...the protections afforded to unique works and their creators here at home. Research was conducted using web-based resources made accessible to the public by prestigious universities such as UC Berkley and Cornell. The findings revealed a substantial legal framework of protection for authors, creators, and inventors of industrial, literary, scientific, and artistic works. Rights Protected by Intellectual Property Law Intellectual property refers to creations of the human mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Exclusive rights protect the intellectual property and owners under corresponding categories of law. This law encompasses the legalities of copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, and trade secrets. Legal property rights are defensible in a court of law, and are further defined by article 9 on the Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C). To expand on creations of the human mind, intellectual property is further broken down into two categories: industrial rights and copyright protection. Industrial property encompasses the likes of inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source. Copyright provides protection for literary and artistic works such as novels, plays and poems, film, musical works, artistic works like drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and architectural...
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...Ch05 ControlSys-4e-A&S 03-21, 03-22-2013 Chapter 5 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS REVIEW QUESTIONS 5.1 What is industrial control? Answer: As defined in the text, industrial control is the automatic regulation of unit operations and their associated equipment as well as the integration and coordination of the unit operations in the larger production system. 5.2 What is the difference between a continuous variable and a discrete variable? Answer: A continuous variable is one that is uninterrupted as time proceeds, and it is generally considered to be analog, which means it can take on any value within a certain range. A discrete variable is one that can take on only certain values within a given range, such as on or off. 5.3 Name and briefly define each of the three types of discrete variables. Answer: The three types of discrete variables are (1) binary, (2) discrete other than binary, and (3) pulse data. Binary means the variable can take on either of two possible values, ON or OFF, open or closed, and so on. Discrete variables other than binary are variables that can take on more than two possible values but less than an infinite number. Pulse data consist of a series of pulses and each pulse can be counted. 5.4 What is the difference between a continuous control system and a discrete control system? Answer: A continuous control system is one in which the variables and parameters are continuous and analog. A discrete control system is one...
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...Intellectual Property Rights And Protection Benefits 3 3. Intellectual Property Categories 4 3.1. Industrial Property 4 3.2. Copyright 7 4. Brief History of IP Law in Malaysia 8 4.1. Intellectual Property Issues In Malaysia 9 5. Business Responsibility in Intellectual Property 11 5.1. IP Help to Keep Your Ideas 12 5.2. IP Protects Business Growth 12 5.3. It’s Easier Than You Think 12 5.4. IP associated with a business 13 6. Positive Impacts of IP on Business Development and Growth 13 7. Negative Impacts of IP on Business Development and Growth 14 8. Benefiting from Intellectual Property Rights 16 9. Conclusions 16 Reference Intellectual Property (IP) – An Overview In general terms, intellectual property is any product of the human intellect that the law protects from unauthorized use by others. The ownership of intellectual property inherently creates a limited monopoly in the protected property. The products of the human intellect that comprise the subject matter of intellectual property are typically characterized as non-rivalrous public goods. Essentially, this means that the same product may be used simultaneously by more than one person without diminishing the availability of that product for use by others. In the words of Thomas Jefferson: "If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps...
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...may arise in concern to a patient’s privacy. There were no specific laws years ago that protected a patients privacy and rights. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) which was signed in August of 1996 which became a law under President Bill Clinton (Physicians Billing Associates International, 2006). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act includes provisions for: health insurance portability, tax- related provisions, fraud and abuse control, revenue and offset provisions, group health plan requirements, and administrative simplification requirements (Physicians Billing Associates International, 2006). The HIPPA act was put into place as a standard law used to protect a patient’s personal health and medical records nationwide. This act was created to help health care workers to keep better control of a patient’s personal information. HIPPA has a privacy rule that concerns an individual’s health plans; the rule helps to provide health care workers information that would be needed to transmit an individual’s vision, health, prescription, and any other type of medical information safely. This essay will discuss how Rite Aid pharmacy informs customers of how his or her personal information is disclosed and how he or she is protected against violations of their rights, ensuring customers that his or her information will continue to remain to stay protected and that the HIPPA privacy laws are continued to be followed. As well as the law suit...
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...Justification of Protection of Intellectual Property vis-a-vis Trade Secrets PAPER V Submitted By: SARTHAK KAPILA ROLL NO. 48, P.G.D.,I.P.R. – 2014 Justification of Protection of Intellectual Property vis-a-vis Trade Secrets Intellectual property pertains to any original creation of human intellect such as artistic, literally, technical or scientific creation. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) refers to the legal rights given by the State to the inventor/creator to protect his invention/creation for a certain period of time. These legal rights confer an exclusive right to the inventor/creator or his assignee to fully utilize his invention/creation for a given period of time. Countries have laws to protect intellectual property for two main reasons. One is to give statutory expression to the moral and economic rights of creators in their creations and the rights of the public in access to those creations. The second is to promote, as a deliberate act of Government policy, creativity and the dissemination and application of its results and to encourage fair trading which would contribute to economic and social development. The term ‘Intellectual Property’, denotes rights over intangible object of the person whose mental effort created it and refers to a loose cluster of legal doctrines that regulate the uses of different sorts of ideas and insignias. The subject matter of intellectual property is very wide and includes literary and artistic works, films, computer...
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...Michael Salmon postulates “industrial relations encompass a set of phenomena, operating both within and outside the workplace, concerned with determining and regulating the employment relationship”. J.T. Dunlop states “Industrial relations are the complex interrelations among managers, workers and agencies of the government” Industrial Relation can arguably be viewed as the “Cinderella” branch or aspect of management, which overtime has emerged with its own high degree of importance. Many reasons surround the emergence of industrial relations as a subject matter and operational activity, both at the organizational level and academic level. Such as, the cost associated with disruptions and dislocations in production processes and systems over time as results of misunderstanding and mishandling of industrial conflict. In industrial relations, there are concepts (abstract ideas) which require subjective, value judgements (based on moral and ethics) for which there are no universally accepted criteria. Some of these concepts are; fairness/equity, power/authority, individualism/collectivism, rights/responsibilities and integrity/trust. The term fairness in relation to IR allows the worker to challenge the decisions of the employer when they believe they are being treated unfairly. Equity on the other hand requires the employer to treat right with right. The concept of Fairness/Equity has always been raising eyebrows with questions like; A fair day’s wages for a fair day’s work...
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...copied or imitated by others for a period of time. It become one of the most important issues in international relations today and the future because, we are now in a globalized world with borderless information and trends. We will definitely be affected whether we want it or not, in terms of using information from the internet, designs, pictures, books and etc. We should know that people’s works can’t be taken whatsoever; there are limitations and regulations on how we use their works. For example, if we take phrases or data from a book or article, we need to insert their name, their book/article title, so-called as bibliography and footnotes. It’s one of the acts not to be a plagiary or violate their IPR or copyright their owned. Today’s actions and issues will determine the future. Nevertheless, IPR in the globalized world now is at risk, if today we can’t event protect our own works, the future will follow that our works will definitely will be followed and there will be no innovation made. How can we develop when there’s no innovation at all? How can a developing country become one step ahead than others when he has no protection on his own jobs that is needed in order to be the one with the works that the other people can only dream of? The answer will be depending on each individual and state’s policy in handling the IPR issues. 4). It’s a conditional matter of boosting economic and trade growth. One can’t say that IPR will not benefit the given country or will benefit, but...
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...Industrial Law An Executive summary: This report has sought to address a number of claims that trade unions in Armisteel Pty Ltd have made that are supposed to be included in the union and organization’s agreement. The report has examined the procedure that the unions should take in the event that it wants to take industrial action as well as the barriers that the unions are going to face. The main purpose of writing this report is to address major legal issues that have been presented by employees to the organization. Armisteel Pty Ltd is a leading manufacturing industry business that is characterized by high levels of union activities within the organization. The unions include AMFKIU, WTU and WAU. The report is going to look into the committee’s wish that the new agreement maintain existing award provisions that had already been provided by a federal award back in 1988. The report is mainly motivated by a number of claims that have been made by the unions and will seek to address their legality to the fullness of the law. The unions are also seeking to take industrial action id their claims are not met by the organization. Introduction: The significance of writing this report is to address and offer recommendations to the joint union committee as well as the recently appointed General Manager on the legality of some of the issues that have been presented by the workers unions. The joint union committee is mainly concerned about major changes that affect industrial laws...
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... * 1 * 2 * 15 | Major employment laws | 100% | * 3 * 4 * 5 | Fundamental Features of the U.S. Industrial Relations System (Six Factors) | 100% | * 6 * 7 * 8 | Three General Types of Third-Party Involvement in a Bargaining Impasse | 100% | * 9 * 10 * 11 | Forms of Nonunion Grievance Procedures | 100% | * 12 * 13 * 14 | Concept: Employment at Will Mastery : | 100% | Questions : | * 1 * 2 * 15 | Materials on the concept: * Employment at Will ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form 1. According to _____, an employee may not be fired because he or she refuses to commit an illegal act, such as perjury or price fixing. * A. public policy exception * B. social learning theory * C. retaliatory discharge * D. lifestyle discriminate Bottom of Form Correct : Public policy exception protects the employee from being terminated for not committing illegal acts under the direction of management or other employees. State courts developed this policy as one of three that protect employees from being terminated and claiming employment at will for not doing what management has directed an employee to do when it relates to illegal activity. Materials * Employment at Will ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form 2. A worker being fired for actions ranging from filing a workers’ compensation claim to reporting safety violations...
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...1] Contract labor system * A workman is deemed to be employed as Contract Labor when he is hired in connection with the work of an establishment by or through a contractor. Contract workmen are indirect employees; persons who are hired, supervised and remunerated by a contractor who, in turn, is compensated by the establishment. * 3. Contract labor should not be employed where (a) The work is perennial and must go on from day to day;(b) The work is incidental to and necessary for the work of the factory;(c) The work is sufficient to employ considerable number of whole time workmen; and (d) The work is being done in most concerns through regular workmen. * 4. The Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 Act and the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Central Rules, 1971 came into force on 10.2.71 * 5. Main objective of the Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 is two fold:-i) To regulate the employment of Contract Labour in certain establishments; andii) To provide for its abolition in certain circumstances. In order to achieve above objectives, the Act lays down various requirements with regard to hiring of Contract Labour, its wages & earnings, working conditions etc. * Every Every industry engaging 20 or more workers on contract basis.6. contractor engaging 20 or more workers. * Contract is awarded by the concerned department /commercial7. Concerned deptt. send a job request to the purchase deptt.department...
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...maintaining capacity to meet the needs of future generations. Conservation includes both the protection and rational use of natural resources. Earth's natural resources are either nonrenewable, such as minerals, oil, gas, and coal, or renewable, such as water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops. The combination of growing populations and increasing levels of resource consumption is degrading and depleting the natural resource base. The world's population stood at 850 million at the onset of the industrial age. The global population has grown to nearly seven times as large (6 billion), and the level of consumption of resources is far greater. This human pressure now exceeds the carrying capacity of many natural resources. Nonrenewable resources, such as fossil fuels, are replaced over geologic time scales of tens of millions of years. Human societies will eventually use up all of the economically available stock of many nonrenewable resources, such as oil. Conservation entails actions to use these resources most efficiently and thereby extend their life as long as possible. By recycling aluminum, for example, the same piece of material is reused in a series of products, reducing the amount of aluminum ore that must be mined. Similarly, energy-efficient products help to conserve fossil fuels since the same energy services, such as lighting or transportation, can be attained with smaller amounts of fuel. See Human ecology It may be expected that the biggest challenge of resource...
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...Practices for Fire Safety (ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION) T.R.A. Krishnan SUBSTATION LAYOUT INDOOR Oil capacity inside oil filled equipment individual or aggregate 2,300litres or above. • Detached and shall be at least 6 m away from the surrounding buildings and/or occupancies. • If within 6 m - Single Fire Proof Doors for facing wall openings and 6 mm thick wired glass for facing window openings of substation. • Attached substations - 350 mm thick brick or 230 mm RCC common wall carried upto the roof with Single Fire Proof Door in wall openings -contd- SUBSTATION LAYOUT INDOOR • If attached Substation supplies power to Fire Pumps, common wall shall be a Perfect Party Wall (PPW) with Double Fire Proof Doors in the openings. • Separating walls [355 mm] required between transformers, carried 600 mm above the highest point if aggregate oil capacity is 2,300 liters or above. If fire pump supply is tapped from the transformer(s), walls are compulsory irrespective of oil contents. SUBSTATION LAYOUT INDOOR Oil Soak Pits to be if the oil capacity litres or above. Oil Soak Pits to be at least 2.5 m away Substation. provided is 2,300 provided from the SUBSTATION LAYOUT [OUTDOOR] If individual or aggregate oil capacity is 2,300 liters or above - to be located 6 m away from any building. Alternatively, external wall facing the transformers be a blank wall. Separating distances between the transformers are required as follows: * 2,300 upto 5,000 litres...
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...damage to the ecosystem certain areas are protected by different laws and regulations. These protections are known as Marine Protected Areas or MPA’s and apply to certain areas to ensure that things can be changed to protect the marine life and the area that is being affected. The human impact on coastal zones can be severe and is what leads to the enactment of MPA’s. An understanding will be developed of what are Marine Protected Areas, how humans interfere with coastal zones, and how Marine Protected Areas can limit the human interference especially in the Atlantic Ocean. This knowledge will develop the information needed to prevent human problems in the Atlantic Ocean and to continue to further enhance all Marine Protected Areas. Importantly, understanding the difference between what MPA’s are and are not is critical. Marine Protected Areas are not exactly as their name states they are somewhat different. The range of the Marine Protected Areas goes from very strict restrictions to recreational restrictions that can vary in all aspects. “In reality, ‘marine protected area’ is a term that encompasses a variety of conservation and management methods in the United States.” (National Marine Protected Areas Center 2013). The legislation on an area can include full restriction to the area from all human contact or can be limited restriction based on the activity, such as scuba diving, kayaking, or leisure travel only. The Marine Protected Areas are located mainly in the southern...
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...The reform of the FIC from 1911 to 1915 was the epitome of ambivalence that the progressive labor reforms had. In order to improve the living conditions of underprivileged workers emerged with the Triangle Fire, the FIC gathered the public opinions of both the immigrant female workers who had strong working class consciousness and progressive reformers who sought a way to innovate industrial society, then converted them into actual reforms. As a consequence, it resulted in enacting a number of legislation to protect the physical and mental health of the working class, especially those of female and child workers who were in the most vulnerable positions. Nevertheless, the labor reform of the FIC should not be judged solely as the positive successes...
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...from law governing markets Is it difficult to uphold labour law? and law of internal market? Balance the two? Introduction Balance the application of the EU's free movement rules (in particular the right to work and provide services in another member state) with the maintenance of different national social systems How will these freedoms affect trade union rights such as the right to collective action and collective bargaining? For a long time there has been a tendancy to look upon the EC as a guarantor of labour and social rights (particularly by the UK) Globalisation poses threats to national protection of labour law. Creates pressure for race to the bottom. So, supranational action is needed to defeat this pressure (justification for ILO) In the topography of the common economic aims ,there will always be upstream struggle from social/labour protection EC seemed to deny it legislative competence in the field of industrial action. Said that this neutrality was a façade There can be tension between four freedoms and industrial action Some people say that these cases signify an end to social Europe and pose a...
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