Programming Final
1. The case structure lets the value of a variable or an expression determine which path of execution the program will take. It’s a multiple alternative decision structure that allows you to test the value of a variable or an expression and then use that value to determin which statement to execute.
2. The AND operator takes two Boolean expressions as operands and creates a compound Boolean expression that is true only when both expressions are true. True AND True = True
3. The OR operator takes two Boolean expressions as operands and creates a compound Boolean expression that is true when either of the sub expressions is true. True OR False = True
4. The NOT operator is a unary operator that takes a Boolean expression as its operand an reverses its logical value. The Not operator reverses the truth of its operand. If it is applied to an expression that is true the operator returns false. If it is applied to an expression that is false it returns True. Not true = False, Not false = True
5. Flow chart 6. And, Or , Not
7. And, Or, Not 8. And, OR, Not
9. > greater than, < less than, >= greater than or equal to, <= less than or equal to, == equal to, != not equal to
10. Case structure has a diamond at the top and branches down into different parallelograms.
11. A repetition structure causes a statement or set of statements to execute repeatedly.
12. A condition-controlled loop uses a true/false condition to control the number of times that it repeats, a count-controlled loop repeats a specific number of times. Both the While and Do-While loops cause a statement or set of statements to repeat as long as the condition is true. The Do-Until loop causes a statement or set of statements to repeat until a condition is true.
13. #12
14. A sentinel is a special value that marks the end of a list of values. Lets a loop know it can terminate.
15. A count-controlled loop iterates a specific number of times. A for-loop is a specifically designed as a count-controlled loop.
16. While-loop (how many times will u loop) trick question
17. While-loop “ “ “ “ trick question
18. While-loop “ “ “ “
19. Count-controlled loops are commonly used in programs. For example suppose a business is open six days a week and you are going to write a program that calculates the total sales for the week. You will need a loop that iterates exactly six times. Each time the loop iterates, it will prompt the user to enter the sales for one day.
20. pseudocode
21. The Do-while loop is a posttest. This means it performs an iteration before testing its condition. happens at the end.
22. pseudocode
23. loop-structure, which repeats as long as the Boolean expression is false. Do-until loop
24. The amount by which the counter variable is incremented in a for-loop is known as the step amount. Default is 1
25. What type of loop. for-loop ?
26. A while-loop is a pretest, which means it test its condition before performing an iteration. The Do-while is a posttest.
27. Using a counter variable the loop performs the following three actions; initialization, test, and increment.
28. While-loop, How many times
29. For-loop, how many times.
30. For-loop, how many times.
31. An optional parameter list appears inside a set of parentheses. If the function doesnot accept arguments, then an empty set of parentheses will appear. Function header
32. In a function flow chart the starting terminal symbol usually shows the name of the function, along with any parameters that the function has. The ending terminal symbol reads RERTURN, followed by a value or expression.
33. If a function returns a integer, the word Integer will appear, if it returns a real number the word Real will appear, and if it returns a string the word String will appear. It returns when it is called
34. The value that is returned must be the same data type that is in the header.
35. “ “ “ “
36. Input validation is part of the practice of defense programming. Empty input happens when an input operation attempts to read data, but there is no data to read. (pushing enter without putting in a value)
37. Defensive programming is the practice of anticipating errors that can happen while a program is running.
38. An input validation loop is called a error trap.
39. In Data type mismatches the first step is to read the input as a string, 2nd is determine whether the string can be converted, and 3rd is convert or send an error message and start over.
40. Boolean expression with an AND in it both expressions have to be true.
41. “writing data to” is the process of saving data to a file.
42. “reading data from” is the process of retrieving data from a file. input file is used to describe a file that data is read from.
43. Output file is used to describe a file that data is written to, because the program stores output in it.
44. Process the file is the step data is either written to or read from the file.
45. A textfile contains data that has been enclosed as text.
46. A sequential access file you access data from the beginning of the file to the end of the file.
47. A Direct access file or random access file you can jump right to any piece of data in a file.
48. Filename extensions are short sequences of character that appear at the end of a filename and is preceded by a period.
49. An oval is a flow chart sysmbol that opens and closes a flowchart.
50. Append mode is being able to put data at the bottom of a file.