...Seminar One Theories Comparison Essay Tammy J. Stratton Abnormal Psychology 311 Mike Taylor Baker Online Theories Comparison Essay The behavioral model is about the concept of learning. “The behavioral perspective is identified with the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1958), the, the discoverer of the conditioned reflex, and the American psychologist John B. Watson (1878–1958), the father of behaviorism”( Rathus, et al., 2006, p.52). Therefore, the way individuals learn can end up having a psychological problem. Individuals who are raised in a harsh, abused, or lack of praise for good behavior can manipulate a person’s behavior. The cognitive model describes the state an individual motion or behavior is in. Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis are the founding fathers for the cognitive model. An individual cognitive function is the process of knowing or perceiving in how an individual deals with information. The comparison between the behavioral and cognitive model are similar by the way of learning and how the information is processed. However, the behavioral model can be different depending on the way a person is raised. Therefore, a child raised in a loving environment, praised for good behavior can lead to have normal behavior and normal cognitive functions. In conclusion, the individual is able to process or perceive information better. The contrast is when a child raised in an abusive home, lack of praise and lack of loving parents, the child’s behavior...
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...The study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature * A theory founded upon the term “critique” (an analysis of written or oral discourse) * Literary Criticism is usually in the form of a critical essay (though book reviews may sometimes be considered literary criticism) The literary criticism is a concept, formed on the basis of critical analysis and primarily estimates the value and merit of literary works for the presence or quality of certain parameters of literary characteristics. Literary Analysis on the Basis of Literary Theory The literary theory is a boarder concept incorporating various strict senses and merits for the systematic study of the nature of literature and provides a complete set of methods for analyzing literature. * There are several "schools" of criticism which I will begin to examine Traditional Criticism The traditional criticism approach examines you examine how the author’s life, his/her biographical information, contemporary times and effect of his life circumstances on his inspiration and their reflection in his works.It Connects an author’s life events with the ideas presented in a text * Believes that authors use their own life experiences to craft texts—even if it is done unintentionally The excellence of the critical essay comes with the DEPTH of the connections The biographical literary critic believes that a work can best be understood by investigating the life of the person who wrote it. There is a difference between the biography...
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...Chapter 1 What is sociology? * Seeks to explain, describe, and predict human behavior * Not concerned with individual human beings * Concerned with human beings in reaction to other human beings * Puts emphasis on group behavior (two or more people) (small group/large groups) * Looks at group social interaction, social behavior an influence of social structures on people How old is sociology? 200 years Why did sociology (as social science develop)? Who was the founding father of sociology? Main contributions of Sociology Early Auguste compte: Founding father of sociology, coined the word sociology How is Sociology different from other social sciences? Emile Durkheim: influenced development of functionalism 4 types of suicide by Durkheim: Egoistic: Mentally ill, lonely, social outcast, depression Altruistic: Kamikaze pilots, suicide bombers, cult members, obligation to the group, Fatalistic: Inmates, elderly, terminally ill, hopelessness Anomic: Anyone who cant deal with chaos, such as stock market crash or 1929-Insecurity Anomie: When society’s norms are questions, much social change, Society is rapidly changing Institutions are weakened, family, religion. Gender norms are questioned; values and belief systems are questioned Theory of structural functionalism 1 If a structure exists in society its because its functional, the social structure exists because it works Social structures: anything...
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...in ways that are so different from adults. To understand ourselves fully, we must understand the process of development, the more-or-less predictable changes in behavior associated with increasing age. Both nature and nurture work together in development. Without getting some advice (nurture), a child can’t use a baseball glove correctly. But the child must be physically developed enough to use the glove (nature). You cannot effectively teach children to do much with a glove until age 4 or so, after considerable physical development has taken place (nature). We are creatures of complex combinations of both our nature and nurture (Lahey (2007) page 316, 317 para 1). It is very important to understand that it’s normal for child development to be highly variable, even when they are raised in typical conditions. This is true in two senses: a) There are differences between children in their development b) Children vary in the rate of their own development from one period to the next Parents must make important decisions about raising children that can have a major impact on their child’s emotional and intellectual development (Lahey (2007) page 320, para 6). What forces causes us to change as we pass through life? What factors determine whether we grow up to be baseball players or umpires, musicians or opticians? We will look at the factors that play key roles in the process of development (Lahey (2007) page 316, para 1). Sigmund Freud gave us a language for our dreams, our...
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...may start when one partner feels the need to control and dominate the other. Abusers may feel this need to control their partner because of low self-esteem, extreme jealousy, difficulties in regulating anger and other strong emotions, or when they feel inferior to the other partner in education and socioeconomic background. Some men with very traditional beliefs may think they have the right to control women, and that women aren’t equal to men. This domination then takes the form of emotional, physical or sexual abuse. Studies suggest that violent behavior often is caused by an interaction of situational and individual factors. That means that abusers learn violent behavior from their family, people in their community and other cultural influences as they grow up. They may have seen violence often or they may have been victims themselves. Children who witness or are the victims of violence may learn to believe that violence is a reasonable way to resolve conflict between people. Boys who learn that women are not to be valued or respected and who see violence directed against women are more likely to abuse women when they grow up. Girls who witness domestic violence in their families of origin are more likely to be victimized by their own husbands. Alcohol and other chemical substances may contribute to violent behavior. A drunk or high person will be less likely to control his or her violent impulses. The Basics of Domestic Violence To establish a foundation for understanding...
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...The movie Precious is based on a young girl who comes from a hostile and difficult environment; she has a complicated relationship with both her mother and her father. Even so, her personality seems to develop throughout the movie. This essay will apply Carl Rogers’ person-centered, humanistic approach to account for the development of Precious’ personality. Carl Rogers's personality theory postulated that given a nurturing environment, every individual has a tendency of actualizing themselves. He also looks at the individual’s interaction with others and how he or she is valued by them, as well as how they value themselves (Hergenhahn, 1994). There are key concepts that Rogers uses in his theory. This essay will explain these concepts and apply them to the movie “Precious”. As a humanistic psychologist, Carl Rogers agreed with Abraham Maslow’s main assumption, particularly the hierarchy of needs. However, he added that for growth and development and self-actualization to be possible, a person needs an environment which is conducive and has genuineness, acceptance, and empathy (Macleod, 2014). Rogers believed that "[t]he organism has one basic tendency and striving - to actualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism” (Rogers as cited in MacLeod, 2008). Essentially, Rogers argued that every person has the potential to self- actualize, given a nurturing environment. The self- actualizing tendency is Rogers’ master motive. Self-actualizing tendency Rogers maintains...
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...ESSAY COVER SHEET SS1112 Multicultural, Child and Adolescent Counselling Subject Coordinator: Mishelle Ryan STUDENT’S LAST NAME: TEO FIRST NAME (Preferred name): JASMINE ASSESSMENT TASK: PERSONAL POSITION ESSAY QUESTION: REFLECT ON ISSUES PERTAINING TO MULTICULTURAL COUNSELLING, SUCH AS RACE AND GENDER. HIGHLIGHT PERSONAL VALUES AND BELIEFS THAT MAY HAVE AN IMPACT ON THE COUNSELLING PROCESS. CLARIFY AND IDENTIFY YOUR BASIC CHARACTERISTICS, VALUES AND BELIEFS IN THESE ISSUES. TITLE: PERSONAL POSITION ESSAY WORD COUNT: 1213 TUTORIAL DAY & TIME: MONDAY 1500 – 1750 STUDY PERIOD/YEAR: SP51/2015 Personal Position Essay Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines Jasmine Teo James Cook University...
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...Organizational change is a process where organizations going through a transformation revising their mission, structure and strategy to maintain its competitive edge in the eternal market variation. (Moran & Brightman 2001). Organizational Change Management (OCM) are concluded as a framework for the change leader reacting against the force of change and manage the resist to change towards a success of the organizational effectiveness (Sirkin, Keenan & Jackson 2005) . Recent literature review shows that Globalizations(Stace & Dunphy 2001), economy (Hempel & Martinsons 2009) , cultural (Gail 2009), knowledge competency(Coghlan & Coughlan 2004), quality(Bissett 2004), Information technology and Managerial Innovation (Waddell at el 2011) are the major context as a force of change. The aim of this essay is to examine the organizational change literature from 2000 to 2012 especially on the change leader’s skills in OCM across the context and the supplementary skills that vague in the literature additionally extend the new ways of approaching the changes. Study in Stace and Dunphy (2001) research tells that growth in globalization (radical and transformational) leading to cultural changes (Incremental) and demands innovation thinking in total quality management with the aids of information technology and knowledge management. According to Stace and Dunphy (2001) too, the style of change Management(collaborative, consultative, directive or coercive) were collaborated with the...
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...December 2014 Domestic Violence in the Lives of Black Women in the U.S. This essay will explore the cause and impact of domestic violence in the lives of black women in the U.S. It will provide general information, such as the definition of domestic violence, statistics, and resources to help survivors leave domestic violence relationships. Following the review of the literature I identify areas which need further research. Since I can remember black women have been characterized as mean and argumentative, but also strong and self-sacrificing for their families. Black families on TV were always portrayed as single mother households. In my community there was also a reoccurring reality of domestic violence against women. This was is in direct contrast to stereotypes I heard about white women, who were portrayed as weak, frail and needing to be protected. Examples include June Cleaver on Leave it to Beaver and the Brady Bunch. But what justified the brutality of domestic violence against black women then and now? In 2011, black females were murdered at a rate more than two and a half times higher than white females: 2.61 per 100,000 versus 0.99 per 100,000. [1] In the U.S. domestic violence against black women has escalated. In 2010, Marissa Alexander an African American woman shot a warning shot at the wall in order to scare Rico Gray, her estranged, abusive husband. Marissa was a 29-year-old mother, who had just given birth to her youngest daughter...
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...Essay Luong A7-02 English Literature Division - HUFS Nguyen Hien Luong A7-02 Teacher: Nguyen Tuan Ky On the inspiring development of Jane Eyre’s character in the Charlotte Bronte’s novel of the same name Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre is a master work of 19th century English literature and a powerful symbol of the triumph of self will over circumstances. Jane Eyre overcame very trying — or should we say impossible — circumstances to obtain her personal freedom and self-determination at the end of the story. Her success is a powerful inspiration to millions of readers around the world. However, in my opinion, the most inspiring about the novel is not Jane’s success itself, but her character development, which served as the catalyst for this success. This essay aims to illustrate the uniqueness of Jane’s character development, and attempts to explain why this unique development took place. What makes Jane’s character development special and unique is the fact that this type of development is not at all typical for people who were physically or mentally abused (as Jane certainly was during much of her ten-year stay at her uncle’s house). As a matter of fact, these people often grow up carrying with them emotional wounds that can never be healed. As a result, they are more likely to develop difficult personalities and turn into rebellious and violent individuals who see life and other human beings with much hatred. A research (Cathy Spatz Widom, "The Cycle...
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...Kennesaw State University – Spring 2014 Department of Economics, Finance, and Quantitative Analysis ECON2200-Sec:W01 (CRN: 10999) - Principles of Macroeconomics Instructor: Murat Doral Office: BB456 Phone: 678-797-2656 KSU e-mail: mdoral@kennesaw.edu Office Hours MW 10:00am-12:30pm or by appointment. Required Textbook: Mankiw, Gregory N. Western/Cengage Learning, 2009. Principles of Economics, Fifth Edition, South- Course Description: Analysis of socioeconomic goals, money and credit systems, theories of national income, employment and economic growth. Course Prerequisites: ECON2100 and six (6) credit hours of MATH numbered 1101 or higher. Course Description: This course is an introduction to the formal study of macroeconomics. Macroeconomics involves the study of the economy as a whole. Topics that will be covered include national income determination, the general price level, interest rates, unemployment, and fiscal and monetary policies. The emphasis will be on genuine understanding of the material, and not on "memorization". (See last page of Syllabus for Course Learning Objectives.) Course Withdrawal Date and Policy: Last day to withdraw without academic penalty is Monday 03/03/2014. Students who wish to withdraw with a grade "W" must do so formally through the Registrar's Office on or before Monday 03/03/2014. Make-Up Exam Policy: No make-up exams will be administered during the semester. It is the student’s responsibility to check the course calendar and announcements...
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...Govt., Business, NGOs – Interface between them in the rise of globalization BUSINESS ETHICS PROJECT Govt., Business, NGOs – Interface between them in the rise of globalization BUSINESS ETHICS PROJECT Chand Ajmera, PGP/17/192 Ananya Jha, PGP/17/194 Shraddha Srikhande, PGP/17/240 Dinesh Kumar V, PGP/17/248 Chand Ajmera, PGP/17/192 Ananya Jha, PGP/17/194 Shraddha Srikhande, PGP/17/240 Dinesh Kumar V, PGP/17/248 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ROLE OF CSOS IN BUSINESS GOVERNMENT INTERFACE 3. LOBBYING - INTRODUCTION 4. ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF LOBBYING 5. EXAMPLES OF LOBBYING 6. ACTIONS BEING TAKEN TO CURB THE UNETHICAL ASPECT OF LOBBYING 7. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 1. INTRODUCTION The growth and function of every business is highly dependent on the government. A large number of government actions in addition to laws and regulations affect companies’ finances. There are several reasons behind regulation of business by the government. 1. Public safety and welfare: Many industries are regularly reviewed and overseen because their activities, if they go skewed, can have detrimental effects to human health, financial well-being, or community structure. [21] 2. Protecting industry: Many regulations are in place to protect those who have developed their business correctly; licensing, permits, and inspections by the government clear out criminal activities that challenge truthful industries. [21] 3. Revenue...
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...your studying for AQA A Psychology Psya3 and the Relationship topic is one of the ones you have chosen. Its a wise move I think as its one of the easier ones to learn. I generally advise picking something you can relate to because you have some grounding for it as opposed to learning whole new concepts or ways of thinking on subject matter thats completely foreign. It tends to save you time in getting your head around things. A bit about me - My name is Sajan Devshi and I self-taught myself AQA A A Level Psychology between 2011-2012 achieving an A* grade and 100% in both Psya3 & Psya4. You can check out my certificate on my website at http://www.loopa.co.uk as well as get my other model answers too for the other topics in Psya3 and Psya4. But enough about me - you can learn about me in more depth on my website - lets get on with the show and onto the the overview of this topic, structuring and the model answers themselves too. S ECTION 1 Memorising Your Model Answers This is going to be pretty much your hardest task and with the help of this book hopefully it becomes more manageable. People have various ways they memorise things and it is entirely up to you. Memorising Essays U SING A CRONYMS + P RACTICE The method of memorising the essays is the same across all my model essay answers. I employ the concept of “chunking” alongside the use of “acronyms”. Combined this helped me memorise all the essay answers for every possible question. If you haven’t...
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...Psychoanalysis of Hamlet’s Subconscious Psychoanalytic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet In the first half of the 20th century, when psychoanalysis was at the height of its influence, its concepts were applied to Hamlet, notably by Sigmund Freud, Ernest Jones, and Jacques Lacan, and these studies influenced theatrical productions. Freud suggested that an unconscious oedipal conflict caused Hamlet's hesitations. (Artist: Eugène Delacroix 1844). In his The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud's analysis starts from the premise that "the play is built up on Hamlet's hesitations over fulfilling the task of revenge that is assigned to him; but its text offers no reasons or motives for these hesitations".[83] After reviewing various literary theories, Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do".[84] Confronted with his repressed desires, Hamlet realises that "he himself is literally no better than the sinner whom he is to punish".[83] Freud suggests that Hamlet's apparent "distaste for sexuality"—articulated in his "nunnery" conversation with Ophelia—accords with this interpretation.[85][86] John Barrymore's long-running 1922 performance in New York was characterized as "revolutionary in its use of Freudian psychology; in keeping with the post World War I rebellion against everything...
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...Leadership and business performance Assignment of “a good leader influence a group of individuals to achieve a common goal and perform well, without having to watch over them” Word count: 2,927 Introduction Leadership is always considering as an important managerial topic because a good leader does not only able to guide behaviors from followers, but also leads individuals within an organization to achieve their common objectives (Morrill, 2010). The commonly accepted definition of leadership is contributed by David and Vince (2008, p2), who defined leadership as a person has “abilities of leading a group of people, and also has abilities of supporting group of people to achieve common objectives”. More specifically, Bass (1990) defines leadership as the ability to adapt the setting so everyone feels empowered to contribute creatively to solving the problems. The primary aim of this assignment is to critically discuss the topic of “a good leader influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal and perform well, without having to watch over them.” In order to answer this question well, the author selects Steve Jobs as the leader, and then with reference to Apple Inc to discuss why a good leader as Jobs influences group of individuals without watching them. As an essay based assignment, the author organizes this paper in three main parts, including introduction, main body and conclusion. In introduction section, the definition and importance of leadership...
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