...Acinar Adenocarcinoma is a form of prostate cancer that develops in the cells that line the prostate gland. It's the most common form of prostate cancer. Acinar Adenocarcinoma initially affects the prostate gland but can eventually obstruct the urethra if not treated in time. Acinar Adenocarcinoma is mostly found in men age 65 and older. African-American men Carribean men are 60% more likely to be diagnosed with this disease. This is due to environmental and ethical issues. 1 out of 7 men will get prostate cancer and 1 out of 39 will die from it. In earlier stages of prostate cancer there are no symptoms. As it progresses and develops, a man could have problems urinating, controlling their urination, and extreme pain in the bones. Doctors...
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...Peyronie’s Disease 10 Diphallia 12 Cryptorchidism 13 Orchiopexy 14 Prostate Cancer 15 STD’s 17 a) Chlamydia 17 b) Gonorrhea 18 c) Syphilis 19 d) Herpes Genitalis 20 Paternity Test 21 Viagra (sildenafil) 22 Circumcision 23 Vasectomy * A vasectomy is the surgical procedure performed on men in which the vas deferens (the tubes that carry the sperm from the testicles to the seminal vesicles) are cut, ties or cauterized. * The semen no longer contains sperm after the tubes are cut, so conception cannot occur. The testicles continue to produce sperm, but they die and are absorbed by the body. * There are 4 types of vasectomies: * Traditional vasectomy – the doctor will make an incision on the scrotum, allowing access to the vas deferens, which will then be cut. * No-scalpel vasectomy – the doctor cut the vas deferens via a small hole on the scrotum. * Clip vasectomy – small clamps are used to block the vas deferens instead of severing it. * Laser vasectomy – the vase deferens are cut and cauterized with a surgical laser * The vasectomy procedure prevents the release of sperm when a man ejaculates. The man will still produce semen, but will be sperm free. * Vasectomies may be reversed, however, this procedure should be considered permanent as there is no guarantee of successful reversal. * Following the procedure, ice packs are often applied to the scrotum to reduce swelling and decrease...
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...physician. One area men should pay close attention to is the prostate. The prostate is a male reproductive gland that produces the fluid that carries sperm during ejaculation. It surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine passes out of the body. As men age, past the age of fifty, it is common for the prostate to become enlarged, a condition known as BPH. BPH stands for benign (non-cancerous) prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy. It is a condition where the prostate becomes enlarged making urination more difficult by narrowing the urethra. BPH can be effectively treated by surgery and certain medications. The cause of BPH still remains a mystery. However, there is some research that suggests it is possible that the condition is associated with hormonal changes that occur as men age. The testes produce the hormone called testosterone. Testosterone is converted to DHT and estrogen in certain tissues. High levels of DHT, a testosterone derivative that is involved in prostate growth may accumulate and cause hyperplasia. The problem that remains is how and why the levels of DHT increase. (Medline Plus) Another reason they feel hormones play a role is because if the testicles are removed after the development of BPH, the prostate begins to shrink in size. Whatever the cause, an enlarging prostate gradually narrows the urethra and obstructs the flow of urine. BPH is part of the aging process. Actual changes in the prostate may start as early as the 30s but take place very gradually...
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...PROSTATE CANCER Risk factors * Older age. The risk of prostate cancer increases with age. Prostate cancer is most common in men older than 65. * Being black. Black men have a greater risk of prostate cancer than do men of other races. In black men, prostate cancer is also more likely to be aggressive or advanced. It's not clear why this is. * Family history of prostate cancer. If men in your family have had prostate cancer, your risk may be increased. * Obesity. Obese men diagnosed with prostate cancer may be more likely to have advanced disease that's more difficult to treat. Prevention * Choose a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables. Avoid high-fat foods and instead focus on choosing a variety of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Fruits and vegetables contain many vitamins and nutrients that can contribute to your health. One nutrient that is consistently linked to prostate cancer prevention is lycopene, which can be found in raw or cooked tomatoes. Whether you can prevent prostate cancer through diet has yet to be conclusively proved. But eating a healthy diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables can improve your overall health. * Choose healthy foods over supplements. No studies have shown that supplements play a role in reducing your risk of prostate cancer risk. While there has been some interest in vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin E and selenium, to lower prostate cancer risk, studies haven't found a benefit to taking supplements...
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...A prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is cancer that forms in tissue in that gland, it usually occurs in older men. Cancer comes in forms of tumors, which is an abnormal growth of cells. Malignant tumors are the cancerous tumors of the two different types of tumors. Can cause pain and interfere with normal function, but they can also cause other systems in the body to act abnormally. Malignant tumors can invade nearby groups of cells or tissues, crowding out and destroying normal cells. Sometimes cancer cells can break away from the tumor and travel to other parts of the body. Body fluids that carry cancer cells from the tumor to other parts of the body are called lymph’s. Lymph is a fluid that drains waste from cells and filters unwanted substances such as cancer cells. Isolated or disseminated tumor cells are single or small groups of tumor cells that have been separated from the tumor and can be found in the blood, lymph, or bone marrow. Men have slightly less than 1 in 2 chances that they will develop some type of cancer during their lifetime. Approximately 77% of all cancers are diagnosed in persons aged 55 and older. The most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the US is prostate cancer. ( (Disease)) Symptoms of prostate cancer are as follows, Weak or interrupted flow of urine, Frequent urination (especially at night).Trouble urinating, Pain or burning during urination, Blood in the...
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...A prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is cancer that forms in tissue in that gland, it usually occurs in older men. Cancer comes in forms of tumors, which is an abnormal growth of cells. Malignant tumors are the cancerous tumors of the two different types of tumors. Can cause pain and interfere with normal function, but they can also cause other systems in the body to act abnormally. Malignant tumors can invade nearby groups of cells or tissues, crowding out and destroying normal cells. Sometimes cancer cells can break away from the tumor and travel to other parts of the body. Body fluids that carry cancer cells from the tumor to other parts of the body are called lymph’s. Lymph is a fluid that drains waste from cells and filters unwanted substances such as cancer cells. Isolated or disseminated tumor cells are single or small groups of tumor cells that have been separated from the tumor and can be found in the blood, lymph, or bone marrow. Men have slightly less than 1 in 2 chances that they will develop some type of cancer during their lifetime. Approximately 77% of all cancers are diagnosed in persons aged 55 and older. The most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the US is prostate cancer. ( (Disease)) Symptoms of prostate cancer are as follows, Weak or interrupted flow of urine, Frequent urination (especially at night).Trouble urinating, Pain or burning during urination, Blood in the...
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...Thyroid gland removal Thyroid gland removal is surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid gland. Your thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland that lies over your trachea (the tube that carries air to your lungs). It is just below your voice box. • Total thyroidectomy removes the entire gland. • Subtotal or partial thyroidectomy removes part of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system. It helps your body regulate your metabolism. Description You will have general anesthesia (asleep and pain-free) for this surgery. Rarely, the surgery may be done with local anesthesia and medicine to relax you. You will be awake but pain-free. Your surgeon may do the procedure through a surgical cut in your neck. Why the Procedure is Performed Your doctor may recommend thyroid removal if you have: • A small thyroid growth (nodule or cyst) • A thyroid gland that is so overactive it is dangerous (thyrotoxicosis) • Cancer of the thyroid • Noncancerous (benign) tumors of the thyroid that are causing symptoms • Thyroid swelling (nontoxic goiter) that makes it hard for you to breathe or swallow You may also have surgery if you have an overactive thyroid gland and do not want to have radioactive iodine treatment, or you cannot be treated with antithyroid medicines. These include drugs such as: • Aspirin • Clopidogrel (Plavix) • Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) • Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) • Warfarin (Coumadin) ...
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...once functional bodily organ begins to deteriorate. Many factors can affect this, but one common illness in men is known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. This disease is an inflammation of the prostate, which applies pressure to the bladder making it uncomfortable to urinate, in addition to urgency to frequently use the restroom. If BPH is not controlled it will continue to cause discomfort. Most treatment options consist of medication in shrinking the prostate and controlling the urgency of urination, and a minimally invasive procedure that uses a laser to shrink the prostate in hopes that it will cease to apply pressure and will no longer apply pressure on the bladder. This will hopefully minimize the symptoms and give relief to the sufferer. BPH, is a disease that is not uncommon for men to suffer from as they continue to get older, but with early detection the symptoms and side effects can be controlled. Definition...
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...Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the major health concerns of the public. Worldwide prostate cancer has affected a big portion of the population and has become an issue for many males all around the world. Prostate cancer refers to the malignant growth of glandular cells located in the prostate. At the age of 85, a man is said to have a 1 in 5 chances of developing prostate cancer sometime in their life. Unfortunately Prostate cancer is a disease that does not give any warning signs when it is growing and so the clinical features of prostate are often nonspecific. Patients with prostate cancer have different types of treatment in which they can accept, there can be various methods such as surgery and theraypy toptions. There are several factors that affect an individual’s prognosis (change of recover) given the fact that the natural history of prostate cancer is dependent on the type of cancer, age, and general health of the patient at the time of diagnosis Introduction The role of the prostate is to add vital nutrients and fluid to the sperm. In the male reproductive system, the prostate is the gland that sits just below the bladder. Its position is located in front of the rectum, surrounding itself around the urethra [1]. It is often described as a relatively small walnut size gland whose position is what can later be the cause of many urinary difficulties that may be experience by many males. The reason is that, when the prostate gland enlarges either...
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...Changes Unit 10 assignment The Endocrine System: Diseases and Age Related Changes Unit 10 assignment CUSHING’S DISEASE: Cushing’s disease is when the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic. The pituitary gland is a part of the endocrine system. This is disease is caused by a tumor or hyperplasia of the pituitary gland. The most common cause of this disease is known as adenoma, a benign tumor. With this disease the pituitary gland begins to overproduce ACTH which then causes the body to respond by over producing cortisol. Too much cortisol in the system can interfere with the bodies way of handling inflammation. ADDISON’S DISEASE: Addison’s disease is a chronic endocrine system disease where the adrenal glands don’t produce enough cortisol or aldosterone. Cortisol is the body’s way of handling stress; it also helps break down all of your macronutrients. Aldosterone helps the kidneys regulate the amount of salt and water in the body. There are two types of Addison’s disease; primary adrenal insufficiency which is when the initial problem is with the adrenal glands themselves. The other form is known as secondary adrenal insufficiency which when the adrenal glands are affected by an outside problem. ACROMEGALY: Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder caused when pituitary gland produces too much of a growth hormone during adulthood. Acromegaly is not a common disorder and is not usually noticed for a few years. Because it is not easily recognizable it...
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...Prostate cancer Introduction Prostate cancer is a cancerous tumor in the prostate gland, a small walnut-sized gland in men that makes seminal fluid, which helps carry sperm out of the body. The prostate is located beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine out through the penis. Prostate tumors can be benign or cancerous. With benign tumors, the prostate gets bigger and squeezes the urethra, interrupting the normal flow of urine. This condition, called benign prostate hyperplasia or BPH, is common and not usually life threatening. Prostate cancer -- one of the most common kinds of cancer in men -- can spread beyond the prostate gland and be life threatening. Prostate cancer is the third most common cause of cancer deaths in men of all ages and the most common cause in men over 75 years old. Men younger than 40 don't usually get prostate cancer. Some are at higher risk, including African-American men older than 60, farmers, tire plant workers, painters, and men exposed to cadmium. Most cancerous tumors in the prostate grow slowly and either don't spread or don't cause harm for decades. When caught early, prostate cancer can be treated successfully in more than 90% of cases. Men 50 years old and older should talk to their doctors about being screened for prostate cancer. Signs and Symptoms Many people with prostate cancer have no symptoms at all, especially in the early stages. Some symptoms that may indicate prostate cancer...
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...progresses requiring more advanced or drastic treatment. Screenings tests for the more common cancers such as breast, colon, prostate or cervical can be non-invasive or only slightly invasive. The majority of screening procedures are non-invasive which is more cost effective, patient convenient, and does not require any patient aftercare. Screening tests usually have a recommended age and frequency. As people age there is a higher risk of cancer and more screening is recommended. There are some considerations on whether to screen or not to screen such as; is the cancer common or fatal, are there detectable symptoms, and how reliable are the test results. There are currently two slightly invasive screening tests used to detect prostate cancer. They are the digital rectal exam (DRE) and the prostate-specific antigen blood test (PSA). The DRE is a quick exam that can check the prostates health. A doctor inserts a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the back portion of the prostate for size, irregularity or abnormal areas (www.cancer.gov, 2012). DRE is the only method in which a physician can physically examine the prostate gland. If a doctor does find an irregularity the conclusion is not necessarily prostate cancer, but a reason to pursue diagnosis. “Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by cells of the prostate gland” (National Cancer Institute, 2009). A laboratory will perform a PSA test to measure the amount of PSA in a patient provided blood...
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...THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM JASMIN CAS TABLE OF CONTENTS Task 1- 1.1 | The male reproductive system | | 1.1 | The female reproductive system | | 1.2 | The function of Testosterone, Oestrogen, Progesterone | | 1.3 | The human menstrual cycle | | Task 2 – 2.1 | The diagram of the journey of the sperm cell for fertilization | | 2.1 | The diagram of the journey of egg cell for fertilization | | 2.2 | The process of fertilization and implantation | | 2.3 | Diagram of the early stages of a developing embryo | | 2.4 | The importance of the placenta | | 2.5 | The role of the following hormone during birth and lactation | | | Reference | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Sexual Reproduction Like all living things, humans have to reproduce to ensure the survival of the species. Reproduction is the role of the reproductive system. The female reproductive system lies mainly inside the body, whereas much of the male system is outside the body. Each reproductive system produce special cells, the sex cells called gametes (sperms and eggs). From these gametes, the typical traits of the parents are conveyed to their brood. The genes are the one that stored the hereditary information on the chromosomes...
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...Barbara DeRubeis-Witt Prostate Cancer In the year 2013 there have been 238,590 new cases and 29,720 deaths in the United States from men receiving Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer is a serious disease that is treatable and preventable. The cancer is a disease that is not taken seriously and most men feel that they could get the disease. Men can receive Prostate Cancer many different ways at any given moment. In this research paper I will discuss Prostate Cancer treatment, symptoms of Prostate Cancer, genetics of Prostate Cancer, and the statistics Prostate Cancer has many ways to cure the disease and many different ways to possibly treat the disease on a day to day basis if not cured. Some treatments are standard and some are tested in clinical trials. Treatments that are tested in a clinical trial are researched to help improve current treatments or obtain information on newly tested treatments for all patients. There are many different ways to treat prostate cancer such as radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy and radical prostatectomy. Radiation therapy is a treatment that uses high energy x-rays or different types of radiation to kill cancer cells. The way that radiation therapy is given depends on the type of cancer and stage of the cancer is being treated. Most men that are treated with radiation therapy for prostate cancer will have an increased risk of having bladder...
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...system: in hospitals, clinics, surgery rooms. Medical mistakes can arise from doctors, nurses, surgeons, hospital administration, and many others. Medical errors affect the health care organizational structure, culture, and social in many ways. Medication errors have severe direct and indirect effects on health care organizational structure, and culture is usually the outcome of breakdowns in a system of care. Many reasons can involve in medical errors such as, miscommunication of drug order, mistakes made in medication, surgery, similar medication names, and laboratory results. Dr. Gray D.Kao treated Ricardo for his prostate cancer; it is a common surgical procedure: doctor implants dozens of radioactive seeds in the prostate gland to attack the disease, but Dr. Kio implant most of the seeds, 40 in all, inserted in healthy bladder, instead in prostate. According to federal rules, regulation it was a serious mistake. Dr. Kio performs another surgery on Ricardo to make his mistake clear second time but he failed in second seed implant too. No one reported this second mistake. Ricardo was still in so much pain, and suspicious about that still something wrong in his body. Doctors then prescribed narcotics. “It was just a succession of painkiller after painkiller after painkiller, and it got to the point where I said, ‘I don’t want any more morphine,’ ” Pastor Flippin said. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission; and the joint commission (a group that accredited the hospitals), they...
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