...1. Sensation is a perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body condition. Perception is recognition and interpretation of sensory stimuli based chiefly on memory with the neurological processes by which such recognition and interpretation are affected. The function of a neuron is to transmit a signal at a very fast rate. The function of the entire nervous system is to provide a system that allows for signals to be transmitted quickly from one specific location to another. I think they are related because they all work with the nervous system in the same way. 2. Experimental design is a branch of statistics that attempts to outline the way in which experiments should be carried out so the data gathered will have statistical value. With correlation designs is a type of research design in which patterns of correlations are analyzed. Correlation designs do not show cause and effect. They only show how likely two things are. Experimental designs are created in order to display cause and effect. 3. Three differences in the theory of Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis and the theory of Ivan Pavlov and behaviorism. One reason is that Psychoanalysis would look at the childhood and unconscious. And one reason for behaviorism is behaviorism looks at the stimulus and consequences to the behavior. The second reason is that Sigmund use different techniques that used were free association, dream analysis, transference, and resistance and par praxes....
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...Operant conditioning * The BA – we learn through the consequences of our actions * This is based on the principle of association. Classical conditioning * We learn through reinforcement and punishment * Pavlov showed through his research with dogs that if two stimuli are presented at the same time * Example food and sound of bell and this happens repeatedly then they become associated with each other * Reinforcement can be positive or negative. Positive reinforcement is where we receive a reward for our behaviour * Negative reinforcement is where we manage to avoid something unpleasant happening * Through this process, we can learn new responses to environmental stimuli as the behaviourist approach says all behaviour is learned The SLT would consider how children could learn aggression both directly and indirectly. * For example a child may be given attention for throwing a temper tantrum, and this is positively reinforcing for them as it act as a reward (learn aggression directly). SLT mainly would focus on how children would learn aggression from seeing others (indirect learning). * For example a child may observe their older sibling having a tantrum and receiving sweets from their mum to pacify them. Due to vicarious reinforcement, the younger child will think that if they behave like this too, they will also receive sweets. This is known as observational learning/modelling. Studies carried out...
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...The Origins of Psychology A. The Definition of Psychology – the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. B. The Influence of Philosophy and Phsiology – the earliest origins of psychology can be traced back several centuries to the writings of the great philosophers. C. Wihelm Wundt Founder of Psychology—use scientific method to study fundamental psychological processes. Founder of pshyc. German opened the 1st building for psychology in germany. D. Edward B. Titchener: Structuralism – Astablish the 1st major school of thought called structuralism. E. William James: Functionalism – school of functionalism adapt to environment stressed how we learned. F. Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis – Most concept there of pshy. Father of psychonaly is study of unconice with sex and aggression. G. John B. Watson: Behaviorism – emerged as a dominating force. Emphasis on consciousness promoted by structuralism and functionalism. (Behaviorism – school of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes the study of observable behaviors, especially as they pertain to the process of learning) H. Carl Rogers: Humanistic Psychology – good self a steam tell them they can be anything. Study concent experience develop human potential humanism (Humanistic psychology – School of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes each person’s unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction). Contemporary Psychology A. Major Perspectives in...
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