...Mandatory Voting as a Response to Declining Voter Turnout In many parts of the world, the act of voting is seen as an act that empowers citizens and an act that gives them a voice. However, with the decline of voter turnout, this voice seems to be coming from a select few, leaving political scientists wondering about the remaining of the population. In response to this situation, many have suggested making the act of voting, a mandatory one. Making voting a compulsory act for all citizens does provide both the citizens and the political system with many benefits. However, there are those that oppose this idea, stating possible disadvantages and contradiction in ideologies. The matter in hand is tough for any nation to deal with but making voting a mandatory act proves to have more advantages than disadvantages. With the issue on hand, each side of the debate has to be given an equal opportunity to present their ideas in hopes of coming up with a viable way to deal with the situation. The hopeful outcome of making voting mandatory in countries has shown is to have an increase in voter turnout. This can be approached in different ways. For example, countries such as Switzerland, Peru, Argentina and Australia impose fines on people who do not vote. (Henry Milner 11). Other countries use other methods to single out non-voters. In Peru, voters carry around stamped cards that confirm they have voted in the election and these cards are presented at public offices for services to...
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...Changing the Voting System in America In the United States of America, the Electoral College system is used to elect the President. This system was created to make voting a quicker and easier process when the country was established. Horseback was the quickest way to transport votes at the time and to speed up the process of voting, the founders created the electoral college system. To eliminate the delay of travel, the electors who represent each state could be updated more quickly. Today we now have the internet and information can be easily transmitted instantly with no time delay when votes are counted and coming in from all states on the day of the election. The United States is a technologically advanced country so why do we keep using this process to elect our next president? This citizen criticizes the Electoral College system in the U.S. It must be replaced because it is outdated and unfair. The main issue that citizens have with the Electoral College is how it decreases the voting power. According to William Kimberlin, “States are given three voted regardless of their population but based on the state's population, the citizens votes are given to the states”. (uselectionatlas) This system is giving votes to citizens who are not in the states boundaries. In smaller states, a vote has more influence than a vote in a larger state because votes from larger states are distributed among the smaller states. For example, eight votes are taken away from California and redistributed...
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...promises and disenchanted with the whole process of voting and politics in general. Assuming that low turnout is a reflection of disenchantment or indifference low turnouts can lead to unequal representation among various parts of the population. During presidential elections what really counts is the Electoral College. I know where I live the winner of the Presidential election is announced before the polls...
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...to the US Supreme Court, the pros and cons of voter ID are heatedly debated. Attorney General Alan Wilson said, “The rule requiring photo identification is a logical step in a country that requires photo ID for everything from cashing checks to buying cold medicine: Shouldn’t there be a basic protection for the integrity of the voting process”(qtd. in Dean.) Most states at the moment require only a spoken name to be eligible to vote. This results in abuses which harm the election process. The US government should implement voter ID laws in order to protect voter integrity and ensure accurate...
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...Module: Public Law& Civil Rights ‘The Government is pledged in its manifesto to complete reform of the Lords to remove the hereditary element entirely and to reconstitute the House on a modern representative basis.’ Government White Paper (The House of Lords: Completing the Reform 2001). Consider the political and legal reasons as to why, some 13 years after stage 1 of House of Lords reform (the House of Lords Act 1999), Parliament has only now started to consider Stage 2 legislation (House of Lords Reform Bill 2012). Abstract During the past 100 years, the British government has never ceased trying to bring democracy to the House of Lords. However, having examined the reform history, one could conclude that all the reforms proposed after 1999 are not carried out as planned. This essay, therefore, attempts to provide descriptions on the major reforms of Lords proposed or implemented since 1911. It will focus particularly on discussing the main political and legal difficulties on the incompletion of reform of Lords since 1999. 1. Introduction The House of Lords has long been known as a historical curiosity of this country. Together with the Canadian Senate, the chamber remains one of the only two unelected second chambers in the modern and major democracies. Owing to the undemocratic composition of the Lords, it was reluctant to utilize its legitimate powers in the 20th century for which some local political scholars described as having ‘a little public profile...
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...Security ownership of management 61 Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act Transactions with related persons, promoters and certain control persons Policies and procedures for related person transactions 61 61 62 Related person transactions 62 Communications 62 Communications with the Board of Directors and non-management Directors 62 Consideration of Director nominations for the 2014 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting 63 Shareholder proposals for inclusion in next year’s Proxy Statement 63 Other shareholder proposals for presentation at the 2014 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting 64 Solicitation of proxies and voting 64 Notice and access 64 Record date 64 Voting prior to the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting 64 Voting at the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting 64 Quorum 64 Voting tabulation 65 Registered shareholders 65 Beneficial holders 65 Proxy solicitation 65 Confidential voting 66 Additional information 66 Executive officers 66 McDonald’s Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K, other reports and policies 66 Householding of Annual Shareholders’ Meeting materials 67 Information about registering for and attending the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting 67 Pre-registration and admission...
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...passed the events of the last few months. It was late January 2000. Morgan, the retired dean of Boston University'Sbusiness school, knew well the trip to Burlington. As a member of the board of directors of Ben & Jerry's Homemade over the past This case was preparedby Professor Michael J. Schill with researchassistancefrom D aniel Burke. VernHines. Sangyeon Hwang, Won sang Kim, Vincente Ladinez, andTyrone Taylor. It was written as a basis forclass discus sion rathe than to illustrat effectiveor ineffectivehandlingof an administrative situation Copyright 0 2001 by r e . the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation. Charlottesville, VA. All rights reserved.Toorder copies, send an e-mail to dard encases@virgini .edu. No part ofthis publication may be rep roduced. stored in a retrieval a system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means- electronic, mechanical. photocopy-,"' , ,. - - _ . L __ . •; .. ... . ,.,;,1,,,,, ,1", nermi:.....ion of the Darden...
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...within the corporation is given the option of drawing a salary or dividend. The shareholder that own shares but does not actively work in corporation can draw dividends only. This paper will focus on the active owners of a small business corporation. The analysis will compare the methods and the impact on owners as well as the corporation using each approach. The mix method will also be analyzed and discussed. Basic tax concepts are based on the theory of integration. BDO defines Integration in The Tax Factor, they say that” A tax system is said to be integrated if the same amount of overall tax is paid when the income is earned indirectly through a corporation or directly by an individual.” (BDO Dunwoody, 2009, p.1) According to this theory there should be no difference to the individual regardless of the method chosen. But we know that in order for there to be integration the rates have to be perfectly matched. The tax system in Canada is not perfect and there will be a savings or a cost when drawing dividends (BDO Dunwoody LLP, 2009). Provincial corporate and personal tax rates vary significantly from provinces to province. The corporate tax rates have been very active, consistently dropping in many provinces. Along with tax rates dropping, small business limits have been...
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...MGMT 436 Larry Dudley Group 3 Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory Inc. Audit Karla Schaapveld, Jeremy Smith, Mark Bourgoin, Matt Misitano, Diego Elizalde, Jeff Stanton, and Reilly Kindred CASE 22 Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory Inc. Jeremy Smith I. CURRENT SITUATION A. Current Performance * 329 Franchised and 5 Company owned stores * Increasing revenues year to year with $16.7 Million in 2008 * Sales have slowed due to economic downturn but the company is in an excellent financial position to withstand the recession B. Strategic Posture 1. Mission * Quality, Taste, Value, and Variety of products * Quality of the product is the number one factor 2. Objectives * Manage money carefully during economic downturn * Slowed expansion and elimination of debt * Maintain a good relationship with employees as well as franchisees 3. Strategies * Adding stores in resort, tourist, street front, and entertainment-oriented locations * RMCF is repurchasing stock as it felt it was undervalued * Owns 8 refrigerated trucks to move products from factory to stores * New line of sugar free candies for the health conscious and those with special dietary requirements * Each store is setup to make product where customers can view and smell the end result 4. Policies * Trucks are sent out from the factories with product for stores but return with ingredients to make more product making the trips...
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...1. Case study - Women on the Right Track at CP Rail Women comprise nearly half of Canada's workforce, but over the last two decades, they have made no progress in obtaining senior management roles. This lack of success may deter younger women from entering certain professions and from learning from role models. Furthermore, research shows that a lack of diversity can affect retention, productivity, and innovation. Companies with more female senior managers have a higher return on equity than those with lower rates of female senior managers. With this research in mind, CP Rail undertook three initiatives to increase the number of women managers: * Each department must have diversity goals. * Mentoring programs for females have been established. * Senior women discuss their careers in forums. * Women on Track offers networking opportunities. To date, the program has been successful, with the number of women in senior management doubling over 5 years. Questions 1. Compare CP Rail’s initiatives to advance women with the recommended six-step program for the implementation of employment equity. 2. Review the list in Highlights in HRM 3.1 (retention strategies). What more could CP Rail undertake? Here is Highlight H.R.M 3.1 ( retention strategies ) see bellow. 2. Case study “Fairmont Hotels and Resorts” Corporate social responsibility through environmental sensitivity, among others, has recently surfaced as a pressing...
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...A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4 Contents 2 6 7 9 14 15 18 20 22 82 85 NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING CORPORATE INFORMATION PROFILE OF DIRECTORS STATEMENT ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OTHER INFORMATION AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS OF SHAREHOLDINGS LIST OF PROPERTIES PROXY FORM NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Twenty-Fifth Annual General Meeting of the Company will be held at Mauna Lani A Room, Holiday Inn Kuala Lumpur Glenmarie, 1 Jalan Usahawan U1/8, 40250 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan on Tuesday, 21st October 2014 at 9:30 a.m. for the following purposes:AGENDA 1. To table the Audited Financial Statements for the nancial year ended 30 June 2014 together with the Reports of the Directors and Auditors thereon. To approve the declaration of a nal 30 June 2014. dividend of 9% for the nancial year ended (Please refer to Note A) (Resolution 1) 2. 3. 4. To approve the Directors’ fees for the nancial year ended 30 June 2014. To re-elect the following Directors who retire in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association :i) ii) iii) Madam Khoo Yok Kee (Article 73) Mr. Arnold Kwan Poon Keong (Article 73) Mr. Chiu Wei Wen (Article 73) (Resolution 2) (Resolution 3) (Resolution 4) (Resolution 5) (Resolution 6) 5. To re-appoint Messrs PricewaterhouseCoopers as Auditors of the Company and to authorise the Directors...
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...Advocacy Groups - an association of individuals or organizations who unite to actively support or defend an idea, usually to influence policies or resource allocations through media campaigns, public presentations, publicity, and legislative lobbying efforts; GROUP WHO TRY TO RAISE AWARENESS AND INFLUENCE POLITICS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION advocacy groups are broader. interest groups are more specific. for example an environmental group would be an advocacy group and a group to save the rainforest would be an interest group. Amicus Curiae - “Friend of the Court.” A brief filed in a lawsuit by an individual or group that is not party to the lawsuit but that has an interest in the outcome. SOMEONE, NOT BELONGING TO ANY PARTY, VOLUNTEERS TO OFFER INFORMATION TO ASSIST IN A CASE, WHICH IS WHY IT MEANS FRIEND OF THE COURT Astroturf - refers to political, advertising or public relations campaigns that are designed to mask the sponsors of the message to give the appearance of coming from a disinterested, grassroots participant (i.e. fake grassroots); FAKE GRASS/FAKE SUPPORT; OPPOSITE OF GRASSROOTS; Creating the impression of public support by paying people in the public to pretend to be supportive. Bundling - A tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals (each limited to $2000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a “bundle,” thus increasing the PAC’s influence. Checkbook Membership- send in money to be a member A checkbook member is...
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...Table of Contents I.) INTRODUCTORY PRINCIPLES 2 A.) Efficiency and Other Concepts 2 B.) Agency and Partnership Law 2 II.) INTRODUCTION TO THE CORPORATE FORM 16 A.) Formation and Structure 16 B.) Debt, Equity, and Valuation 22 III.) CONTROL OF CORPORATE DECISIONS 32 A.) The Role of the Shareholder 32 B.) Management Obligations 50 1.) Duty of Care 51 2.) Duty of Loyalty 56 3.) Duty of Fairness: Parent-Subsidiary Relationships 63 4.) Duty of Good Faith 64 5.) Management Obligations Under Federal Securities Laws 67 C.) Shareholder Litigation 76 IV.) Structural Changes 85 A.) Transactions in Control 85 B.) Mergers and Acquisitions 86 1.) Mergers 87 2.) Sale of Assets 93 3.) Asset Purchase or Tender Offer 94 C.) Public Control Contests 96 1.) The Poison Pill 100 2.) Enhanced Review When Business is Up for Sale 103 3.) Proxy Contests for Corporate Control 106 4.) Protecting the Deal: Shareholder Lockup Agreements 109 I.) INTRODUCTORY PRINCIPLES • Definitions o Corporate Law: The allocation of rights and power within a corporation; the internal body of law ▪ Addresses the creation of economic wealth through the facilitation of voluntary, ongoing collective action ▪ Flexible- expectation that market discipline will weed out what is not working ▪ Principle aim- reduce agency costs of all sorts o Securities Law: Regulates capital markets that corporations use to obtain funding ...
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...FAIRFAX by by Anubhav Gaur SMBA12045 Section B Anubhav Gaur SMBA12045 Section B TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknoledgement Summary blackberry ltd. Section 1.1 : History Section 1.2 : Strategic Changes Section 1.3 : Success in Market place Section 1.4 : Changes in Financial Fortunes Section 1.5 : Financial Fortunes FAIRFAX LTD. Section 2.1 : Corporate Governance Section 2.2 : History Section 2.3 : Credit Ratings MERGERS & ACQUISATIONS Section 3.1 : Legal Structures Section 3.2 : Documentation Section 3.3 : Business Valuation TAKEOVERS Section 4.1 : Types Of Takeover Section 4.2 : Financing a Takeover Section 4.3 : Mechanics Section 4.4 : Strategies Section 4.5 : Agency Problems Section 4.6 : Pros & Cons Laws & Codes used during takeover Section 5.1 : City Code on Takeovers & Mergers Section 5.2 : Competetion Law Section 5.3 : Takeover Directives Section 5.4 : Companies ACT 1985 BLACKBERRY TAKEOVER REGULATORY APPROVAL COMPETETION COMMISION FOR TAKE OVER FCPA Section 8.1 : Provision & Scope Section 8.2 : History Section 8.3 : Requirements Section 8.4 : Application UK BRIBERY ACT TAKEOVER MECHANICS OF BLACKBERRY TAKEOVER CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCES ACKNOLEGDEMENT I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide Prof. Deepak Dayal for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this thesis. The blessing,...
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...Seagate Technology Buyout March 22, 2006 By: Rachel Cluck Beth Crocker Heather Preston Jessica Seal Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................3 Objectives ..............................................................................3 Overview................................................................................4 Alternatives – How to Address Seagate’s Low Stock Price ..5 Do Nothing.............................................................................6 Unload all VERITAS Stake ...................................................7 Sell to Other Investors ...........................................................7 Horizontal Merger or Buyout.................................................7 Vertical Integration ................................................................8 Leveraged Buyouts ............................................................. 10 The Discounted Cash Flow Model ..................................... 11 The Leveraged Buyout Model ............................................ 12 The SML Approach ............................................................ 13 LBO Price ........................................................................... 14 Capital Structure Proposed ................................................. 15 Payback Period for Silver Lake .......................................... 17 Shareholders’ Approval ................................................
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