...Civil Rights Project Final CTU CJUS 201-4 May 14, 2013 Abstract This paper discusses the scenario provided by CJUS 201-4 dealing with the discussion of civil rights and how this is reflected by a situation such as real life decisions and the consequences regarding the civil rights of the individuals involved in a possible crime of robbery. The paper will discuss the factors to consider when determining if civil rights have been violated, if there was sufficient cause for officers to stake out the store, reward of damages to victim, racial profiling, and citizen review boards. In addition, this paper will discuss the recommendation for types of oversight systems, when you would reach out to an oversight system, the pros and cons of these systems and legal issues that may arise for an oversight system. Phase 4: Civil Rights Project Part One In 1957 The Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice was created after the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. This division works to uphold all the constitutional and civil rights of the citizens of the United States, especially those Americans, which are the most at risk members in society. This division enforces all federal statutes barring discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, familial status and national origin (Civil Rights Division, 2013). According to US Legal (2013) civil rights are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, which includes the 13th and 14th Amendments. These...
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...On September 11th, 2001, nineteen ruthless al-Qaeda terrorists bypassed airport security and hijacked two airplanes that were headed from the east coast to California, but instead they were flown into the World Trade Center creating the day that citizens of the United States will never forget. Back in 1693, Philadelphia had granted police the legal authority to halt and question any man of color caught wandering the streets. This type of act is called racial profiling, which refers to a practice where law enforcement personnel or people of legal authority to discriminately target those for crimes based on ethnicity, religion and race. Racial profiling should be accepted as law enforcement practice. Racial profiling is a necessary factor in contributing to the means of preventing terrorism. There is nothing wrong with using this method as a tool in catching those that threaten the lives of others. In the September 11th tragedy, nineteen group members from al-Qaeda bypassed airport security and crashed multiple planes into the World Trade Center...
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...Arizona Immigration Law: Pros Cons Mathew Hogsed With immigration becoming and ongoing problem with no clear sign of relief several states are beginning to pass new laws in order to slow down illegal immigration. Take Arizona for instance, their law gives them the right to suspend or terminate business licenses to those people hiring illegals and even illegal to simply apply for a job inside the United States. The bill will make it illegal to provide transportation to someone whom you know is residing illegally. It will also require all immigrants to carry registration papers with them at all times. Illegal aliens make up over 25% of federal prisons populations. In certain areas of the nation illegals are responsible for 12% of the felonies, 25% of burglaries and 34% of thefts. With this being said there are 22 other states that are deliberating on instituting legislations similar to that of Arizona’s in an attempt to stop illegal immigration. Crimes are not the sole problem we face with the immigrants; the US holds a vast market for Mexico’s narcotic’s trade. One of the biggest debates that come with Arizona’s new law is racial profiling. This law allows law enforcement officers to detain suspects under reasonable suspicion of being an illegal alien and transfer custody to the ICE. This bill also allows for officers to check people’s immigration status if they are stopped for any other reason. The debates begin with it is not possible by simply looking at someone...
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...3.) Describe the current distribution of power within the United States with regards to civil rights and race. What are the pros and cons of this distribution? Secondly, describe other social events from United States history that show a shift or change in the distribution of economic and/or political power during American history. Introduction Firstly, I will describe the current distribution of power in the United States. I will then weigh the pros and cons of the current distribution. After that, I will describe several events which shifted the power distribution. I will first describe events that disadvantaged black people. I will then talk about events that gave black people more power. Lastly, I will talk about events that shifted power to or away from other minorities besides black people. Current Distribution of Power The current distribution of power within the United States is that white people still have the most power and privilege, although the government has not been as blatantly racist as it has been in the past. The reason that white people have the most power is because in general, they have more money than minorities. In a capitalist society like the United States, whoever has the most money has the most power. White people have benefited...
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...Business Research Ethics RES/ 351 April 14, 2014 Business Research Ethics A Huntington Beach couple has sued the city, police department and two police officers claiming officers entered home without a warrant (Shadia, 2012). The unethical research in this case could have been viewed differently by either side of the parties. A breakdown of this case scenario involves a married couple and two police officers. The homeowner had return from an evening out with friends. The officers received a call of loud party and erratic driving. Well when the officer showed, they asked to speak to the owner of the car; since their car was the one reported. There are two sides of the story about the officers approached. The unethical behavior that is being research is inappropriate touching and resisting arrest of both homeowners. The injured parties of this issue are both parties. The homeowners felt that they wrongly accused and the inappropriate behavior is being question. In my opinion, I feel that police officers are also injured parties since it is their jobs and position are held accountable for the allege acts of them performing their duty. How has the unethical behavior affected the organization, the individual, and society? These affect the police organization in not professional way. One way is that it makes them look guilty that all charges were drop against the homeowners. The way, today’s society looks at an issue such as that is admission of guilt. Any time a party...
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...Adopting Arizona’s Immigration Law in All states Does politics have the upper hand on humanity in Arizona's immigration law SB-1070. This law should be abolished because it is racist, unfair and degrading to legal and illegal Latino immigrants? Immigration has always presented a problem for America and we now find ourselves faced with the issue on a large political scale. On July 29, 2010, the United States of America listened in as Arizona State put into effect their own immigration law. With the backing of Michigan, Alabama, Florida, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina Arizona has set the presence for illegal immigrants to face the law. The new law “directs officers to question people about their immigration status during the enforcement of other laws such as traffic stops, and if there's a reasonable suspicion they're in the U.S. illegally they will be deported”. “Arizona’s illegal alien population is 460,000 and according to a 2008 study by the Federation for American Immigration Reform, Georgia illegal alien population is 490,000”. (Inger Eberhart, 2010). As Americans we need to support Arizona’s efforts to clean house in fight of illegal aliens in the U.S. Most critics are saying that this is the strictest measure in generations for the detaining of illegal immigrants. The key work is “ILLEGAL”. Every American knows that if it is illegal then you should not be doing it, adolescent 101, but we live in a time where people feel that illegal aliens...
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...Immigration is a problem that does exist and S.B. 1070 is a law that was created by the citizens of Arizona. They realized the problem they had in their state which lead them to create and vote for such a law. The S.B 1070 is law implemented by Arizona which basically grants the power to officers to stop anyone they believe are in the state illegally. When the law was enacted the state and the country say a drop in the population of illegal immigrants. S.B 1070 was very controversial especially because it was seen by many as a way to racial profile the Hispanic and Latino community. There are many viewpoints and aspects that can be talked about immigration but the main points that are talked about are the problems with the economy and racial profiling with in the aspects of immigration. The main question is should Maryland enact a law similar to the one created by Arizona to better the state’s economy? Yes, immigration specifically illegal immigration, does exist it there has been an increase presence of illegal immigrants in the states closer to the Mexican-American border. An important statement to remember, “with the population of illegal immigrants in the United States ranging from an estimated 10 to 12 million”(Marshall) is why Arizona enacted such a law is because of how close to the border they are. The S.B. 1070 on April 23, 2010, was signed by Jan Brewer “into law Senate Bill 1070 aimed at preventing illegal immigration that has significantly affected the Mexico-bordering state...
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...of SB 1070 complied with the relevant federal, state and local laws, the Arizona Constitution, and the U.S. Constitution. The SB 1070 complements the immigration law rather than usurping the federal jurisdiction. It protects the American citizens and the legal immigrants in Arizona through a legislation that is enforceable against the illegal immigrants, the employers who engage in hiring the illegal immigrants, and those who are involved in transporting the illegal immigrants. Arizona Senate Bill 1070 Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act Introduction On April 23, 2010 Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer signed Senate Bill 1070 into law (McFayden, 2011). The key part of the Arizona law is Section 2(B) that states if a police officer has a reasonable suspicion that an individual who has been lawfully arrested, detained, or stopped for violation of any law or ordinance is unlawfully present in the United States, then a reasonable attempt must be made to determine the person’s immigration status (Von Spakovsky,...
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...but wasn’t used in criminal investigations until a murder inquiry of two young girls between 1983 and 1986 which Professor Alec Jeffreys used DNA profiling to convict suspect Colin Pitchfork in 1988. Only one-tenth of a single percent of DNA differs from one person to the next. Scientists or forensic profilers can use this to generate a DNA profile of an individual using samples from blood, bone (marrow), hair, semen and other body fluids and tissues. Main Body In 1984 a very popular figure of the party Greenpeace Hilda Murrell was murdered in Shrewsbury. She had been stabbed, sexually abused and kidnapped before being left to die in a Shropshire wood of hypothermia along with her other injuries. She was due to give evidence at a public inquiry about a proposed nuclear reactor. Also her nephew played a crucial part in the sinking of the Belgrano during the Falklands war. This prompted a rash of conspiracy theories pointing the finger at British Intelligence Services looking for secret documents. West Mercia Police spent a lot of time, effort and money on investigating this case due to the high profile nature of it however no suspect could be found. This warranted more calls that she had been murdered by British Intelligence to the point that even books and documentaries were made of the murder. In 2002 West Mercia Police...
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...integrate minorities like African Americans, women, Asian Americans and others to have the same rights as White Americans. The world has changed dramatically and the U.S. has made history since the creation of the U.S. Constitution having added to it in order for the land of the free actually be the land of the free. The term “laws on the books” refers to the actual written laws passed through legislation being by state or federal and recorded in the codified law books. “Law in action” refers to how the law is actually interpreted, carried out, and applied in the courts. As far as it being fair in the justice system, well it has its pros and cons. It’s not fair when a person is singled out by police because he looks different or out of place. It’s not fair when a person gets a ticket when going to speed of traffic. It is fair that we do have police presence on our street enforcing the laws even though the law enforced may depend on the characteristics of those who enforce it or those against whom it is enforce (Meyer and Grant 2003). Our justice system is huge and well defined. The fact that the legal system can remain upbeat and on its own agreement is additional proof of its capability to develop and modify just like living...
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...Team C: Jury Nullification CJA/344 October 15, 2012 Team C: Jury Nullification Jury nullification has been a growing concern throughout the years for many Americans. Jury nullification is a constitutional doctrine that allows juries to acquit guilty defendants but who do not deserve punishment. Many believe that when this sort of action takes place the jury racially identify with the criminal defendant. There have been several cases for an example: the O.J Simpson case or the police officers in the Rodney King beating. The evidence was visible, but the verdict was not guilty. This paper includes how and if ethnicity influences courtroom proceedings and judicial practices, arguments against ethnicity-based jury nullification, contemporary examples of ethnicity based-jury nullification, and by choosing a position for or against ethnicity-based jury nullification. Ethnicity Influences and Judicial Practices There have been plenty of attempts to advance equal justice in the United States (Ward, Farrell, & Rousseau, 2009). In the criminal justice administration disparity still remains a concern. Criminal justice research on sentencing has found disparity based on defendant characteristics as gender, race, and class. There have been two changes by many individuals to secure equal justice in the court system. Implementations of sentencing guidelines, reduce bias, and increased racial and ethnic group representation among arbiters...
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...and Justice Administration, and was made a member of both Phi Kappa Phi and Golden Key International Honor Societies. Ms. Halliday has worked with and studied criminal justice issues in Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Her current research interests include transnational sex and drug trafficking, and police fitness testing and standards. LEJA 518 - Issues paper: Police discretion. Gemma L. Halliday Western Illinois University “Enforcing the law without fear or favor” (Goldstein, 1963, p. 141). The very nature of police work is extremely complex in today’s society. Police officers play an important role comprising of many different tasks concerning; actually enforcing the criminal law, performing order maintenance and other miscellaneous services. It is through these duties and services that police are constantly intersecting and interacting with the community on a daily basis. Thus, they hold a very prominent and powerful position in society that requires them to protect these people’s morals, principles and values. And, the way in which police officers go about their duties and enforcing the law should reflect these morals, principles and values in an evolving, dynamic, and complex society (Jones, 2000; Gaines & Kappeler, 2003). Discretion plays a role in nearly every...
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...Anchor Babies There are millions of stories that we hear everyday of how people came to US in pursue of better life for them and their children. Each story is unique, passionate, and encouraging; as a person I do realize that each person has a right to better their life through hard work, and wish to fulfill their dream. This country was build by immigrants who sought a better opportunity, however, what was in the beginning of 20th century, drastically changed in 21st. The ongoing debate is more evolving regarding illegal immigrants and anchor babies. This issue is seeking more and more attention by the government and political figures. How does the government should deal with increasing numbers of illegal immigrants and increasing population of anchor babies. When this issue arises in the debate, we turn to 14 Amendment of Constitution, which states; All persons born or naturalized in the United states and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the united States. The intent of the original amendment is not to facilitate illegal aliens defying U.S. Law and obtaining citizenship for their offspring, or obtaining benefits at taxpayer expense. The United States is unusual in it's proposal to extend citizenship to anyone born on its soil. If we turn to other developed countries that have developed their citizenship practice to eliminate the problems caused by the practice of birthright citizenship. The anchor baby problem has grown to such large proportions...
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...predict, plan, dissuade possible crimes of occurring using current information with advanced analysis applied to the information to assist those in charge of daily security task.” (NIOJ, para 1). As Information Systems becomes more complex by the hour how authentic is or is not the data provided. Predictive Policing Compare and contrast the application of Information Technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. Today's police have an advantage over their counterparts of the 60's and 70's with the help of the invention of the computer, new processes, and new calculations being processed. Information stored in some form of database such as business code violations, burglaries, citations, demographics of age of residences, housing appraisals, utilities usage and many others aspects are used to create an educated guess on where police should focus their efforts on deterring crime. When predictive information is used appropriately this can bring about a great change to law enforcement such as was seen in Santa Cruz Police department that used the data to arrest five criminals. However, the adage of “Garbage in Garbage out” comes into play. Typically, a human handles all data entered into a database and there are always clerical mistakes with data entry. Some of the primary error rates found at the University of Hawaii states errors can be as high as 10%. As stated by Ronald Bailey “The accuracy of predictive...
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...Police Misconduct and its Social Impact Can Better Police Training result in a decrease of Police Brutality against minorities? A research paper submitted advocating the issues among police agencies in North America. This paper analyzes the protocol that determines the appropriate procedures for a safer community for the victimized minorities through use -of- force incidents. HSB4U1 December 11/12/2015 Summative Report Mrs. Kim By: Julianne Silva Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………Pg. 3 Chapter one: Police Issues American CCPSA Fixing Problems…………………………………………………………Pg. 4 America’s Flawed System……………………………………………………………………Pg. 6 Controlling the Police…………………………………………………………………………Pg. 7 Chapter two: Police Solutions The Debate over Body Cameras…………………………………………………………….Pg. 9 Changing Policies and Regulations...……………………………………………………….Pg. 10 Chapter Three: Community and Behaviour Police Subculture……………………………………………………………………………….Pg.12 Impact on Minorities…………………………………………………………………………….Pg.12 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….Pg.14 Works Cited………………………………………………………………………………………Pg.15 Appendix A: Julianne Silva Survey Summary………………………………………………..Pg.17 Appendix B-1: ………………………………………………………………………………….... Appendix B-2……………………………………………………………………………………... Introduction One of the most controversial topics in police enforcement throughout history has been the issue between racial minorities and the misconduct of police officials...
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