...HOUSEHOLD WASTES - CASE STUDY OF ALIMOSHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT (IYANA IPAJA AND ENVIRONS) LAGOS STATE BY ANWULI JOY NWOSU MATRIC NO: 030802060 In Partial Fulfillment for the Award of Master in Environmental Management (MEM) OCTOBER, 2014 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research project on Preparedness of Household waste sorting around Iyana Ipaja and its environs as a case study was done by Joy………… in the department of Chemistry under the supervision of my Project Supervisor. ……………………………………… ……………………………… Prject Supervisor Date ……………………………….. ……………………………………. (HOD, Chemistry Department, Unilag) Date DEDICATION AKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT This study examines the overview and the concepts of household waste sorting – waste prevention, collection, recycling and reuse, followed by household analysis using empirical data. The analysis shows the average mean weight composition of household waste sortingat source ranges from 0.50kg to 0.63kg paper, 2.21kg to 3.29kg putrescibles, 0.85kg to 1.41kg glass, 0.52kg to 0.68 plastic and 0.89kg to 1.20kg cans. The average percentage composition of wastes ranges from 10% paper to 45% putrescibles. From the analysis, there is a low level of household awareness about the preparedness of household waste sorting at source, and hence low level of participation in household waste sorting, disposal and recycling. The study also concludes the need for strengthening the relationship of proper waste management framework...
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...methods available for the disposal of waste materials. Determine which method of waste management you would recommend for the proper disposal of your selected waste materials. Be sure to provide an explanation for your recommendation. When discussing the proper disposal of any waste material the purpose would be to achieve immediate reduction of waste in our landfills, waterways and air. Incinerators are used to burn waste materials primarily for waste destruction/treatment purposes; however, some energy or material recovery can occur. When performed properly, incineration destroys the toxic organic constituents in hazardous waste and reduces the volume of the waste.” (www.epa.gov). “BIFs are typically used to burn hazardous waste for the significant energy and material recovery potential, with waste treatment being a secondary benefit. Boilers typically combust waste for energy recovery, while industrial furnaces burn waste for both energy and material recovery”. (www.epa.gov).” Recycling is almost always the best way to get rid of waste, even when it is exported abroad, according to the biggest ever report on the industry for the UK government.”(www.guarden.co.uk). After doing a lot of reading and research I have better educated myself about how we handle waste now and how we can stop destroying the earth and improve it. I believe that the best method for disposal of waste materials is recycling. By recycling solid waste, hazardous waste, we reduce the amount that is in our...
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...MARKETING ISSUES • WASTE REDUCTION • AIR POLLUTION • ENERGY CONSERVATION WASTE REDUCTION ANABEEB as a manufacturing firm has no clear or well-defined procedures or system to reduce or eliminate a considerably high volume of waste. It had been observed that the management itself is not well-aware of the losses incurred due to this kind of wastage in terms of spilled raw materials and recyclable materials that end-up in the municipality waste drums and into the garbage dump. RECOMMENDATIONS: • REDUCTION OF SPILLED RAW MATERIALS The reduction of spilled-raw materials could be attained by the following; 1. Proper training and orientation of raw material handling staff from both the stores and production sections (i.e. forklift operators, compounding & mixing plant operators). 2. Introduction of a well defined raw material spillage recovery procedures. 3. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the spillage recovery procedures and possible update to improved it. 4. Proper raw material handling by production staff in the extrusion section particularly during production termination or shutdown stages. 5. Proper handling of scrap generated to avoid contaminations during machine start-up or machine shutdown. Contaminated material must not be disposed directly to garbage drums but be segregated for recycling for other uses. • PROPER WASTE MANAGEMENT 1. Creation of a “Waste Management Committee”...
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...interrelationships which exist among these, or any of them e.g. waste. Two kinds of definitions are operative for waste. One is conceptual and the other descriptive (Savasi, 1977) and defines waste by listing the kinds of materials comprising it. In the conceptual sense, wastes are defined as useless, unwanted or discarded materials. However, to a modern environmentalist, waste are just materials which are discarded because, they ‘seem’ to have no further economic use ignoring the irrelevant issue of usefulness, value or desirability of the waste. In the descriptive definition, waste consists of discarded materials resulting from domestic, community activities, industrial, commercial and agricultural operations. 1.1 TYPES OF WASTE Agricultural waste, Biomedical waste, Business waste, Chemical waste, Consumable waste, Domestic waste, Industrial waste, Inorganic waste, Medical waste, Organic waste, Recyclable waste Toxic waste, etc. Population explosion, uncontrolled urbanization and rapid industrialization have caused high waste generation quantities and rates in a country, (NEST 1991) waste generation increases not only because people multiply and hence the space available to each person becomes smaller, but also because the demand per person are continually increasing, so that each person throws away more waste year by year. If the world’s population were evenly distributed over the earth surface, most of these wastes could probably remain unnoticed and perhaps harmless...
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...And when they had eaten their fill, he told his disciples, “Gather up the leftover fragments, that nothing may be lost.” - John 6:12 Electronic waste, or e-waste, is high-tech trash that includes cast-off televisions, computer monitors, keyboards, mice, processors (CPUs), printers, scanners, fax machines, pocket computers (PDAs), walkie-talkies, baby monitors, certain kinds of watches, and cell phones—in other words, anything digital that’s no longer being used. Added together, this information-age detritus makes up the fastest growing category of waste in the U.S. and the more complex the circuitry, the more complicated the equipment’s disposal, since electronics contain toxic substances such as mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium, and beryllium that pose a hazard to both humans and the environment. VIEW POINT There are a lot of view points for the case “E-waste”. They are as follows: * In 1997, in one of the few studies of food waste, the Department of Agriculture estimated that two years before, 96.4 billion pounds of the 356 billion pounds of edible food in the United States was never eaten. * In England, a recent study revealed that Britons toss away a third of the food they purchase, including more than four million whole apples, 1.2 million sausages and 2.8 million tomatoes. * A recent study in Sweden found out that families with small children threw out about a quarter of the food...
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...University-Bacoor City Campus Soldiers Hills 4,Molino, Bacoor, Cavite “Electronic Waste Issues And Measures in the Philippines” Submitted by: Martin John Regalado Stephen Arcenal BSHRM 1-1 Submitted to: Ms. Carol Tamayo Introduction: As technology evolves, we don’t know what happened to the old technology like cell phones, appliances or machines. Instead, we keep our attentions to the newly developed technology and the old ones become Electronic Waste or E-waste for short. E-waste is a defective or obsolete devices or appliances, which means useless or cannot be used anymore. These E-wastes are often kept at home, improperly disposed to dumpsites, or exported to developing countries. Organizations such as European Union have recognized the scope of the e-waste problem and have instituted a system of extended producer responsibility (EPR) to address it. One method developed at Carnegie Mellon University by Matthews et al. is based on sales data, which were used to estimate the current and future quantity of computers that will be reused, recycled, stored, and land filled in the United States. While in the Philippines Republic Act No. 9003, with the short title Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, was signed into law in January 2001. RA 9003 sets guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including recycling, reuse, and recovery before collection...
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...invention of the computer and has seen the invention of communicative devices such as advanced computers, cellular phones, smart televisions, satellite dishes, radios, digital communications, microchips, tablets, I pads, just to mention but a few. These devises are vital in the creation of information as well as its transmission to millions of audiences all over the world. A single event such as a football match is transmitted to millions of fans in all the continents in real time, also giving fans a chance to interact and analyze the event, thanks to social media. Storage of information has become easy with this revolution, because these devices are equipped with a memory hence a user has the option of retrieving it whenever need arises. Management of information is also facilitated because these devices have the capability of sorting, tabulating and presenting information in a more simplified manner. Therefore, this revolution has the ability to shape all aspects of human life, whether social, economic or political. It can also be said to be the ground for industrial and economic growth, since it facilitates interactions of the buyer and the seller without having to travel to source for goods, otherwise known as online purchasing. It has also facilitated new means of interaction. Information revolution has occurred in a rapid way, hence little...
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...What is recycling? 3 | Table Of contents | 3 | What is recycling? | 3 | Origins | 3,4 | Supply | 4,5 | Waste recycling in Abu Dhabi | 5 | Sorting waste | 5 | Workplace Recycling Programs | 6 | Public Recycling Venues | 6 | Government Initiatives | 7 | Distribution of Waste Bins for Villas | 7 | Underground Waste System | 7 | Tariff System for Business Establishmentsh | 8 | Conclusion | 8 | References | What is recycling? Recycling is a process using materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from land filling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to plastic production. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy. Origins Recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, with recorded advocates as far back as Plato in 400 BC. During periods when resources were scarce, archaeological studies of ancient waste dumps show less household waste (such as ash, broken tools and pottery)—implying more waste was being recycled in the absence of new material. Supply For a recycling program to work, having a large, stable supply of recyclable material is crucial. Three legislative options have been used to create...
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.................... 5 Production and Consumption as Social Processes Generating Waste ..................................... 6 Economic Instruments for EMS .................................................................................................. 10 Strategy ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Conclusions and Recommendations .......................................................................................... 19 References ................................................................................................................................. 20 Prepared by: Dr. Michael Witter Economist Economic Incentives for Implementing Environmental Management Systems in Jamaica 1 Economic Incentives for Implementing Environmental Management Systems in Jamaica 2 INTRODUCTION The Jamaican economy at the dawn of the twenty-first (21st) century is a very open extensively liberalized marketplace in which Jamaican enterprises are being outcompeted by imported goods and services and by foreign owned businesses established here. Historically, the incentive system, essentially, the structure of prices, favoured environmentally unfriendly activity. Subsidized chemicals for farming, no user charges for the environment and public recreation facilities, poor waste management systems and practices and low fines for unenforced...
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...Egypt is home to the largest Middle Eastern population and is also the home of a large young population. With this significant young and skilled labor workforce, and high GDP growth potential, Egypt appears to have substantial opportunities for businesses. But with current political revolution and the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak, how will Egypt’s economy be affected, and how should businesses respond? What industries and businesses are best to invest in? Section 1: Business Opportunities Although Egypt has a stable currency, low external debt, and a stable banking sector, the political instability and corruption from the past has hurt the current Egyptian economy. According to the Associated Press, “About 40 percent of Egypt's population of 80 million people lives on or below the World Bank's 2 dollars per day poverty benchmark. Corruption is rife and Egyptians have accused Mubarak's business friends and fellow power brokers of robbing the country blind for years through the privatization process, sweetheart business deals, cut-rate prices for state lands and other kickbacks that came with the trappings of power (What the Future Holds for the Egyptian Economy). Certain industries, in particular tourism, have been beaten by the affects of protests as foreigners fled the country. But, with Mubarak’s resignation, “businesses and consumers” should be convinced “that the turmoil of the past few years is over and that it is once again safe to invest, spend, hire and...
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...Household Waste Composting & MSW Recycling in Sri Lanka H.S.Premachandra Assistant Director Central Environmental Authority Sri Lanka premch@cea.lk Asia 3R Conference Tokyo 29 Oct to 01 Nov 2006 Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Introduction Total collection of MSW by local authorities in Sri Lanka is around 2900 tones/day Around 60% [1663 tones] collected in the Western Province[ 9 provinces in Sri Lanka] Around 43% [1257 tones] collected in Colombo District Around 25% [ 700 tones] collected within Colombo Municipal limits, the most urbanized area Legal responsibility of MSW management is with Local Authorities [There are 311 Local Authorities] No proper management of MSW except few cases where compost and biogas produced In most of cases MSW being dumped haphazard manner creating several negative environmental impacts Different Ranges of Daily MSW Collection[tones/day]2005 Ranges[tones/day] Up to 1 1-2 2-5 5-10 10-20 20-50 50-100 100-150 >150 Number of Local Authorities 111 48 76 26 23 19 5 2 1 Total Number of Local Authorities 111 Average Composition of MSW of Sri Lanka Item Biodegradable[short term] Paper Wooden Saw dust/paddy husk & cloth/garments waste Biodegradable[long term] Polythene & plastic Demolition wastes Metals Slaughter house wastes Glass Other Percentage 56.57 6.47 6.35 6.04 5.94 5.91 3.89 2.76 2.34 2.03 1.68 Total 100 National Strategy of Solid Waste Management Prioritize waste avoidance over recycling...
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...INTRODUCTION 1.1 General For the sustainable development of the society it is very important to judiciously handle the environmental issues like the solid waste management. In order to manage the solid waste effectively we need to understand the composition and all the activities that follow once the waste is generated. Basically the composition and the characteristics of the waste depends a whole lot of factors and also vary periodically. Different approaches can be employed for the management of the solid waste, depending upon the factors such as the varying composition and quantity. The management of solid waste becomes further more necessary with the increasing pollution due to the solid waste and the out coming consequences...
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...J Mater Cycles Waste Manag (2005) 7:1–7 DOI 10.1007/s10163-004-0119-9 © Springer-Verlag 2005 SPECIAL FEATURE: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Material Cycles and Waste Management is Asia (2) Chun-Chao Lin · Chun-hsu Lin What substances or objects should be recycled? The recycling legislative experience in Taiwan Received: October 1, 2004 / Accepted: October 10, 2004 Abstract The legislative framework of waste management in Taiwan has never been efficient, mainly due to unclear definitions and regulations. In 2002, this system was split into two parts by enacting a new law, the Resource Recycling and Re-use Act (RRRA). However, it then became more complicated and recycling effectiveness was impeded. The causes were mainly the unclear definitions, conflicts about the scope, and issues between the RRRA and the Waste Disposal Act (WDA). This article examines the recycling legislation experience in Taiwan, and proposes two modifications for resolving these problems. The first proposal is merging these two acts into one. The second proposed modification maintains a two-system structure but introduces a new subject, “discards,” into the law. The subject of discards is further categorized as “recyclable resources” or “waste,” which correspond to “recycling operations” and “disposal operations,” respectively. The new structures, interfaces, prerequisites, properties, and comparisons are also explained. Key words Waste · Recyclable resources · Discards · Definition Introduction Finding...
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...store societies waste. Our globe only has a set amount of available space to set aside for the disposal of our waste. Since this is the case, it is not only our government’s problem but the problem of all human beings. In collaboration with our legislature, citizens can help in the safe and proper disposal of trash. Lynn Landers nailed the problem on the head when he said, “It's as if Detroit built cars, but the government wouldn't build any roads or pass any traffic laws. That's the current state of waste management in the United States - no federal infrastructure and no federal standards. No wonder recycling can't "compete" with waste disposal.” Without a governmental program enacted nation wide, our country will eventually suffer from the pollutants and toxins being released from landfills. Our nation’s policy on waste management is the “free market” at its worst. According to Landers, recycling efforts face three large problems in the US: no effective federal plan, foreign waste imports and domestic waste exports, and over-population. In our country right now, no plan is in effect to help benefit society by recycling. In 1976 congress passed the Solid Waste Disposal Act, but with no state support and no action from the EPA the plan died off. According to Biocycle Magazine, the US has imported nearly 48 million tons more than it has exported since 1997. With that trend, in 30 years we will have accumulated 144 million tons of waste from outside of...
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...Waste Management- A Man-Environment Linkage ABSTRACT The paper discovers the conceptual relationship between the modern day waste and the management systems incorporated there in to control and take necessary measures. It discovers the Man – Environment relation in handling waste and related matters and establishes a causative relation between them throughout the ages in knowing the reasons. It highlights the rediscovery of the importance of this linkage and places the relationship in proper perspective with a long term focus in mind. Authors: 1. P.M. Prasad Assistant Professor, Oil and Gas Deptt Email add: pmprasad@ddn.upes.ac.in Contact Number: 8449520968 2. Dr. S.K.Pokhriyal Professor and Head of Deptt, Oil and Gas and Energy Trading Email add: spokhriyal@ddn.upes.ac.in Contact Number: 9997033383 Waste Management- A Man-Environment Linkage ‘ Waste’ is generally used to define any liquid or solid residue from site refinery operations, other than a petroleum product, for which there is economically no viable outlet and therefore needs to be managed via recycling , treatment of disposal. It therefore symbolizes the helplessness or the limitations of the technology at the hands of mankind to fully exploit the resource processing. This is understood that there exists an end point down the operational line. What is left to be judged is whether or how efficient has been the process in treating the products and what better...
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