submitted for publication to Industry and Innovation – special issue on “Global Production Networks, Information Technology and Local Capabilities”, coordinated by Linsu Kim and Dieter Ernst Comments welcome, please do not quote December 2001 2 The role of information technology for production networks in developing countries cannot be assessed without an analysis of the profound changes in the productive structure of global capitalism. In contrast to the general perception of the “informational economy” (Carnoy e.a. 1993, Castells 1996) as service- or science-based, it has to be stressed that in the "new economy" manufacturing continues to matter (Cohen/Zysman 1987). In the electronics industry, a new model of outsourced manufacturing has emerged as a centerpiece of globalized production networks: Contract Manufacturing (CM) or Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS). This form of network-based mass production closely linked to the emergence of the “Wintelist” (Borrus/Zysman 1997 model of competition and the rise of “fabless” product design companies in key sectors of the information technology (IT) industry. Our analysis of electronics contract manufacturing explores three interrelated...
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...IT and the Changing Social Division of Labor: The Case of Electronics Contract Manufacturing[1]GLOBAL PRODUCTION AND THE INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOR IN THE AGE OF THE INTERNET Boy Lüthje Institute of Social Research University of Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 26 D-60325 Frankfurt/M Germany Telephone: 069/756183-30, -43 Fax: 069/747709 E-Mail: luethje@soz.uni-frankfurt.de Draft paper for conference Transforming Enterprise Department of Commerce Auditorium Washington, D.C., January 27-28, 2003 Draft! Comments and suggestions welcome, but please do not quote! The impact of information technology on business, economy and society cannot be examined without an analysis of the profound changes in the productive structure of global capitalism. In the electronics industry, a new model of outsourced manufacturing has emerged as the centrepiece of globalized production networks: Contract Manufacturing (CM) or Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS). This form of network-based mass production is closely linked to the disintegration of the value chain and the emergence of the “Wintelist” (Borrus and Zysman 1997) model of competition and the rise of “fabless” product design companies in key sectors of the IT industry. In contrast to the general perception of the “informational economy” (Carnoy et al 1993, Castells 1996) as service- or science-based, the rise of the CM-model demonstrates that manufacturing still matters in the "new economy" (Cohen and Zysman 1987)...
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...aspect). 22-4 The chapter cites five benefits of decentralization: 1. Creates greater responsiveness to local needs 2. Leads to gains from faster decision making 3. Increases motivation of subunit managers 4. Aids management development and learning 5. Sharpens the focus of subunit managers The chapter cites four costs of decentralization: 1. Leads to suboptimal decision making 2. Results in duplication of activities 3. Focuses managers’ attention on the subunit rather than the company as a whole 4. Increases costs of gathering information 22-5 No. Organizations typically compare the benefits and costs of decentralization on a function-by-function basis. For example, companies with highly decentralized operating divisions frequently have centralized income tax strategies. 22-6 No. A transfer price is the price one subunit of an organization charges for a product or service...
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...CASE STUDY #3 Problems in the Computer Assembly Division You are in charge of a five person operation responsible for assembling personal computers for a small computer manufacturing firm located in the southeast. As the assembly unit supervisor, your production goals include assembling 80 personal computers per day and ensuring 95 percent of these computers pass the operational inspection of the quality assurance unit. To meet these goals, you coordinate and plan the work of your five subordinates and ensure they have the training and materials needed to get the job done. To maximize efficiency, you have organized the tasks performed by the group members along functional lines. Fred is responsible for assembling all of the hard drives for the unit. Fred is a retired Army sergeant with 16 years of electronics experience, is a hard worker, and has been assembling hard drives for six years. Bill assembles the CD ROM and floppy drives. Bill recently completed an electronics degree from a local technical school and this is his first full time job. He is 20 years old and has been working in the assembly unit for a year. Sherry assembles the mother boards. She is a single mother with two children and will be completing her bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in three months. She has been with the assembly unit for four years and has been an outstanding employee. Julie does the final assembly, and has only been with the assembly unit for six months. Julie is 22 years old...
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...HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Human Resource management in UK perspectives Contents Introduction 3 Literature review and Critical analysis 4 World War I and II 4-6 Training and development 6-7 Total Quality Management (TQM) 7-8 Conclusion 8 References .............................................................................................................................................9 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to consider the work of Audrey Collin in British perspectives compared to the international perspectives. Secondly to identify human resource issue and look at in British point of view. The studies of HRM by Collins provide us a colourful findings and rich competing theoretical outlook. HRM run through all human resource processes such as recruitment, selection, and performance evaluation as well as formal human resource policies, which direct and to some extent hamper the progress of specific practices; and over arching human resource thought, which state the principles that inform an organization's policies and practices. Ideally, these embrace a system that exert a pull on, develops, motivates, and maintain workers who guarantee the effective operation and survival of the business and its component. To be on familiar terms with HRM in context we must think about how these elements of HRM are affected by the internal and external environments of organizations. The internal organizational contextual factors...
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...activities, consumption of resources, and cost. Activity-based costing changes “the rules of the game” since it changes some of the key measures that manager’s use for their decision making and for evaluating individuals’ performance (Accounting4management.com). In order for Glaser to implement a successful activity-based costing system management must take a look at their overhead costs and justify whether or not they have enough overhead to be worrying about. While we do not know Glaser’s monetary value of their overhead costs, it seems that they have several divisions with a large amount of cost categories management must consider. The three main divisions of Glaser Health Products are Operations, Sales, and Administrative. Under each division are costs categories that have been divided up to help management determine where they belong. (Appendix A identifies each of the costs with the appropriate division). Next, management must identify the big overhead cost in order to determine whether or not they want to allocate some or a bunch of overhead using the activity-based costing system. I suggest that...
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...Zing PC Company Introduction In April 200X, Zippy Computer, Inc., merged with Binger International, Ltd. The new entity was named Zinger Electronics, Inc. and began trading on the NASDAQ. Zinger Electronics, Inc., produces a variety of high-tech goods and services—computers and servers, Internet services, Web hosting, and business-to-business e-commerce applications. Their award-winning computers are sold under the ZingPC brand to business, government, education, and consumer markets. The ZingPC division designs and manufactures a broad range of computer products that ranks among the industry leaders in technology, innovation, price, and computing performance. These award-winning products are marketed under the following lines: Zinger Millennia desktop computers, Zinger TransPort notebook computers, Zinger ClientPro corporate computers, and HP NetServer servers. These product lines are manufactured exclusively at the company’s facilities in Cheyenne, Wyoming. ZingPC products can be purchased directly from the company’s Web site http://www.ZingPC. com, by calling a toll-free 800 telephone number, through company field sales representatives, and through leading national retailers. Early Successes and Challenges As a new organization, ZingPC adopted a product-focused strategy. Its goal was to provide the fastest and most powerful PC on the market. ZingPC built a 216,000- square-foot facility in Laramie, Wyoming (more than doubling its original capacity), and dedicated...
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...(1940), radar (1942), broadcasting equipment (1952), and digital computers (1954), Toshiba became the first in the world to produce the powerful one-megabit DRAM2 chip in 1985. The first laptop computer, the T3100, was also unveiled by Toshiba, in 1985.3 In 1995, Toshiba was an electronics giant, third in Japan behind Hitachi and Matsushita,4 posting sales of $47.9 billion and a net profit of $447 million. The information and communication systems and electronic devices division, which included notebook PCs, accounted for 52% of the company’s total sales. By 1995, Toshiba had produced more than 5 million portable PCs since it introduced the first laptop a decade earlier. The market for portable PCs was one of the most dynamic and rapidly expanding segments of the computer industry, as increasingly mobile professionals demanded powerful, light-weight machines packed with features. In total, 2.85 million notebook computers were sold in the U.S. in 1994, and sales in 1995 were projected to exceed 3.6 million units. In the first quarter of 1995, Toshiba was the leader in the lucrative US portable computer market, with a 19%. Toshiba’s Ome Works, located 50 kilometers west of Tokyo in the city of Ome, began operation in January 1968. In a building measuring 80,000 square meters (860,000 square feet), Ome produced personal computers, word processors, optical character readers (OCRs), PC boards, hard disk drives, computer and...
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...Sherman Computer Repair New Direction Sherman Computer Repair is a small computer repair company, has the opportunity to move from a computer repair company to a computer assembly company through the use of creativity and innovation (University of Phoenix, 2009). “Innovation is the process by which organizations use their resources and competences to develop new or improved goods and services or to develop new production and operating systems so that they can better respond to the needs of their customers” (Jones, 2004, p. 403). Sherman Computer Repair has to restructure the company. They have to make changes and innovate to be successful. They must introduce new processes by using new technologies, and services to expand and be more successful. Sherman Computer Repair must plan strategies accordingly and think how they are going to approach change to ensure success with the new company’s direction. This paper will present Sherman Computer Repairs new organizational design. Also, it will consider company’s external environment which will include strengths and weaknesses of the company’s as well as current talent workforce and options to change will be presented. Sherman Computer Repair Organizational Design Sherman Computer Repair works in three different locations. They offer repair services for computer hardware. Every location is staffed with a manager, three computer technicians, and a receptionist (University of Phoenix, 2009). Also, there are 12 mobile technicians...
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...CHAPTER 19: QUALITY, TIME, AND THE THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS TRUE/FALSE 1. Shortening delivery times is a minor part of the quality improvement process. Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 1 Shortening delivery times is a major part of the quality improvement process. 2. ISO 9000 developed by the International Organization for Standardization is a set of five international standards for quality management adopted by more than 85 countries. Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 1 3. Quality of design measures how closely the characteristics of products or services meet the needs and wants of customers. Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 1 4. In the banking industry, depositing a customer's check into the wrong bank account is an example of quality of design failure. Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 1 This is an example of conformance quality failure. 5. Costs of quality (COQ) reports usually do not consider opportunity costs. Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 1 6. A control chart identifies potential causes of failures or defects. Answer: False Difficulty: 2 Objective: 2 This is a definition of a Pareto diagram. 7. A cause-and-effect diagram is used to help identify potential causes of defects. Answer: True Difficulty: 2 Objective: 2 8. Allocated cost amounts are an important determinant of the costs of a quality improvement program. Answer: False Difficulty:...
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...TECHNOLOGY TO CABLE ASSEMBLY PRODUCTION LINE By Luis E. Centeno A. A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Management Technology Approved: 4 Semester Credits Dr. Thomas Lacksonen Research Advisor The Graduate College University of Wisconsin-Stout May, 2002 The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT Centeno (Va~riter)(Last Luis (First) E (Initial) Name) APPLICATION OF DEMAND FLOW TECHNOLOGY TO CABLE ASSEMBLY PRODUCTION LINE (Title) Management Technology Dr. Thomas Lacksonen May, 2002 (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) 33 (No.of Pages) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) D.F.T. (Demand Flow Technology) principles were applied to the cable assembly operations. The main objective is to reduce production time with the implementation of a new cable assembly line designed following Demand Flow Technology concepts. The study takes place in a manufacturing company specializing in fall protection equipment that has cable assembly operation as one of the major activities in the production of its finished goods. D.F.T. is a new business strategy based on Demand Flow Manufacturing techniques that help manufacturers to optimize the production system working in all the departments of the company. The final result was a manufacturing cell layout for the cable assemblies, Improvements...
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...Running Head: SHERMAN COMPUTER REPAIR NEW DIRECTION Sherman Computer Repair New Direction Kristen Nelson University of Phoenix Sherman Computer Repair New Direction There is one major thing about Sherman Computer Repair Company, they are a small company and they would like to become a larger company that is no longer just a computer repair company. Sherman Computer Repair Company would like to also become a computer assembly company. In order for them to do this they would need to look at creativity and innovation in order to make this happen. “Innovation is the process by which organizations use their resources and competences to develop new or improved goods and services or to develop new production and operating systems so that they can better respond to the needs of their customers (Jones, 2004). In order for a company to have change, innovation is very important for Sherman Computer Repair. This may require the company to restructure their current business and also include new equipment, new technology and new processes from the current way that things are currently done. With doing this, this will help the company come up with new strategies when it comes to their business. The company can look at their strengths and weaknesses and then be able to decide where things need to be changed in order for this restructuring of the organization to happen. This paper will show how these things will happen and how the companies current organizational...
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...Summary Brent Cartier, Manager for Special Projects in the Materials Department of HP Vancouver Division. Bob Foucoult, production manager. Dr. Billy, inventory expert from Corporate HP. Laura Rock, an industrial engineer. Jim Bailey, the planning supervisor. Jose Fernandez, the purchasing supervisor. Kay Johnson, the traffic department supervisor. HP company was founded in 1939 by William Hewlett and David Packard. During 1980s HP and Canon separately pioneered inkjet technology at their respective corporate laboratories. HP led the inkjet market in the US, while Canon led the market in Japan. European competitors included Epson, Manisman-Tally, Siemens’ and Olivetti. Inkjet printers were rapidly becoming commodity products. The end customer, choosing between two inkjet printers of equal speed and print quality, increasingly used general business criteria such as cost, reliability, quality and availability to decide. Product loyalty continued to decrease. In Vancouver Division, the manufacturing organization realized early on that a fast, high-volume process would be required for success in the printer market. With the current(1979) 8-12 week cycle time and 3.5 months of inventory, it would be doomed to fail. From 1982, Vancouver Division had converted the factory to stockless production and had reduced inventory from 3.5 months to 0.9 months, with a drastic reduction in cycle time. The network of suppliers, manufacturing sites, distribution centers(DCs), dealers and customers...
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...had held since 1931. Toyota sold 2.35 million vehicles worldwide in the January-March 2007 period compared to GM’s 2.26 million vehicles. In addition to competition from GM and Ford in the United States, Toyota also faces tough domestic competitors-Honda Motor, which is the third largest automobile manufacturer in Japan, and Nissan, which is the second largest. The Company’s innovators, such as their production executive Taiichi Ohno, are credited with : 1. Inventing just-in-time (JIT) production to reduce inventory costs 2. Introducing the philosophy of worker empowerment called kaizen, allowing workers to keep finding ways to improve production methods. 3. Introducing the idea of stopping assembly lines in order to correct problems before continuing to achieve the highest levels of product quality. 4. Nurturing worker loyalty by offering lifetime employment. The last time Toyota resorted to massive job cuts was during difficult times in 1950 5. Implementing a system and culture of frequent interaction between all levels...
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...complaints regarding facilities inside the university as this will ease management to maintain wellness of university’s facilities. This system can be accessible by students and staffs to report any damages as they can submit complaint without having to logging into the system. Complainant however must provide sufficient details such as matric number or staff identification, full name and contact number. Additional to that, database is also needed for administrator to store complaints and its status. As reflect to that function, this system can provide the status of damages reported as to make sure those damages have been looked and solved by authorize management division. In order to develop this system, Oracle Database 10g Express Edition, ConText and Web 2.0 are needed. Problem Statement Facilities such as laboratory computers, kulliyyahs’ elevators and air conditioning can be seen easily and detected by management if there are any damages happen. However, if it is happen to be damages to students’ rooms and gymnasium equipment that students need to inform management level to be solved. A manual system is...
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