...Analyzing Property Crimes in the United States GM 533 Applied Managerial Statistics April 15, 2010 To: Mr. Livingston Date: April 15, 2010 Subject: Analysis of Property Crimes Per your request, we have analyzed the content of Case #49: Property Crimes. There are many preconceived ideas about Property Crimes. Property Crimes do not involve force, but the taking of property or money and is considered to some to be a “high-volume” crime. Property crime would include the taking of jewelry, money, electronics, motor vehicles, cash, and other high priced items. We were given the task of analyzing the data and answering the following questions: 1. Are crime rates higher in urban than rural areas? 2. Does unemployment or education level contribute to property crime rates? 3. Does public assistance contribute to property crime rates? The results are as follows: Data: We are allowed access to a data set containing the following information: 1. Crimes: Property crime rate per hundred thousand inhabitants. The crimes include burglary, larceny, theft, and motor vehicle theft. The calculations for the crimes are noted as the number of property crimes divided by the total population (100,000). 2. P-income: P-income is the per capita income for each state (All 50 states are included in this data set). 3. Dropout: This shows the high school dropout rate. 4. Precipitation: This shows the average precipitation in inches in the major city in each state. 5. Public Aid: This...
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...report that researches the national property crime rates and victimization trends, but before I get started; I would like to provide you the definition of what Citrus County Sheriff Offices definition of a property crime. Property crimes in Citrus County are one out of the many commonly charged convicted offenses throughout the United States of America. This is largely due to citizens in every city, state or town are shoplifting and maybe spray painting walls which is known as graffiti isn’t a serious offense, but us American take pride in our property and we will do what’s necessary to protect it, but a property crimes in Florida, let alone Citrus County sound exactly like they are; crime that has to do with property that has some worth to it. • The common characteristics of all property crimes. -...
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...Shoplifting is a very big problem in America. Shoplifting affects more than the offender. It overburdens the police and the courts, adds to a store's security expenses, costs consumers more for goods, costs communities lost dollars in sales taxes and hurts children and families. Not all shoplifters are the same, there are two distinct types. There are also many ways to help prevent shoplifting. The consumer is affected in a few different ways because of shoplifting. For the consumer who shoplifts, which is usually a teenager or senior citizen, the law affects them. No shoplifter will never get caught even though that is what most believe. As shoplifters steal for longer periods of time, and their shoplifting progresses as they start to steal bigger and more expensive items more frequently. As time goes they start to become involved with car shopping, stealing cars, and breaking in to houses. Shoplifting has consequences, which vary from getting your parents called all the way to large amounts of jail time. Even people who accompany shoplifters are in danger; for being with a shoplifter is almost as bad as shoplifting. That is why it is important to stay away from people who are shoplifting. If it is your friend who is shoplifting the best is to try to get him to stop. You could do this by telling him not to, reminding him of the consequences, and maybe even threatening to tell authority if has to come to that. If someone ever asks you to steal you should know the answer is no...
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...MAT 152 Final Exam 100% Correct Answers http://homeworkfy.com/downloads/mat-152-final-exam-100-correct-answers/ To Get this Tutorial Copy & Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) Common Final Exam, SP2015 Name: _______________ Show all necessary work! Answers without work may not receive any partial credit. Round all decimal answers to one decimal place unless otherwise instructed. 1. Solve the following equations. There is one of each type we studied this semester. Show all necessary work. a. 2 ( 6 ) 푥 = 1296 b. 푥 2 − 6 푥 < 7 c. 3 푥 3 − 4 푥 2 − 12 푥 + 16 = 0 d. | 푥 − 1 2 | = 3 e. √ 3 푥 2 + 4 − 2 푥 = 0 f. 푙표푔 4 64 = 푥 g . 푙표푔 2 푥 + 푙표푔 2 ( 푥 − 6 ) = 4 Page 2 of 7 Applications!! J 2. A company has determined that its profit for a product can be described by a linear function. The profit from the production and sale of 150 units is $455 and the profit from 250 units is $895. 1. Find the rate of change of profit for this product when between 150 and 250 units are sold. 1. Write the equation of the profit function for this product here. c. Use the profit function equation to predict the profit from the Sale of 280 units. d. How many units have to be sold for the break – even point for this product? 3. Solve the system of equations using a matrix. { 2 푥 + ...
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...MACROECONOMIC EVILS ON PROPERTY AND VIOLENT CRIMES IN MALAYSIA Chor Foon Tang♣ University of Malaya ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of macroeconomic evils – unemployment and inflation on different categories of crime rates – property and violent crimes in Malaysia via the multivariate Johansen-Juselius and Granger causality techniques. This study used annual data from 1970 to 2006. Johansen-Juselius cointegration tests revealed that property and violent crimes are cointegrated with unemployment and inflation. Furthermore, the empirical evidence exhibit that unemployment and inflation are the driving factors for crimes in Malaysia. Therefore, supply-side economy may be an ideal choice of policy to reduce crime rates in Malaysia. Keywords: Crime, Inflation, Unemployment, Malaysia 1. INTRODUCTION Recent deliberation on whether “Malaysia is a safe haven for travel and investment?” was frequently asked by the international tourists and foreign investors owing to the increasing trend of crime rates in Malaysia. From the visual inspection in Figure 1, both property and violent crime rates in Malaysia has increased quite significantly between 1970 and 2006. Over a decade from 1970 to 1980, both property and violent crime rates in Malaysia increased more than two folds. The property crime rate increased drastically from 25 thousand cases in 1970 to 66 thousand cases in 1980. In the similar vein, violent crime rates increased from...
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...Overview: This paper presents statistics on major factors that affects the property crime rates in the U.S. Abstract: The property crime rates of 45.7% occurs more in urban areas. About 16.8% of the crimes were committed by high school dropouts and only 0.4% of the crimes that occurs were related to the population density. The type of property crimes that happens includes larceny-theft, home burglary, home invasion, grand theft auto, forgery, and arson. These types of crimes may be caused by factors such as high school dropouts, the population density per square mile, and people living in urban areas. The paper will focus on the crimes against properties such as larceny-theft, home burglary, and grand theft auto, not a person. Crimes of property happen more often than other crimes. Larceny is a type of theft when someone takes something that does not belong to them. Home burglary is breaking into a private resident with the intent of stealing something. Grand theft auto is an act of stealing a motor vehicle. Are the property crime rates higher in urban areas? Does the level of education have any effect on the percentage of crimes that are happening? How about the percentage of people living in a population per square mile? All of these factors may play an important role with the number of crimes that are happening today. Method: Louis J. Moritz, an Operations Manager, collected data from a variety of U.S. government sources. He provided a sample data set of...
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...Factors that Affect Property Crime Rates I have analyzed the data of the factors that affect property crime rates in the United States. Here are my results. Data The data provided included; crime rate per hundred thousand inhabitants (which included burglary, larceny, theft, and motor vehicle theft), pincome- per capita income for each state, dropout- high school drop-out rate, precip- average precipitation in inches in the major city in each state over 1951-1980, pubaid- percentage of public aid recipients, density- population/total square miles, kids- public aid for families with children (dollars per family), unemploy- percentage of unemployed workers, urban- percentage of the residents living in urban areas. This data was provided by U.S. government sources: “the 1988 Uniform Crime Reports, Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Office of Research and Statistics, Social Security Administration, the Commerce Department, Bureau of Economic Analysis, the National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce and Geography Division, the Labor Department, Bureau of Labor Statistics, the National Climatic Data Center, U.S. Department of Commerce” (Bowerman, O’Connell, Orris, and Murphree). I have used a multiple regression analysis to answer the following questions: 1. What are the primary determinants of property crimes in the United States? 2. What would you like to know about property crime rates that cannot...
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...Property Crimes Case Study # 49 Applied Managerial Statistics: GM533 Virginia Davis, Lauren Holder, Stanley Philip and Andrea Watson Executive Summary The Property Crimes study examined data provided by various U.S. government agencies on crime rates in the fifty U.S. states. Other data studied were eight possible contributing factors such as per capita income, high school dropout rate, average precipitation, population density, and urbanization. Analysis revealed, of the eight possible contributing factors, three of those variables (urbanization rate, high school dropout rate and population density) affected property crime rates. Of the given data, the model accounted for approximately 66% of the contributing factors associated with property crimes. Statistically, the data is generally considered to be strong, however, to account for the remaining 34% of factors contributing to property crime rates in the U.S., further data and evaluation of other possible factors would be necessary. Introduction Property crime, as defined by the U.S. Department of Justice (2011), is the taking of money or property without force or threat to victims and is inclusive of the following offenses: burglary; automotive theft, larceny and arson. An exception to the rule is arson, although it does not involve the taking of property, it does use force against victims. Additionally, crime is defined as an act of violence that is carried out by one or more individuals and can be toward another...
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...During the 1980s there was rash of property crimes in the United States. Business executives and community leaders was taken at back. They chose to look for and find these determinants of property crimes and figure out how to remedy those issues. The task at hand was to provide evidence for or against common perceptions about property crime. Prove if crime rates are higher in urban areas or rural areas. Whether unemployment or education levels contributed to property crime rates, as well as public assistance? Lastly establish what other possible factors relate to property crimes? PCRIMES data was used to prepare a report on the characteristics of and determinants of property crimes in the United States. PCRIMES Property crime rate per hundred thousand inhabitants (property crimes include burglary, larceny, theft and motor vehicle theft); calculated as number of property crimes committed divided by total population/100,000 PINCOME Per capita income for each state DROPOUT High School Dropout rate (%, 1987) PRECIP Average precipitation in inches in the major city in each state over 1951- 1980 PUBAID Percentage of public aid recipients (1987) DENSITY Population/total square miles KIDS Public aid or families with children, dollars per family UNEMPLOY Percentage of unemployed workers URBAN Percentage of the residents living in urban areas STATE 50 States of America The task required that it show the association between crime and the different variables; such...
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...UnempoyPolicies designed to increase jobs in inner city areas can have a direct, positive effect on crime rates. A new study of crime across the United States shows that crime rates rise and fall with unemployment. But this truth is obscured by other factors. A Discussion Paper published for the Centre for Economic Policy Research by two economists, Steven Raphael of the University of California at San Diego and Rudolf Winter-Ebmer of the University of Linz, finds support for the view held by most people that when men are out of a job they are more likely to steal because the risks seem more worthwhile. The writers find a significant positive, but also quantitatively large, impact of unemployment on several crime categories. Much research up to now has concluded that violent crime, as opposed to burglary and theft, is pro-cyclical, or higher in good times. This aggregate picture can arise if other crime-driving influences are disregarded. One prime candidate is alcohol consumption, which is higher in good times, but on the other hand is a hefty determinant of all sorts of crime rates. And there are other ‘omitted variables’ that have to be taken into account when analyzing overall crime figures. One is the interaction between crime and joblessness, for the former can also cause the latter. This is a result of what the authors call the ‘scarring effects effect of incarceration or a greater reluctance among the criminally initiated to accept legitimate employment…’ When the...
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...Crimes against Property Andy Berg Professor Lisa Armonda, J.D. CRJ 105 Crime and Criminal Behavior 21 February 2012 Introduction The phrase "white-collar crime" was coined in 1939 during a speech given by Edwin Sutherland to the American Sociological Society. Sutherland defined the term as "crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Sutherland). Although there has been some debate as to what qualifies as a white-collar crime, the term today generally encompasses a variety of nonviolent crimes usually committed in commercial situations for financial gain. Many white-collar crimes are especially difficult to prosecute because the perpetrators use sophisticated means to conceal their activities through a series of complex transactions. I researched and found an article on a type of white-collar crime. This is the story of a Minnesota resident named Denny Hecker. The case has finally come to an end. Hecker was sentenced to a prison term of 10 years for two counts of fraud and one count of conspiracy. He is the former owner of an auto empire with Chrysler in Minnesota with 26 locations and also owned car rental businesses including Advantage Rent-A-Car. Hecker was basically in a big hole and trying to get out of it. He was hiding assets from the bankruptcy court and was also altering loan documents that ultimately defrauded clients, Chrysler Financial and other lenders out of more than $80 million in loans and...
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...Case 49 Property Crimes Andrea K. Wallace GM533 Professor Beintema Keller Graduate School of Management October 16, 2011 Executive Summary After examining the eight variables that attribute to property crimes, the three variables that effect crime are density, dropout and urban. When density increases by 1%, this would cause a decrease in crime rate. When the dropout rate increases by 1%, this would cause an increase in property crimes. When urban area crimes increase by 1%, the property crime rate increases. The more crowded the urban areas are, the more property crimes will be committed. Introduction Crime is an act of violence that is carried out by an individual or multiple individuals. A crime can be toward another person or property of a person or company. Property Crimes often occurs when someone tries to steal something that is not the property of their own and in other scenarios, the destruction of someone else’s property also. There are many different types of property crimes. Burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, larceny & arson are few that can fall under that category. This research is going to examine the cause of property crime based on the income, dropout, precipitation, public aid recipients, density, kids, unemployment, urban area, and state. The information that was provided was given by variety of United States government sources. ANALYSIS AND METHOD: Minitab was used to analyze the given data and test the various facts. Crime is chosen for...
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...Intellectual property rights provide the foundation for building and extending markets for new technology. Economists and policymakers are progressively realizing that to manage and encourage technological progress, there is a need of a framework of legal institutions that promotes its benefits but also limits its excess. The paramount difficulty of companies and individuals engaging in development of new technology of any kind is appropriating the fruits of their labor. In developed market economies, in spite of the presence of substantial intellectual property rights, the widespread imitation of intellectual property deems them imperfect and inadequate. Lax enforcement of domestic laws and regulations, and the absence of international treaties concerning the protection of international property rights further aggravate the problem. The framework and implementation of intellectual property rights shapes the success of major industries ranging from computer software, biotechnology to entertainment as it determines how they can market their products. Intellectual property is expensive to create but easy to reproduce. The fixed cost of producing intellectual property is high, but its marginal cost is low. For example, the research and development of a drug can cost billions of dollars, but its reproduction can easily be done at low costs. Lack of protection gives rise to free riding on the innovator’s production and kills the innovator’s incentive to produce more. Registering...
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...RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPIC: Rising inflation in Pakistan: Causes and Remedies SUBMITTED BY: NAILA ERUM NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD Rising inflation in Pakistan: Causes and Remedies Introduction Pakistan is currently facing unprecedented high Inflation. High inflation is contributing to increase in vulnerability and fall in real income of lower, middle and fixed income segments of the society. It is increasing uncertainty about future scenario of the business environment and instability of the financial system, erosion of business and investors’ confidence, slowing down of real economic activities, investment, economic growth and employment. Inflation is known as a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, there is a decline in the real value of money and purchasing power. Inflation is an indicator of a country’s macro economic stability and provides important insight on the state of the economy and the sound macroeconomic policies that govern it. A stable inflation not only gives a nurturing environment for economic growth, but also uplifts the poor and fixed income citizens who are the most vulnerable in society. A numerous supply side and demand side factors could be responsible for this surge in inflation. Inflation can be a result of shocks to the supply of certain food items and to world...
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...What Causes Crime? Crime has existed in societies across the world since the term crime has been implemented. The standard definition of crime, if one can use the term standard, is any action that is prohibited, prosecuted, and punished by criminal law. Therefore, crime cannot exist without some form of legal system to label criminal behavior. The mandatory existence of a legal system for criminal behavior to occur can be easily confused with actions that violate socially constructed norms, or deviant behaviors. It is with that premise that I propose crime is caused by a conflict of interest. This conflict of interest is not limited to the interactions between classes, groups, or individuals; the conflict of interest is intentionally vague so as to not cause further damage to criminological understanding by imposing misleading specificities. Crime is a conflict of interest between two or more variables, with at least one variable involving one or more humans. I propose crime is a conflict of interest because the term interest can encompass the two key aspects of profit and loss that is the rational basis for creating legal systems. However, as so many have noted, illegality is at the end of the day typically decided by those who create the laws rather than those most affected by the laws. Conflicts occur when there lacks a unanimous consensus among all parties considered in a given situation. When countries consist of millions of people, one can note how even the most...
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