...TEACHER: MISS MUGANAMBUGA STUDENT: Levi Blaides TITLE: Investigating the properties of ionic and covalent substances INTRODUCTION: Certain characteristics such as solubility polar and non-polar solvents, melting point and conduction of electricity can be used to distinguish between ionic and covalent substances. AIM: To determine whether a substances is ionic or covalent in nature by observing its melting point, solubility and conductivity. APPARATUS/MATERIALS SODIUM CHLORIDE, SUCROSE, NAPTHALENE, COPPER (II) OXIDE, CALCIUM AND COPPER (II) SULPHATE ,6 TEST TUBES ,6 SPATULAS ,TEST TUBE HOLDER ,BUNSEN BURNER ,2 (100CM3) BEAKERS ,LOW VOLTAGE BATTERY ,CONNECTING WIRES ,ELECTRODES ,CURRENT DETECTING DEVICES METHOD: Two spatulas of naphthalene were placed in two test tubes heated for about one minute , gently at first then strongly until no further change occurred. Procedure was repeated and characteristics were record and it was stated whether the substances were: A) DOES NOT MELT AT THE TEMPERATURE OF THE BURNER. B) MELTS WITHOUT DECOMPOSITION WHEN GREATLY HEATED C) MELTS WITHOUT DECOMPOSITION WHEN STRONGLY HEATED D) DECOMPOSES WHEN HEATED. SOLUBILITY: Two beakers were filled, one with 50ml of ethanol and the other with 50 ml of distilled water. Two cups of distilled water were added and two spatulas of naphthalene and stir. Observations were recorded by stating if the substance was: * IS-INSOLUBLE * SS-SOLUBLE * MS-MODERATELY SOLUBLE ...
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...The Economic Substance of Accounting Treatment of Property, Plant and Equipment Related IASs and Faithful Representation April 03, 2010 Introduction Theoretical principles of conceptual framework help determine which events should take place and when. They aid professionals with development of new standards and principles. The users of financial statements of public companies depend on the faithful representation of the entity’s financial statements. The financial statements must be adjusted on a regular basis to reflect economic substance of their information, as the users need these amounts to faithfully represent the account balances as an indicator of a company’s future earning power. As IFRS is introduced into Canadian practice in 2001, companies will be required to focus on which methods will emphasize economic substance with the changes in accounting policies. In the following discussion, we will focus one aspect of the conceptual framework around IFRS, in particular, economic substance, as it relates to the application of IFRS in reporting Property Plant and Equipment (PPE.) Recognition of PPE to Reflect Economic Substance Changes to the recognition of property, plant, and equipment Among the most significant changes are the options of accounting policy regarding the ongoing valuation of an asset on a class by class basis. Under GAAP, the cost model was the only choice; IFRS provides two options, the cost model or the revaluation model. These options are...
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...Mechanical properties of PS injected parts under surface-active substances Journal: Manuscript ID: Division or Special Interest Group: Presentation Preference: Paper Type: Date Submitted by the Author: Complete List of Authors: Page 1 of 5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PS INJECTED PARTS UNDER SURFACEACTIVE SUBSTANCES (1) The main objective of this work was to develop the influence of surface-active substances in the mechanical properties of injected plastic parts in presence of cracks, a tension test and a constant load. The material used was Polystyrene and the surface-active substances were olive oil and corporal sweat. This study was conducted because it was observed that the surface-active substances affects the mechanical properties of the resin as well as the presence of cracks, and actually is not reported any methodology for conducting this study. Experimental Part For this study, there were injected 110.5*85.5*1 mm plates in a REED-Prentice 100 TE (Clamp Force = 100 ton) injection machine with an injection mold with two similar cavities, but with a different located entrance. The used material was a Polystyrene PS-2820 from Estirenos del Zulia (Table 1). In table 2 are showed the used optimal process conditions. Notches were mechanized in each plate with a saw. The normalized tensile test specimens were cut with a milling machine. It was used a Galdabini 2500 universal test machine to make mechanical tests, and a Starrett Sigma VB300 stereoscopic magnifying...
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...Chapter 2 — Properties of Matter Explore the BIG Idea: Matter has properties that can be changed by physical and chemical processes. Chapter 2 Diagnostic Test — Multiple Choice, limited distractors 2.0 Explore — Float or Sink? Section 2.1 -- Matter has observable properties. By the end of Section 2.1 the student should… Describe physical and chemical properties. Give examples of physical changes. Explain that chemical changes form new substances. Observe signs of chemical change in an experiment. 2.1 Section Investigation — What are some signs of a chemical change? Internet Investigation — IPPEX: Volume and Density Chapter 2 Additional Investigation: Chapter 2 Math Support & Practice: Measuring Density Solving Proportions 2.1 Reading Study Guide A 2.1 Quiz — True/False Section 2.2 -- Changes of state are physical changes. By the end of Section 2.2 the student should… Describe how liquids can become solids, and solids can become liquids. Explain how liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids. Determine how energy is related to changes of state. Chapter 2 Investigation — Freezing Point 2.2 Reading Study Guide A 2.2 Quiz — Completion Section 2.3 -- Properties are used to identify substances. By the end of Section 2.3 the student should… Describe how properties can help you identify substances. Explain how properties of substances can be used to separate substances. Design an experiment to separate a mixture. 2.3 Explore — How can properties help you identify...
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...Chapter 5: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space. The particle theory of matter is a theory that describes the composition and behavior. Matter can be many up of many different particles or only one. A pure substance is a type of matter that consists of only one type of particle. Then there are mixtures that are made up of at least two different types of particles. There are two different types of mixtures; mechanical mixtures and solutions. A mechanical mixture is a mixture in which the substances in it are distinguishable from each other, either with the unaided eye or a microscope. A solution looks like a pure substance but it contains more than one type of particle. Alloys are when two or more metals are mixed together. A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition of that substance. A qualitative physical property is not measured and includes hardness, malleability and electrical conductivity. Quantitative physical properties are measured and include temperature, height and mass. A physical change is a change is which the composition of the substance remains unaltered and no new substances are produced Examples of physical change are a change of size or shape, a change of state, and dissolving. A chemical property is a property of a substance that describes its ability to undergo changes to its composition to produce one or more new substances. A chemical; change is a...
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...Meditation VI: The Conceivability and Divisibility Arguments The Argument Introduced The Conceivability Argument occurs in Meditation VI. It is Descartes’ most celebrated argument. It was criticised in its day and has been ever since. The argument purports to establish that minds are non-physical substances and hence that a mind is not identical to any bit of the body, such as the brain. A person is a special unity of two substances: physical substance (the body) and mental substance (the mind). Only humans are such special unities. Animals have bodies but lack minds and angels have minds but lack bodies. Here’s the passage: First, I know that everything which I clearly and distinctly understand is capable of being created by God so as to correspond exactly with my understanding of it. Hence the fact that I can clearly and distinctly understand one thing apart from another is enough to make me certain that the two things are distinct, since they are capable of being separated, at least by God. The question of what kind of power is required to bring about such a separation does not affect the judgment that they are distinct. Thus, simply by knowing that I exist and seeing at the same time that absolutely nothing belongs to my nature or essence except that I am a thinking thing, I can infer correctly that my essence consists solely in the fact that I am a thinking thing. It is true that I may have (or, to anticipate, that I certainly have) a body that is very...
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...differences. | | | Microscopic view of a gas. | Microscopic view of a liquid. | Microscopic view of a solid. | Note that: * Particles in a: * gas are well separated with no regular arrangement. * liquid are close together with no regular arrangement. * solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern. * Particles in a: * gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds. * liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other. * solid vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place. Liquids and solids are often referred to as condensed phases because the particles are very close together. The following table summarizes properties of gases, liquids, and solids and identifies the microscopic behavior responsible for each property. Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and the Microscopic Explanation for the Behavior | gas | liquid | solid | assumes the shape and volume of its container particles can move past one another | assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies particles can move/slide past one another | retains a fixed volume and shape rigid - particles locked into place | compressible lots of free space between particles | not easily compressible little free space between particles | not easily compressible little free space between particles | flows easily particles can move past one another | flows easily particles can move/slide past one another...
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...will also discuss the issue of method in arriving at answers to our metaphysical questions. Tasks Review and take notes of the presentation, “Metaphysical Terminology.”-Deals with reality - has 2 aspects to it: events and things or (time and space) -things: 3 attributes; properties, substance and an essence * Know the 4 characteristics of properties.- other words for properties: as qualities or characteristics; definition: this is an attribute or a quality a thing is said to possess, it’s a characteristic about that particular thing, (color, texture, size, shape) (adjectives) * 1) Properties are universals- they can be in more than one thing at a time. * 2) Properties are immutable and eternal- they do not change over time. * 3) Properties inhere in things- they are “had” by or are “in” things (they have to exist in things) * 4) Properties do not have causal powers- they cannot cause any things or event to occur. Two kinds: Accidental properties- properties which a particular thing may or may not possess; they are not essential to what the thing is. (ex. “human” Color, height, weight, personality) Essential properties- properties which a particular thing must possess; they are necessary to what the thing is. (ex. “human” Rational, emotional, & willful capacities) * Know the 4 characteristics of...
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...those responsible for the release of hazardous substances and degradation of the environment and natural resources. Throughout the years, the act has been revised by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) and the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownsfields Revitalization Act of 2002 . The act has four basic elements that authorizes federal agencies to respond and act accordingly to hazardous waste disposals. The first element of the act establishes a system of recording and information gathering to enable state and federal governments to categorize disposal sites while developing a priority system for response actions. The second element authorizes federal authorities to respond to hazardous substance emergencies and to clean up leaking sites. The third element creates the Hazardous Substances Trust Fund to help pay for the removal and clean up actions. The fourth element of the act imposes liability on persons who are responsible for the release of the hazardous substance. This includes cleanup and restitution costs, not recovery for personal injury or damage to property . It is this fourth element of the act that this paper will focus on when deciding the fairness of CERCLA to hold current owners of the property liable for response costs when they did not own the property at the time of hazardous waste disposal....
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...histogram, if the boiling point of a substance is a characteristic property and to determine if the time it takes to boil affects the boiling point. To conduct this experiment, the group must be sure to add a few boiling chips to their substances before heating to dispense heat and ensure even heating. Also, the group should use a burner stand for gentle heating of the substance. During this investigation, it was determined that when graphed, the groups with smaller amounts of the same substance have a steeper slope at first, but both amounts of the substances would eventually have a plateau at the same temperature. The bigger the amount of the substance is, the longer it will take...
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...In each part of the investigation, identify the type of change that took place and support it with evidence from your observation table. Test A: A chemical change occurred. I know this because bubbles formed when the two substances mixed. I also know this because a gas was formed, and an indicator of a chemical change is when a new substance forms. Test B: A chemical change occurred. I know this because there was both a production of light, and a production of heat. Also, the change that occurred is irreversible. Test C: A chemical change occurred. I know this because the mixture was opaque, while the copper was translucent before mixing. I also know this because small bubbles formed when the substances were mixed. This is also an irreversible...
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...1: Matter and Energy Spring 2013 Topics 2 Chapter 1 Topics Matter and its Classification Physical and Chemical Changes and Properties of Matter Energy and Energy Changes (skip) Scientific Inquiry Chapter 1 Math Toolboxes Scientific Notation (exponential notation) Significant Figures Units and Conversions Chem 100 Spring 2014 Classification of Matter Chemistry is a branch of physical science, concerned with the study of the composition, properties and behavior of matter. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Forms of energy are NOT matter. Heat and light, for example, do not occupy space and have no mass. Consider the different forms of matter and energy in this picture. 3 Chem 100 Spring 2014 Classification of Matter We classify matter so that we can understand it better. One way to classify matter is as pure substances or mixtures. 4 Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Chem 100 Spring 2014 Classification of Matter – Pure Substances Pure Substances: have the same composition throughout, and from sample to sample. can be further classified as either elements or compounds. 5 Pure Substances Elements Compounds Chem 100 Spring 2014 Pure Substances - Elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances even by a chemical reaction. 6 Chem 100 Spring 2014 Elements and their Symbols Element symbols often consist of one or two letters...
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... Section: 1BSCE-1 ; CHM 111 (MW 7:00-8:30 am) Research Activity No.3 ------------------------------------------------- MATTER and ENERGY MATTER and ENERGY 1. Matter and Energy 2.1 Physical and Chemical Changes 1.8 Temperature 2.2 Classification of Matter 1.9 What is Thermometer? 2.3 Mixtures & Pure Substances 1.10 Heat and Thermodynamics 2.4 Matter and its Phases 1.11 Energy Mass Relationship 2.5 Properties of Matter 1.12 Personal Reaction 2.6 ENERGY 2.7 Heat Energy 2. Matter and Energy 3.8 Physical and Chemical Changes 1.8 Temperature 3.9 Classification of Matter 1.9 What is Thermometer? 3.10 Mixtures & Pure Substances 1.10 Heat and Thermodynamics 3.11 Matter and its Phases 1.11 Energy Mass Relationship 3.12 Properties of Matter 1.12 Personal Reaction 3.13 ENERGY 3.14 Heat Energy Matter and Energy Matter and Energy 1. Matter & Energy Anything that we can see, touch or sense is made up of matter. The computer screen, the keyboard in front of you, the air that you breathe, the water that you drink are all examples of matter. Matter is anything...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION: MATTER AND MEASUREMENT The Study of Chemistry Chemistry: • is the study of properties of materials and changes that they undergo. • can be applied to all aspects of life. The Atomic and Molecular Perspective of Chemistry Chemistry involves the study of the properties and the behavior of matter. Matter: • is the physical material of the universe. • has mass. • occupies space. Examples of matter: ~100 elements constitute all matter. A property is any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types of matter. Elements: • are made up of unique atoms, the building blocks of matter. • approximately 116 elements. • names of the elements are derived from a wide variety of sources. Molecules: • are combinations of atoms held together in specific shapes. • Macroscopic (observable) propertied of matter relate to submicroscopic realms of atoms • Properties relate to composition (types of atoms present) and structure (arrangement of atoms present. [pic] • Combinations of atoms held together in specific shapes CH3CH2OH HOCH2CH2OH Ethyl alcohol ethylene glycol Why study Chemistry? We study chemistry because: • It has a considerable impact on society (health care, food, clothing, conservation of natural resources, environmental issues...
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...Different substances are made up of different particles * 3. Particle are always in constant random motion * 4. Particles of a substance move faster as the temperature increases * 5. Particles attract each other 2. Changing state from solid to liquid to gas: * form a solid when the forces are strong enough to form a rigid shape * they gain energy when heated and begin to move faster, when they can no longer hold each other, this forms the liquid state * if they are continued to be heated the particles literally fly apart 3. The difference between pure substances and mixtures: * pure substance: contains only one type of particle * element: a pure substance that can not be broken down into a simpler chemical substance by any physical or chemical means * compound: a pure substance composed of 2 or more different elements that are chemically joined * mixture: contains 2 or more types of particles * mechanical mixture: a mixture in which you can distinguish between different types of matter * solution: a uniform mixture of 2 or more substances 4. Difference between quantitative and qualitative properties: * quantitative property: a property of a substance that is measured and has a numerical value, such as temperature, heat and mass * qualitative property: a property of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical value such as colour, odour and texture 5. Physical properties vs. chemical properties: ...
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