...Chapter 1 Operations and Productivity 1. What is operations management? a. Production is the creation of goods and services. b. Operations Management (OM): Activities that relate to the creation of goods and services through the transformation of inputs to outputs. (For both tangible and intangible activities in an organization) 2. Organizing to Produce Goods and Services c. All organizations must perform three functions: i. Marketing: generates the demand, or at least takes the order for a product or service (nothing happens until there is a sale) ii. Production/operations: creates the product. iii. Finance/accounting: tracks how well the organization is doing, pays the bills, and collects money. 3. Why study OM? d. OM is one of the three major functions of any organization, and it is integrally related to all the other business functions. All organizations market, finance, and produce, and it is important to know how the OM activity functions. Therefore, we study how people organize themselves for productive enterprise. e. We study OM because we want to know how goods and services are produced. The production function is the segment of our society that creates the products and services we use. f. We study OM to understand what operations managers do. g. We study OM because it is such a closely part of an organization. A large percentage of the revenue of most firms is spent in the OM...
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...CHAPTER 1: OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY TRUE/FALSE 1. Some of the operations-related activities of Hard Rock Café include designing meals and analyzing them for ingredient cost and labor requirements. True (Global company profile, easy) 2. The production process at Hard Rock Café is limited to meal preparation and serving customers. False (Global company profile, easy) 3. All organizations, including service firms such as banks and hospitals, have a production function. True (What is operations management? moderate) 4. Operations management is the set of activities that create value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs. True (What is operations management? easy) 5. An example of a "hidden" production function is money transfers at banks. True (What is operations management? moderate) 6. One reason to study operations management is to learn how people organize themselves for productive enterprise. True (Why study OM, easy) 7. The operations manager performs the management activities of planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling of the OM function. True (What operations managers do, easy) 8. "How much inventory of this item should we have?" is within the critical decision area of managing quality. False (What operations managers do, easy) 9. In order to have a career in operations management, one must have a degree in statistics or quantitative methods. False (What operations managers do, easy)...
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...What affect has and what is the future of airline industry To begin with the purpose of the particular essay will intend to give an explanation about the Porter's five forces. However the discourse will focus on the sixth force and what affect has. The first part of the discussion will be analysed and supported by arguments about the meaning of Porter's five forces. Nevertheless examples for the five forces will mentioned in order to support and take thesis in the particular analysis. However examples about the sixth force will be mentioned in order to give the reader a satisfactory explanation and to make clear the effect that have in airline industry. Afterwards the essay will analyse the future of the airline industry. Finally a conclusion gives the reader a summarizing about the aspects discussed on the analysis. The Airline Industry has changed the people’s life. In addition it has drop the travel time and decrease the distances making possible to visit lands that cannot be imagined in the past. Michael Porter had created a model showing the influence on industry by five forces. This model help the managers to understand better the strategic forces that appear on industry and how they affect profitability. Five forces analyzing five key areas namely competitive rivalry, the threat of substitutes, the threat of entry, the power of buyers and the power of suppliers. Furthermore Porter referred to these forces as the micro-environment, to contrast it with the more general...
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...brics. >To achieve this, India needs to implement many changes. India needs to improve its governance, control inflation, introduce Credible fiscal policy, liberalize financial markets and increase trade With its neighbors. >It also needs to significantly raise its basic educational standards, And increase the quality and quantity of its universities. >India needs to boost agricultural productivity, improve its infrastructure And environmental quality. >Delivery of all these would ensure strong, persistent, medium to long-term Growth, allowing India to reach its amazing potential. In this project, we outline ten crucial steps that we believe India must take in order to achieve its full potential. In our latest brics analysis, India scores below the Other three BRIC nations, and is currently ranked 110 out of a set of 181 Countries. If India were able to undertake the necessary reforms, it could raise its growth potential by as much as 2.8% per annum, placing it in a very strong position to deliver the impressive growth. We highlight the ten key areas where reform is needed. In a way these are the covered ones, we consider them to be the most crucial: 1. Improve governance. Without better governance, delivery systems and effective implementation, India will find it difficult to educate its citizens, build its infrastructure, increase agricultural productivity and ensure that the fruits of economic growth are well established. 2. Raise educational...
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...PRODUCTIVITY IN THE NIGERIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY BY C. M. ANYANWU ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, RESEARCH DEPARTMENT, CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA. INTRODUCTION Prolonged economic recession occasioned by the collapse of the world oil market from the early 1980 and the attendant sharp fall in foreign exchange earnings have adversely affected economic growth and development in Nigeria. Other problems of the economy include excessive dependence on imports for both consumption and capital goods, dysfunctional social and economic infrastructure, unprecedented fall in capacity utilization rate in industry and neglect of the agricultural sector, among others. These have resulted in fallen incomes and devalued standards of living amongst Nigerians. Although the structural adjustment programme (SAP) was introduced in 1986 to address these problems, no notable improvement has taken place. From a middle income nation in the 1970s and early 1980s, Nigeria is today among the 30 poorest nations in the world. Puttingthecountrybackonthepathofrecoveryandgrowthwillrequireurgently rebuilding deteriorated infrastructure and making more goods and services available to the citizenry at affordable prices. This would imply a quantum leap in output of goods and services. The path to economic recovery and growth may require increasing production inputs - land, labour, capital and technology - and or increasing their productivity. Increasing productivity should be the focus because many other countries that have...
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...Offshoring of U.S. Service Sector Jobs Sheila Brown Busb 315 University of Texas Abstract Outsourcing is the agreement of diverse functions, such as data entry, programming, facilities management, disaster recovery, and telecommunications management, to outside providers of services. The main reason why organizations implement outsourcing is cost reduction, to leverage themselves ahead of their competitors, and as a means to increase their adaptability to changes in the business world. Outsourcing also provides the ability to benefit from the advances in information technology, while focusing on core business activities of the organization. Not only does outsourcing information technology functions enable increased concentrated efforts toward the organizational mission, but if skillfully planned and properly managed, contributes to healthy growth in the company’s fiscal bottom line. The implementation of offshoring has affected the competition and the expansion of the business service industry in an increasingly accessible and competitive global world. The effect of Outsourcing Within The Business Services Industry The business service industry has been impacted with intense pressures of reducing costs while also increasing new customers and introducing new products to create a center of attention to those customers. Lately, more companies are implementing offshoring strategies (i.e. outsourcing of operations to foreign countries) to cut costs. However...
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...Week 5 Midterm Exam PAD 530-005016: Public Personnel Management Define and discuss human resource, which is a vital part of the public personnel management system, indicating its significance, impact, and limitations with regard to its contribution to the American economy in particular and society, in general. The human resource department is among the most important departments in any corporation. Human Resources is defined as the department responsible for personnel sourcing and hiring, applicant tracking, skills development and tracking, benefits administration and compliance with associated government regulations. Human Resources has evolved over the past twenty years. It used to be that these workers stayed behind the scenes to ensure personnel records were in order and employee benefits were being properly administered, but the job stopped there. Today’s Human Resource department goes way beyond small administrative tasks. They handle everything from the full recruiting process to employee motivation to performance appraisal to security concerns and disaster preparation to union relations, to the collective bargaining process and grievance management. A person working in HR must also know how to deal with employee discipline and the termination process. It's up to them to make sure all employees are comfortable with their surroundings and working under acceptable, if not above average, conditions. The Human Resource department will continue to face limitations as...
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...Topic: Productivity in Service Sector BRAC University BRAC Business School Spring 2016 Course: Production Operations Management (MSC301) Section: 001 Instructor: Md. Tamzidul Islam Assistant Professor, BRAC Business School Group Members Name ID Tasnia Jebin 12204103 Navid Anjum Khan 13104192 Rifat Shahrukh 13104047 Mohammad Muqtadir Ullah 13104061 Sadia Kamal 12204102 Atik Ilman Hossain 13104205 Date: April 4th, 2016 Question: What is Productivity? How do we measure productivity in a service environment such as restaurant? What are the factors that affect productivity? How does one can improve it? Answer: Introduction Goods and services are the products which have a demand in the market and generate enough revenue to make profit. Goods are tangible products which we can use, consume or otherwise have in our life. For example, cars, batteries, tables and everything which can be easily quantified by units of length, weight, volume. However, services are somewhat different products which are more intangible in nature. These products are usually ones which are rendered by human labor but also have some goods aspect to it. For example, A Hospital has syringes, medicines, MRI machines and lots of other goods. And they also have nurses and doctors who use these goods to give the patients (consumers) satisfaction as a total product package of both goods and services. One useful characterization of services is those...
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...CHAPTER 1: OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY TRUE/FALSE 1. Some of the operations-related activities of Hard Rock Café include designing meals and analyzing them for ingredient cost and labor requirements. True (Global company profile, easy) 2. The production process at Hard Rock Café is limited to meal preparation and serving customers. False (Global company profile, easy) 3. All organizations, including service firms such as banks and hospitals, have a production function. True (What is operations management? moderate) 4. Operations management is the set of activities that create value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs. True (What is operations management? easy) 5. An example of a "hidden" production function is money transfers at banks. True (What is operations management? moderate) 6. One reason to study operations management is to learn how people organize themselves for productive enterprise. True (Why study OM, easy) 7. The operations manager performs the management activities of planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling of the OM function. True (What operations managers do, easy) 8. "How much inventory of this item should we have?" is within the critical decision area of managing quality. False (What operations managers do, easy) 9. In order to have a career in operations management, one must have a degree in statistics or quantitative methods. False (What operations...
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...Human Resource Management Table of Contents Abstract 3 CHAPTER ONE- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 4 1.1 Introduction: 4 1.1.2 Human resource 4 1.1.3 Employee Performance 5 1.2 Background of The Study 6 1.2.1 Retail sector in UK 6 1.2.2 Employees in retail sector 6 1.3 Purpose of the Study 7 1.3.1 Growth potential in UK retail 7 1.3.2 Business Strategy 8 CHAPTER TWO- LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF RELATED THEORIES 2.1 Significant Literatures and Arguments 10 2.1.1 Working condition and productivity 11 2.1.2 Future outlook of the organization 12 2.1.3 Role of supervisor 12 2.2 Relevant Theories of Human Resource 13 2.2.1 Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory 13 2.2.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors of job satisfaction 14 2.2.3 Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory 14 2.2.4 Expectancy Theory 15 2.2.5 Theory X and Theory Y 15 CHAPTER THREE- THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 17 3.1 Research background 17 3.1.1 Sample selection 17 3.1.2 Data collection 19 3.1.3 Qualitative research and quantitative research 20 3.1.4 Data structuring 20 3.2 Hypothesis testing 21 3.2.1 Hypotheses to Be Tested 21 3.3 Research Technicalities 22 3.3.1 Measurement of Variable 22 CHAPTER FOUR- PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS 23 4.1 Statistical Representation Of The Survey 23 4.1.1 Key Findings of the Survey 25 4.2 Qualitative Analysis of the Hypotheses 27 4.2.1 Hypothesis #1 27 4.2.2 Hypothesis #2 29 4.2.3 Hypothesis#3 31 CHAPTER...
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...July 2011 European growth and renewal: The path from crisis to recovery The McKinsey Global Institute The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), the business and economics research arm of McKinsey & Company, was established in 1990 to develop a deeper understanding of the evolving global economy. Our goal is to provide leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors with the facts and insights on which to base management and policy decisions. MGI research combines the disciplines of economics and management, employing the analytical tools of economics with the insights of business leaders. Our “micro-to-macro” methodology examines microeconomic industry trends to better understand the broad macroeconomic forces affecting business strategy and public policy. MGI’s in-depth reports have covered more than 20 countries and 30 industries. Current research focuses on four themes: productivity and growth; the evolution of global financial markets; the economic impact of technology and innovation; and urbanization. Recent reports have assessed job creation, resource productivity, cities of the future, and the impact of the Internet. MGI is led by three McKinsey & Company directors: Richard Dobbs, James Manyika, and Charles Roxburgh. Susan Lund serves as director of research. Project teams are led by a group of senior fellows and include consultants from McKinsey’s offices around the world. These teams draw on McKinsey’s global network of partners and industry...
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...2011 Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity The McKinsey Global Institute The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), established in 1990, is McKinsey & Company’s business and economics research arm. MGI’s mission is to help leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors develop a deeper understanding of the evolution of the global economy and to provide a fact base that contributes to decision making on critical management and policy issues. MGI research combines two disciplines: economics and management. Economists often have limited access to the practical problems facing senior managers, while senior managers often lack the time and incentive to look beyond their own industry to the larger issues of the global economy. By integrating these perspectives, MGI is able to gain insights into the microeconomic underpinnings of the long-term macroeconomic trends affecting business strategy and policy making. For nearly two decades, MGI has utilized this “micro-to-macro” approach in research covering more than 20 countries and 30 industry sectors. MGI’s current research agenda focuses on three broad areas: productivity, competitiveness, and growth; the evolution of global financial markets; and the economic impact of technology. Recent research has examined a program of reform to bolster growth and renewal in Europe and the United States through accelerated productivity growth; Africa’s economic potential; debt and deleveraging and the end...
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...market-based policy outcomes which encouraged the ‘right prices’ and didn’t hinder production and consumption decisions made by firms and households. However, despite wide-ranging reform deregulation would have modest benefits. I’ll elaborate in greater detail the policies implemented and the impact they had on Australia in the past three decades, later in the paper 2.2 Privatisation, Corporatisation and Competitive Regulation Privatisation involves the selling of public assets or enterprises to the private sector. This element of reform became increasingly prominent in the late 1980s to mid-1990s according to Stokes (1994, pp.243), when governments found it difficult to convince themselves that subsidizing inefficient public enterprises was sustainable. With potential private sector buyers and the need to improve the budget position, Hawke/Keating and Howard governments undertook this radical reform. Corporatisation encourages public enterprises to be like private sector entities, where costs were cut to maximise profits. This occurred in the mid to late 1990s with Telstra. Whilst, competitive regulation involved minimising the monopolising of large business in Australia and reducing barriers to competition, this occurred in the later decades with utility enterprises such as Energy Australia. These aspects will be explored in further detail later in the paper. 2.3 Limiting Government Intervention Burton, Dollery and Wallis (2001, pp. 3) highlight that economic rationalists’...
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...2011 Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity The McKinsey Global Institute The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), established in 1990, is McKinsey & Company’s business and economics research arm. MGI’s mission is to help leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors develop a deeper understanding of the evolution of the global economy and to provide a fact base that contributes to decision making on critical management and policy issues. MGI research combines two disciplines: economics and management. Economists often have limited access to the practical problems facing senior managers, while senior managers often lack the time and incentive to look beyond their own industry to the larger issues of the global economy. By integrating these perspectives, MGI is able to gain insights into the microeconomic underpinnings of the long-term macroeconomic trends affecting business strategy and policy making. For nearly two decades, MGI has utilized this “micro-to-macro” approach in research covering more than 20 countries and 30 industry sectors. MGI’s current research agenda focuses on three broad areas: productivity, competitiveness, and growth; the evolution of global financial markets; and the economic impact of technology. Recent research has examined a program of reform to bolster growth and renewal in Europe and the United States through accelerated productivity growth; Africa’s economic potential; debt and deleveraging and the end...
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...1 National Employment Policy and Strategy of Ethiopia November 2009 Addis Ababa ii Acronyms AIDS ART CETU CSA EEF EPRDF ERP FDI GDP HERQA HICES HIV ICT IHDP IMF M&E MDG MFI MOFED MSE NEC NEPS NES NGO PASDEP PSNP TVET UEAP Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome Anti-retroviral Therapy Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions Central Statistical Agency Ethiopian Employers’ Federation Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front Economic Reform Program Foreign Direct Investment Gross Domestic Product Higher Education Relevance and Quality Agency Household Income and Consumption Expenditure Survey Human Immunodeficiency Virus Information and Communication Technology Integrated Housing Development Program International Monetary Fund Monitoring and Evaluation Millennium Development Goals Micro-finance Institutions Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Micro and Small Enterprises National Employment Council National Employment Policy and Strategy National Employment Secretariat Non-governmental Organization Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable Development to End Poverty Productive Safety Net Program Technical and Vocational Education and Training Universal Electricity Access Program iii Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................ iv PART ONE Background ......................................................................................................
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