...convicted. The modern justice process begins with investigation. After a crime has been discovered, evidence is gathered at the scene when possible, and a follow up investigation attempts to reconstruct the sequence of activities. Although a few offenders are arrested at the scene of the crime, most are apprehended later. In such cases, an arrest warrant issued by a judge provides the legal basis for an apprehension by police. An arrest, in which a person is taken into custody, limits the offender's freedom. The Arrest is a serious step in the process of justice. Most arrests are made peacefully, but if a suspect tries to resist, a police officer may need to use force. During arrest and before questioning defendants are advised to the constitutional rights, also known as their Miranda rights. The criminal justice procedure begins with arrest, followed by the booking of suspects, arraignment, preliminary hearing, grand jury trial, pretrial hearings, the criminal trial, followed by sentencing. In this paper, I am also going to discuss constitutional protections for the defendant as well as those in place to protect society as a whole. Following arrest, suspects are booked. During booking, which is an administrative procedure, pictures are taken, fingerprints are made, and personal information such as address, date of birth, weight, and height are gathered. Details of the charges are recorded, and an administrative record of the arrest is created. At...
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...if civil rights have been violated, if there was sufficient cause for officers to stake out the store, reward of damages to victim, racial profiling, and citizen review boards. In addition, this paper will discuss the recommendation for types of oversight systems, when you would reach out to an oversight system, the pros and cons of these systems and legal issues that may arise for an oversight system. Phase 4: Civil Rights Project Part One In 1957 The Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice was created after the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. This division works to uphold all the constitutional and civil rights of the citizens of the United States, especially those Americans, which are the most at risk members in society. This division enforces all federal statutes barring discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, familial status and national origin (Civil Rights Division, 2013). According to US Legal (2013) civil rights are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, which includes the 13th and 14th Amendments. These include the right to due process; every person under the law will receive equal treatment regarding the enjoyment of life, liberty, property, and protection. For example civil rights include the freedom of speech, press, assembly, the right to vote, freedom from involuntary servitude, and the right to equality (Federal Law Civil Rights, 2013). A civil rights violation occurs when...
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...Debate Gun control is a heated topic for debate right now in the United States. Many people are pro-gun control while others are against it. One fact is: “The Second Amendment only restricts the federal and state governments from imposing gun control that would completely deprive citizens of the right to defend their homes and their right to take part in defending their liberties as members of a national militia” (Charles, 2013). There is always some level of gun control. It can rise of course, but they cannot be taken away to their entirety. There are many pros to debate as well as cons. As gun control is discussed, we will come across ethical, moral, and legal issues. The Pros of Gun Control Do we not have enough gun violence occurring in today’s society that we feel the need to grant Americans permission to bear arms? Regulation of guns is a necessary action that needs to be taken in order to save lives. Gun control is an effort to stop the rise in violent crime by strengthening laws on the ownership of firearms. “According to studies, 54 percent of Americans say stricter laws would reduce the number of deaths caused by mass shootings.” Terrorism, schools shootings and other modern circumstances cannot be prevented all together; however stricter gun laws will limit the access to firearms and decrease the rate of deaths. Many Americans own firearms as a means of protection for their homes; however a crime victim who has a gun may be in more danger than an unarmed person...
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...by most people to be a US law aimed at reforming the American health care system. The main focus for this care is to provide more Americans with access to reasonable health insurance, improving the value of health insurance, regulating the health insurance industry, and decreasing health care spending in the US (Government, 2012). Many people have mixed feelings about Obama Care and how it is used in the US. In this paper, I will discuss the origins and the history of how Obama Care got started and its difficulties. Then, I am going to talk about the pros and cons dealing with Obama Care and the ways it will affect our economy. Next, I will discuss how Obama Care is funded and how there are still missing pieces that the administration needs to clear up. Lastly, I will argue how some of the American population thinks Obama Care is a scam. Then, to wrap up my paper I will be giving my opinion on this complex matter. Steps in the process of Obama Care The history of Obama Care is very complex but the name is the unofficial name for The Patient Protection and Affordable Care act, which was singed into law on March 23, 2010. The major requirements went into effect in January 1, 2014 even though significant modifications had happened before this date. Many Americans were opposed to Obama Care before it was even passed because they didn’t like the idea of the government taking over the healthcare polices. Now, I am going to describe the obstacles of Obama Care over the years in...
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... When the security and safety nor only of the officer but also the citizen is overwhelmed, the high cost of surveillance system must not be an obstacle. There must be a balance between the advantages and disadvantages of its application. Unfortunately, there still been resistance to adopt this system in all police department because besides the high cost, officers feel that instead of being used as a method of enforcement, it is used as a method of surveillance for the officers (2011). Before you enter your average gas station, you see a sign with intriguing yet captive words. The sign reads “Smile, you are on camera!” Signs like these are widely used today to warn the shopper that there is in fact eyes prying in on their activities to capture any illegal actions. These illegal actions are usually handled by police officers. But what about their vehicles and the daily dose of crime stopping action? Is a warning necessary inside a vehicle that carries out the tasks of the law? Recording devices, specifically video cameras, should be placed inside each and every official vehicle. An audible and visual proof of an offender’s behavior can be more than sufficient to allow the law to take charge and give such his or her amount of justice. Of course devices like these can and have been used against the will of officers. Nonetheless the pros outshine the cons on many levels in today’s rapidly growing technological world (2012). A burglar never warns a home owner about his future...
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...than women, and African Americans experience more crime than other racial groups (Newmark, 2008). Victims of crime suffer from physical, emotional, psychological, and financial issues. Some of the issues victims of crime face are physical injury, fear for personal safety, medical expenses, counseling expenses, feelings of fear, grief, shame, and anger, and lost income. Victims of crime needing assistance may believe they are overlooked or even revictimized by the criminal justice system, a system that may appear to be more concerned with the criminal’s rights than with the needs and rights of the victim. This paper will address the role the prosecutor, defense attorney, criminal, and victim play within the criminal justice system and how victimization affects each. The Prosecutor The prosecutor plays a critical role in the criminal justice system and serves many functions throughout the criminal justice process. Some of these functions are as follows: * Investigating * Helping the police build a case against the person(s) * Bringing charges against a person(s) * Arranging plea bargains * Questioning witnesses * Presenting his or her evidence to a court to ensure a conviction The prosecutor should have an elaborate working knowledge of the law and whose duty is to seek justice for the innocent, convict the guilty, and ensure the rights of the accused as well as the rights of the public. The prosecutor must also have a vast amount of desecration...
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...Kane Gibson BTEC level 3 Extended Diploma in Public Services (Uniforms) Unit 1 Government, Policies and the Public Service 14 January 2016 The impact of UK Government Policies on the Public Services Human rights Each UK citizen has certain rights, these include the rights to: Life, Prohibition of torture, Prohibition of slavery and forced labour, Liberty and security, A fair trial, No punishment without law, Respect for private and family life, Freedom of thought, conscience and religion, Freedom of expression, Freedom of assembly and association, Marry, Prohibition of discrimination, Protection of property, Education, Free elections, and Abolition of the death penalty. Environmental Air quality plan for reducing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Greater London urban area listing (UK0001) The Air quality plan is setting out what the government will be doing about improving the air quality in London as well as reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions. Another is “River Thames: application for registration of a launch” The government are setting out a registration for a powered boat to be in the river thames. The boats that are not included are Kayaks, canoes, and other non powered boats. The reason for this is to attempt reduction in emissions and other toxic wastes. All boats kept, rented, or let for hire must be registered with the Environment Agency (Inland Waterways) Order 2010 annually to calculate the amount of emissions entering the water. Affecting the military...
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...legal system giving the American people a structure to live by, law and order. Although all American laws are constitutional, when the Constitution was written in 1787 the American culture was very new and it only catered to the majority and nobody else that was brought to the United States. As time passed the comprehension of the Constitution was changed to integrate minorities like African Americans, women, Asian Americans and others to have the same rights as White Americans. The world has changed dramatically and the U.S. has made history since the creation of the U.S. Constitution having added to it in order for the land of the free actually be the land of the free. The term “laws on the books” refers to the actual written laws passed through legislation being by state or federal and recorded in the codified law books. “Law in action” refers to how the law is actually interpreted, carried out, and applied in the courts. As far as it being fair in the justice system, well it has its pros and cons. It’s not fair when a person is singled out by police because he looks different or out of place. It’s not fair when a person gets a ticket when going to speed of traffic. It is fair that we do have police presence on our street enforcing the laws even though the law enforced may depend on the characteristics of those who enforce it or those against whom it is enforce (Meyer and Grant 2003). Our justice system is huge and well defined. The fact that the legal system can...
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...The most common pros are: Animals are appropriate research subjects because they are similar to human beings in many ways. Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans. All mammals, including humans, are descended from common ancestors, and all have the same set of organs that function in essentially the same way with the help of a bloodstream and central nervous system. Thus, because animals and humans are so biologically similar, they are susceptible to many of the same conditions and illnesses, which include heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Another ground breaking pro to Animal Testing is, Animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments. The California Biomedical Research Association states that nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals. Experiments in which dogs had their pancreases removed led directly to the discovery of insulin, critical to saving the lives of diabetics. The polio vaccine, tested on animals, reduced the global occurrence of the disease from 350,000 cases in 1988 to 223 cases in 2012. Animal research has also contributed to major advances in understanding and treating conditions such as breast cancer, brain injury, childhood leukemia, cystic fibrosis, malaria,...
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...Pros and Cons of Death Penalty Does the execution of a murderer serve justice for all? One of the most controversial topics in the world today not only deals with the death penalty, also known as capital punishment, but whether it should be abolished or not . While some believe that the death penalty is “cruel and unusual punishment” violating the 8th amendment of the United States Constitution, others argue that “an eye for an eye” does justice. Thirty-four different states support this type of punishment including Oklahoma, leaving fifteen states that do not. According to Newport and the Gallup Polls, as of May 2007, “sixty-six percent of Americans -- almost the same percentage that supports the death penalty” consider the death penalty “morally acceptable.” Only twenty-seven percent of people believe the death penalty is morally wrong. Some say that the “legality in the United States is critically undermining American moral stature around the world (Ballaro & Cushman)." The death penalty is a very emotional, complex, and rather complicated matter that includes, but not limited to, the argument of the pros and cons as well as the fact that some convicted people whether executed or not are then later freed from guilt and blame (exonerated). There are many different pros of the death penalty, but I have chosen to only discuss a few of the most controversial topics. Supporters of death penalty believe that “[j]ustice is only achieved when a crime is met with the proper punishment...
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...Richard Bonifacio, Angie Casas, D’Andra Moody, Latrice Todd Prof. Shazia Ali Management 3330 3 May 2012 Should Smokers Be a Protected Class in the Application Process? Smoking policies are argued about across the nation. What someone does off the job and outside of their work hours should not condemn them or cost them their job. On January 24th, the Associated Press reported Newbern police Sergeant James Bishop, of Tennessee Police Department, was terminated for smoking after 17 years on the police force (“Police Officer Fired”). Some may question why Sgt. Bishop was not written up prior to being fired, but the answer is simple; policies have prohibited smoking in municipal offices or buildings. The purpose of our presentation is to shed light on the pros and cons of the smoking policies at the Dallas-based Health Care System. We will focus on the employer’s and employee’s perspective of: Increasing insurance costs vs. disease/addiction, clean work environment vs. anti-smoke bans, and lastly wellness/pro-health vs. discrimination against smokers as a class of people. Baylor officials claim smoking is one of the reasons health insurance premiums are constantly rising for Americans. Over the past few years, various employees have been adapting to the smoking policies, which has become a more prevalent issue. The challenge for employers, however, resides in staying within legal and ethical boundaries when addressing such issues. Presently, a growing number of employers...
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...for a long period of time and the demand for paid sex will always exist. In many segments of society paying for sex is acceptable. History has proven that eliminating prostitution is not possible. Decriminalizing the sex trade will recognize prostitutions role in our society. Prostitution is generally an act between consenting adults and different categories include street, brothels, escorts and sex tourism. According to Sherry F. Colb of Rutgers Law School, prostitution is classified as a victimless crime. She states “What makes prostitution a victimless crime in the sense that no one is necessarily harmed by it, is that there are consenting adults involved” (Sherry Colb). Prosecuting and then clogging the already overloaded justice system with more court cases related to a consensual act is a waste of money and valued resources. If prostitution is legalized these resources will be better directed towards reducing crimes...
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...the Scottsboro case, involved several African American boys ranging from the ages of 13-17, whom were accused of raping two white women. The defendants were convicted and sentenced to death in a quick trial without an attorney. This took place in a time where African Americans were subject to racial discrimination in the legal system in the southern states. After questioning the defendant’s guilt and an alleged victim admitted she lied, the court found the legal proceedings to be fundamentally unfair and granted the death penalty defendants their rights to an attorney. Johnson v. Zerbst (1938), the federal court will provide the defendant an attorney if you are too poor to afford one. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), after an uneducated prisoner hand written petition the court stating a judge denied his right to an attorney. The courts expanded the cover all state and local courts. . Douglas v. California (1963), the government will supply an attorney for a defendant if they cannot afford one. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), the Supreme Court overturned a murder conviction because the accused was never warned of his right to remain silent. This helped shape police behavior toward the accused. Argersinger v. Hamlin (1972), Regardless of the seriousness of the charges against the defendant, an attorney can represent if there is a possibility of facing jail time. Prosecutors are licensed lawyers that are elected to their position in order to uphold the law on the government side of a criminal...
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...evolution of technology directly affects the way the criminal justice system operates at fundamental levels. A wide range of technologies are employed in support of the justice system, including identification software, database management software, computers, automobiles, and weapons. The adoption and implementation of technology also directly shapes the policies and practices of the justice system. For example, the development of modern communications and transportation technologies in the early 1900s increased the response capability of police and changed citizen calls for service. Computers and cellular technologies have increased the capacity of data processing, information sharing, and communications within and across agencies. The increasing societal dependence on the Internet and computer-mediated communications have led law enforcement to develop tools to investigate offenses online. Thus, technology plays a pivotal role in the justice system, though a majority of researchers focus on the implementation and effect of technologies in law enforcement agencies. Over the last several decades’ technology has evolved in ways that most would never have imagined. Technology used to be something only seen in movies or The Jetson’s. Today, technology is used to operate in nearly everything we do throughout the day. The increased use of technology offers many pros and cons, when it comes to the criminal justice system, it can greatly impact and/or seriously hinder all in one scenario...
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...society is that of public policing. Agencies paid to perform the protective and lost-prevention type duties not handled by police officers are the private security agencies. Society needs to know the pros and cons for each agency to ensure that agency will protect him or her for the correct reasons. In comparing public policing and private security for society, most individuals need to see the different branches and what each agency offers to ensure the best for the situation. Most agencies leave a good review for society and attempt to provide information on public locations for society to view to gain more knowledge about each system and organization. There are several distinct differences between public policing and private security. Public policing does the following: 1) maintain order, 2) performs community service, 3) detect crime, 4) handle crime, and 5) prevent crime, 6) traffic control, 7) stop and questioning an individual, 8) search/seize individuals and their personal belongings, 9) conduct interrogations, and 10) arrest an individual. Private security does the following paid duties: 1) serves as an escort, 2) patrol housing and business areas, 3) serves as guards at gates, 4) transport valuables, 5) security training, 6) screening of personnel for employment, 7) technical counter surveillance, 8) security consultation, 9) install alarm systems and 10) offer private security vaults. (Reid, 1996). Like duties and responsibilities between public policing and private...
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