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Problems with Eskom

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Submitted By pdtheron
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Inhoudsopgawe
1. Inleiding
2. Landbou in Suid-Afrika
2.1 Invoer van mielies
2.2 Probleme in Suid Afrika
2.3 Uitdaging 1 se oplossing
3. Eskom
3.1 Mynbou
3.2 Algemene maatskappy
3.3 Uitdaging 2 se oplossing
4. Zuma/ANC
4.1 Werkloosheid
4.2 Werknemers
4.3 Uitdaging van aspek 3
4.3.1 Loonsubsidies
4.3.2Noodskemas vir swak firmas en sektore
5. Samevatting

1. Inleiding
Die tema van die verslag is as volg: As President van Republiek van Suid-Afrika, identifiseer die belangrikste sosio-ekonomiese prioriteite en uitdagings vir die land en stel ook voor watter beleide of oplossings sou jy volg om dit aan te spreek.
Sosio-ekonomiese probleme kan gesien word as, ’n kwessie wat betrekking tot, of wat 'n kombinasie van sosiale en ekonomiese faktore is. Dit kom neer op ekonomiese probleme wat die gemeenskap raak of ekonomiese probleme wat ontstaan as gevolg van die gemeenskap.
Die volgende kwessies kan as voorbeelde van sosio-ekonomiese probleme in Suid-Afrika beskou word: Misdaad, armoede, werkloosheid, MIV/VIGS (of soortgelyke groot skaalse siektes), stakings, die probleem met handboeke in Limpopo, regstellende aksies, grondeise(hierby inbereken die agter uitgaan van landbou in geheel).
In die studie sal daar slegs op drie uitdagings gekonsentreer word wat as van die belangrikste sosio-ekonomiese kwessies geag word, naamlik die landbou sektor in Suid- Afrika, Eskom en die effek van die wanbestuur en laastens die huidige regering waar onder meer werkloosheid die hoof gesprek van die paragraaf sal wees.
2. Landbou in Suid-Afrika
Die landbou in Suid-Afrika kan vir sommige mense gesien word as die fundamentele grondslag van ons land. Nog ‘n rede waarom daar met die kwessie begin word, is dat dit nie net ‘n groot inspuiting is vir Suid-Afrika se ekonomie nie, maar dit is fundamenteel vir die voeding van die burgers van Suid-Afrika. Dus word dit nie net as ‘n ekonomiese probleem gesien nie, maar ook as ‘n sosio-ekonomiese probleem. In die paragraaf sal daar gefokus word op saai boere wat produkte nie net in Suid Afrika versprei nie, maar ook boere wat op ‘n groot skaal produkte uitvoer.
2.1 Invoer van mielies
Suid-Afrika voer vir die eerste keer in 11 maande weer mielies in nadat die ergste droogte sedert 1992 plaaslike oeste verniel het. Volgens Reuters het Suid-Afrikaanse handelaars bestellings geplaas om ’n onbekende hoeveelheid geelmielies vir dierevoer vanuit Argentinië in te voer. Veeboere in die Wes-kaap sal erder mielies invoer voor hulle dit teen die huidige hoë pryse in die binneland laat vervoer.
Die plaaslike prys van witmielies het reeds vanjaar met 27% gestyg, terwyl geelmielies nou 13% duurder is. Noordwes en die Vrystaat verskaf 64% van Suid-Afrika se mielie-oes, maar as gevolg van droogte veral in die twee provinsies was dit nie dieselfde oeste nie bereik nie.
Graan SA bereken dat die land tot in Maart 2016 934 ton geelmielies sal moet invoer uit lande soos Argentinië en die Oekraïne. Die beperkte internasionale beskikbaarheid van witmielies maak dit onwaarskynlik dat dié variëteit ingevoer sal word, wat pryse kan laat styg indien daar ’n tekort ontstaan.
2.2 Probleme in Suid Afrika
Die huidige probleem wat ons ervaar is dat die gemiddelde ouderdom van ‘n boer 62 jaar oud is, volgens n studie van Agri SA. Verder is daar net sowat 37 000 boere, teenoor 120 000 in 1994 wat 50 miljoen mense moet kos gee.
Die samevatting van die probleem is dat Suid-Afrika se verbruikers nou gaan moet duurder betaal vir produkte wat ons kan en al vervaardidig het omrede dit moet ingevoer word. Dit gaan ook druk op meule sit wat die prys van mielies moet dop hou om pap te vervaardig wat as stapelvoedsel vir n groot hoeveeldeid mense in Suid Afrika beskou word. Mense wat met die droogte nog kan bekostig om te plant sal ‘n hoër prys ontvang vir die produk en dus sal daar nog steeds n groter skeiding wees tussen die ‘ryk’ en ‘arm’ mens in Suid Afrika.
2.3 Uitdaging 1 se oplossing
Die probleem kan as volg gedefinieër word: Die mense in Suid-Afrika beskik nie oor goeie vooruitsigte nie ten op sigte van mielies nie. Verder is daar ook nie genoeg boere om hierdie probleem aan te spreek nie, want meeste boere is bang om te plant as gevolg van die groot droogte in Suid Afrika en ander interne faktore soos BEE-faktore, ontnemings en onteinings.
Mexiko is die enigste ander groot produsent van witmielies in die wêreld, en Suid-Afrika is die grootste witmielieprodusent in Afrika. Dus is dit belangrik om die kwessie op te los of aan te spreek omrede dit vir Suid Afrika ’n inkomste lewer en nie sy eie burgers onder druk plaas met hoë pryse nie.
Kennis wat verlore gaan of nie oorgedra word nie is een van die groot redes hoekom ons ook met die huidige probleem sukkel. Die direkte manier om die kwessie aan te spreek is om subsidies vir boere te gee wat met mielies boer. Subisidies wat strek tot na die verkoop van die plaas. Byvoorbeeld wanneer ‘n boer sy plaas verkoop dat hy vir ‘n tydperk die nuwe boer help om die streek se klimaat en bedreigings te verstaan en leer hoe om dit te oorkom.
So word boere gemotiveer om in die landbou sektor te bly en om ook die kennis wat die boer in sy tydperk as ’n boer opgedoen het, oor te dra.
3. Eskom
Eskom is ‘n Suid Afrikaanse elektrisiteitsverskaffer, Eskom het die monopolie wanneer daar gepraat word van elekrtisteitsverskaffing. Tog is ons bewus van die gevolge van swak beplanning deur die onderneming met die aankoms van beurtkrag in 2008. Eerstens gaan ek beskryf watter effek beurtkrag op die land het in die verskillende milieus en daarna die samevatting op die land en gemeenskap gegee word.
3.1 Mynbou
In die vroeë 2008 was globale platinum en palladium pryse getref, omdat myne gesluit was en daarna beperk was tot hulle elektrisiteit. Suid-Afrika verskaf 85% van die wêreld se platinum en 30% van die wêreld se palladium. Die gevolg van ‘n krisis soos beurtkrag wat vanaf Eskom kom, sal wees dat daar baie kilogram produksie verlore sal gaan.
In 2008 het die impak op mynbou ekonome nog steeds laat glo dat die GDP ramaties gaan daal. Hulle het ooreengekom op 4% met die voorbehoud dat die groei kan verminder word deur 20 basispunte elke maand onder sekere omstandighede.
3.2 Algemene maatskappy
Banke en telekommunikasie maatskappye het normaal voortgegaan as gevolg van hulle bestaande backup. Klein handelaars het ook aanvanklik groot verliese ondergaan oor produkte wat vrot of sleg geword het, maar in 2015 is ‘n kragopwekker ‘n noodsaaklikheid vir enige winkel.
Meer van toepsassing op die ekonomie is dat groot maatskappy wat internasionale beleggers het ook geaffekteer is, omdat die krisies geopenbaar moes word en dus onder die aandig gekom het van moontlike buitlandse beleggers.

3.3 Uitdaging 2 se oplossing
Om opwekkingsvermoë uit te brei sal 'n geraamde besteding van R300 miljard oor die volgende vyf jaar wees, met sowat 20 000 megawatt van bykomende kapasiteit aanlyn te wees teen 2025, tog is daar nie kort of lang termyn befondsing gekry nie. Op 11 Desember 2014 is aangekondig dat president Jacob Zuma, Adjunkpresident Cyril Ramaphosa opdrag gegee het om toesig te hou oor drie van die staatsbeheerde maatskappye, naamlik Eskom, die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens, en die Suid- Afrikaanse Poskantoor, wat almal in die knyp was. Die het egter te make met die bestuur van die maatskappy en nie hoe om dit ekonomies reg te kry nie.
Op 15 Januarie 2015 het uitvoerende hoof van Eskom Tshediso Matona erken dat Eskom se beleid oor "Hou die ligte aan" beteken het dat kragstasie se instandhouding verwaarloos sou weees vir jare, en dat Suid-Afrikaners sal moet gewoond raak aan kragonderbrekings vir die volgende vier tot vyf jaar. Verder sal Suid-Afrika moet kyk na die uitvoer van elektrisiteit dat dit meer inkomste verskaf of die take sal vir eers gestaak moet word, tot die huidige situasie weer tot normaal kan terugkeer.
Met die bogenoemde in ag geneem sal daar na die oplossing nie alleen op die swak bestuur kan focus nie, maar om alternatiewe te kry om Eskom meer ondersteuning te bied. Munisipaliteite wat Eskom ’n enorme bedrag skuld sal ingevorder moet word om net die kontantvloei instand te hou.
Om kapitaal weer in Eskom te stoot sal ’n moontlike kort termyn oplossing wees en dus nie die beste manier om die probleem in die langtermyn aan te spreek nie. Om die probleem op te los sal daar meer na water of wind of ander alternatiewe metodes gekyk moet word om te help krag op wek vir ons land. Beleggings sal gemaak moet word in meer ‘kragopwekker’-projekte. Port Elizabeth het ‘n groot stap gevat met die wind terminale en dit sal van belang wees om nog sulke moontlike projekte op die been te bring om te verseker dat die die druk op Eskom verlig word.
Net om die paragraaf af te sluit, wil ek dit wil duidelik maak dat dit vanaf ‘n ekonomiese aspek is en dat daar heel moontlik eers na die bestuur van die maatskappy gekyk moet word. Verder sal dit ook wys wees om persone van die buiteland te kry om te help met ontwikkelings soos met die wind terminale projekte en beleggings.

4. Zuma/ANC
4.1 Werkloosheid
In die paragraaf kan daar vele kwessies aangespreek word, maar daar gaan meer gefokus word op werkloosheid wat ook in die meeste gevalle aanleiding gee tot armoede. Prof. André Roux, direkteur van die Universiteit Stellenbosch se instituut van toekomsnavorsing, sê Suid-Afrika sal nog baie lank met ’n hoë werkloosheidsyfer sukkel. Die probleem is dat ’n tekort aan vaardige werkers en ’n groot ooraanbod van ongeskooldes bestaan.
Werkloosheid is een van die die grootste sosio-ekonomiese kwessies in ons land is en is ‘n groot taak vir enige regerende party nou, asook in die toekoms. Die werkloosheidsyfer het gestyg vanaf Jacob Zuma president geword het en statistieke Suid Afrika wys dat die werkloosheidsyfer gestyg het in die eerste kwartaal van 2014 tot by 25,2%. Verder kan die getal dan ook vergelyk word met die laaste kwartaal in 2013 wat 24,1% was, asook aan die begin van Zuma se termyn 23,2%. Dus kan ons sien dat die hoeveelheid mense wat werkloos is net styg wat ‘n groot probleem sal wees vir die huidige party wat aan bewind is van ons land.

Zuma het in sy 2009-verkiesingveldtog belowe dat sy regering in tien jaar vir vyf miljoen mense werk sou skep. Oor die laaste vyf jaar is net sowat 1,3 miljoen poste geskep, terwyl die arbeidsmag (mense van tussen 15 en 64 wat aktief werk soek) met sowat 1,8 miljoen mense toegeneem het. Werkskepping bly dus steeds ’n groot kwessie wat nie deur beraming sy teikens bereik het nie en wat ‘n leemte laat vir Suid-Afrikaanse burgers. Persone wat opgehou het om werk te soek het, het ook met 43% tot 2,36 miljoen toegeneem (hulle word nie by die werkloosheidsyfer ingesluit nie.)
4.2 Werknemers
Volgens die Grant Thorton International Business Report vir die eerste kwartaal van 2014 sê 36% van Suid-Afrikaanse ondernemings ’n gebrek aan vaardige werkers is ’n ernstige beperking op sake. Swak dienslewering raak 60% se sake teenoor 53% in die eerste kwartaal van 2012. In die eerste kwartaal het 122 000 poste verlore gegaan. Kamilla Kaplan, ’n ekonoom van Investec, sê seisoensfaktore, soos laer indiensneming in die konstruksiebedryf, het ’n rol gespeel.
Skerp afnames is in die sektore vir informele nie-landbou (110 000), private huishoudings (14 000) en die landbou (5 000) aangeteken. Die subsektore met die grootste werksverliese was vervoer (66 000), handel (38 000) en gemeenskaps- en maat¬skaplike dienste (42 000). Die mynbousektor, wat deur die langste platinumstaking in die land se geskiedenis getref is, het 2 000 poste verloor.Die subsektore wat die meeste werk geskep het, was vervaardiging (38 000), finansies (8 000) en nutsdienste (3 000).
4.3 Oplosing van uitdaging 3
Volgens Nedbank se ekonomiese eenheid sal werkloosheid waarskynlik op kort termyn hoog bly weens ’n swak plaas¬like vraag, stygende insetkoste, arbeidsdispute, aansienlike infrastruktuurbeperkinge en ander regulatoriese struikelblokke in sekere sleutelbedrywe.
4.3.1 Loonsubsidies
Loonsubsidies word in sekere lande gebruik as ’n middel om werksgeleenthede te skep. Dit kan egter ook in Suid-Afrika op die been gebring word vir sekere ondernemings soos byvoorbeeld wat ons tans het met maatskappye wat belastingsvoordele geniet wanneer hulle voldoen aan die vereistes van ‘n BEE-maatskappy. Dit is egter belangrik dat ’n loonsubsidie nie 'n algemene subsidie moet wees wat daarop gemik is om die algemene loonlas van die werkgewer te verlig nie.
Indien daar van die subsidies gebruik gemaak word, moet die aanwending daarvan marginaal wees. Dit beteken dus slegs vir werkers wat op die punt staan om weens personeelvermindering ontslaan te word, of vir nuwe toevoegings tot die werkgewer se arbeidsmark dus ’n inkrementele subsidie.
4.3.2 Noodskemas vir swak firmas en sektore
Die oplossing kan ook tuis gebring word onder die bogenoemde paragraaf, maar tog is dit belangrik om dit onder sy eie paragraaf kortliks te bespreek. Onkundige bestuurders of swak ekonomie laat menigde besighede vou en dan is werknemers sonder werk. Indien die regering moontlik mense kan kry om mense in die privaat sektor te help om hulle besigheid te bestuur sal dit ’n moontlike oplossing wees. Verder kan die staat ook die besigheid oorneem om vir homself dan ook geld te genereer, asook om die moontlike poste oop te hou.

5. Samevatting
Dit is moeilik om sosio-ekonomiese kwessies bo ander te plaas, maar die bogenoemde is meer deel van elke persoon se alledaagse gebeure. Die kwessie in paragraaf twee oor landbou is nie n alledaagse kwessie nie, maar ek glo dat dit ’n groter probleem kan raak en dat dit in die volgende paar jaar nog gaan verswak, indien ons nie die boere gaan bystaan nie. Die mielie prys het ’n groter invloed op die hele Suid-Afrika as wat die normale mens dink.
Eskom en die beurtkrag en talle ander probleme wat in koerante voorkom sal ’n groot kopseer wees vir al die persone betrokke wat insluit die verbruiker ook insluit. Uit ’n ekonomiese oogpunt sal dit help om die finansiële druk van die bestuurspersone af te haal deur alternatiewe kragbronne daar te stel.
Laastens is van die grootste en oudste kwessies na die apartheidsera die van werkloosheid. Die tyd vir politieke persone om werke te belowe om verkiesings te wen is verby. Die ANC as regerende party moet pro-aktief optree om maatskaapye te help wat soms tuimel in vandag se wisselvallige ekonomie en veranderinge in tegnologie.
Met die strategie wat in die verslag na vore kom, asook die regte mense wat dit uitvoer glo ek ons sal die kwessies kan verbeter en verder sal ons dan deur die kwessies te benut ook ander probleme kan laat verdwyn. Viva vir ’n beter ekonomiese Suid –Afrika.

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