...Research Methods To determine how one would analyze research methods for uncovering basic emotions, one must first understand what the basic emotions consist. Deckers stated, “Psychologists have classified emotions into basic categories” (2010, p. 315). The three basic theories of human emotions are category analysis evolution theory and facial expressions. The evolutionary theory and facial expressions theory will be discussed. Evolutionary Theory Evolutionary. Within the research method of evolution theory, is how emotions influence human and animal survival. This theory identifies eight emotions that correlate to functions required for the continued survival of the species in question. For instance, an emotion of one’s fear aids protection of a species as it provokes running to safety, thus promoting survival. Within the evolution theory these eight emotions, which are crucial for survival, include reproduction, incorporation, orientation, reintegration, fear, destruction, exploration, and rejection (Deckers, 2010). Another example is in some young animals have a response, which makes them freeze. This response is triggered by fear if the animal feels threatened by predators. The animal will immediately stop all movement and freeze in place making it harder for a predator to track their movements (Deckers, 2010). This type of behavior is also seen in humans threatened by danger, some will become almost catatonic in a state of shock unable to move talk or follow simple...
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...Week 3 Paper PSY 355 Dr. Brenya Bucholski Week 3 Paper The human organism is amazing and its complexity goes beyond the tangible body itself. The cognitive functions are so fascinating to consider; the ability to emote, reason, and make decisions have drawn many into the search for a better understanding of the mind. The mind-body dualism theory is a theory that argues that the mind, also referred to as the soul, and the body are distinct from each other. This is highly regarded in many religions, such as Hinduism, that believes in reincarnation. Reincarnation requires the mind to be independent of the body and free to flow from one body to another in life after life. As psychology continues to develop as a science and with the advancements in scientific technology it brings to question how our psyche functions within this organism. Consider motivation. Does the body, specifically the brain, operate our motivation? I want to look into the motivation to exercise. What are the functions taking place that will drive a person to make the decision to exercise? Is this a function of the mind, the body, or a combination of both? Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a great model to illustrate the interactive nature of our mind and body. It is also a good flow chart to point out some differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. In psychology, the terms intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are common. Intrinsic motivation is essentially the personal satisfaction of an achievement...
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...Motivation and the Brain | AbstractIn this paper I will talking about how a person can refrain using drugs. And how drugs can affect the human brain structures and the functions. Jennifer Shumate PSY 355 | Motivation and the Brain | AbstractIn this paper I will talking about how a person can refrain using drugs. And how drugs can affect the human brain structures and the functions. Jennifer Shumate PSY 355 | Motivation and the Brain Jennifer Shumate PSY/355 June 22, 2015 Christopher Crimson Motivation and the Brain Introduction When I comes to refraining from using illegal drugs, smoking and or alcohol it can be a hard task for anyone. But motivation is the key to get things done. Even if it is refraining from using illegal drugs or remaining in treatment to stay off the illegal drugs. Motivation is what is required to complete the basic tasks to be able to keep the body strong and from any kind of destruction. However this also consist of the brain. Though out my paper, we will being viewing the brain assemblies and the purposes that is affected when someone is using drugs. We will also be looking at the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that can help a person refrain from drug use, and we will also be looking at the genetic and environmental issues that it take to be able to get treatment. Brain structures and Functions Neuroscience and...
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...Sources of Motivation xxxxxxxxxxxx PSY/355 Jxxxx 9, xxxxx xxxxxxxx, Ph.D. Motivation is the drive that moves an individual into action. Motivation comes from several sources such as biological, psychological or external. Motivation affects behavior in many ways. This essay will define motivation, identify the sources of motivation, describe the relationship between motivation and behavior, and explain how behavior displays motivation. According to “Collins Dictionary of Sociology” (2006) the description of motivation is emotional, such as love, or it may involve the cognitive appraisal of a situation”. Motivation is a psychological and biological urge or impulse that enables an individual to act towards a desired goal, intention, or course of activity. It is goal based behavior that is the catalyst or reason for an action or change of action. The sources of motivation can be biological, psychological or external. The biological component of motivation is associated with the physical needs of the body and mind that stimulate behavior such as hunger, thirst, sleep, sex or pain. One example of this is physiological and chemical changes in hormones that signal hunger. The more this signal increases, the more one is impelled to do something that will relieve the feeling of hunger. Psychological aspects of motivation can be measured by the use of scales and questionnaires that measure the...
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...Naseba Sumrein Psy 2.MWF 11/03/17 Peer Review Title of article: Eating symptomatology and general psychopathology in patients with anorexia nervosa from China, UK and Spain : A cross cultural study examining the role of social attitudes. Author(s): Zaid Aguera, Nicola Brewin, Jue Chen,...
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...Defining Motivation PSY/355 February 11, 2013 Gavin G. Coriell, M.S. Ed What is motivation? Motivation is what drives one to do something. Motivation is how one is able to achieve a goal, a task, desire, or necessary action to obtain a reward, incentive, or a self gratification. Motivation is a behavior that drives someone to perform an action or strives to change an action. Motivation is individually based as each individual has different desires, motives, and incentives as to what motivates them into their personal goals, personal needs and self-gratification. Human’s motivation is determined as a behavior in which one has to perform a certain behavior to receive a result in either the terms of a goal, an accomplishment or a necessary need. If one is hungry they get up and get something to eat; if one hears music they find catchy they begin to bob their head or sing with music/song lyrics or even hum to the notes. The motivations in these two examples are the motivation to eat to satisfy hunger. The motivation for bobbing the head, singing or humming to music is the satisfaction of enjoyment or the encouragement to dance a feeling of pleasure associated with the behavior of motivation. In motivation there are several sources in which motivation initiates from. Right now there are 20 students taking this class; Motivational Process in Human Psychology the goal or achievement is to obtain a Bachelors Degree in Psychology, however the reasons for obtaining...
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...Running head: Motivation 1 Motivation PSY-355 February 3, 2014 Paul Knoll Motivation 2 Motivation Everything a person does is driven by some type of motive. Deckers (2010) states that motivation is to be moved into action, or to decide on a change in action. Motivation directs a person toward their goals. For example a person returning to school is motivated to earn a degree so they are qualified for a better career. There are many reasons behind someone returning to school and the reasons they go and keep them motivated are different. A person’s behavior and emotions are affected by motivation. People who run marathons run them for different reasons some run for health, some for fun and some to raise money for a cause. Whatever the reason the person running is being motivated for one reason or another to finish the race. A person who finds out they have a health issues may be motivated to change their outlook on life as a whole. They may start eating better and exercising more. This is where the push and pull metaphor comes in. A person is pushed to eat but they are pulled in the direction to make the right choices in the food they eat. Tosca Reno (2008) stated “necessity is the mother of all invention it’s true, but fear can be a wonderful motivator as well.” This person was scared of their health issues and made the changes for the better because they were driven by fear. Deckers (2010) states the word emotion is like the word...
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...Motivation Carlos Aguinaga PSY/355 September 09, 2013 Henry Hernandez Motivation Motivation plays a large role in just about all aspects of life, from wanting to get up and workout to wanting to sit down and finish schoolwork. The proper motivation can inspire people to do their best and the lack of motivation can keep people from doing their job to their full potential. Motivation defined Merriam-Webster defines Motivation as the act or process of giving someone a reason for doing something: the act or process of motivating someone (Merriam-Webster, 2013). So motivation is something that a person feels makes them want to get in motion to accomplish certain tasks by using different sources to spark interest. A motivation is the “process by which a person is moved into action. Motivation can originate from internal sources, described as biological and psychological variables, and from external sources, such as incentives and goals” (Deckers, 2010, Pg. 1). Motivation Sources There are internal and external sources to what motivates people. Internal sources state that it is who or what the person is that will determine their motivating factors. “A persons biological attributes and psychological dispositions determine what will be motivating” (Deckers, 2010, Pg. 8). The biological variable refers to what the body needs in order to survive. For example, if your brain tells you that you are hungry that will usually motivate someone enough...
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...Motivation PSY/355 Sources of Motivation Motivation can be one of two influences, internal or external. It makes an individual move in a particular direction or take action. There are either positive or negative motivations, which cause positive or negative effects. A positive motivation is pleasurable or rewarding effect on someone, where negative motivation can lead to something painful. Being positively motivated can be many things mainly it is makes an individual feel good. An example of positive motivation would be parents telling their kids that if they get good grades they would let them pick the next family trip. An example of a negative motivation would be criticized by your boss about your work while they aren’t doing anything would make you do less work and not respond well to them. Biological and psychological motives are two sources of motivation. Biological needs motivate humans to behave a certain way. The most important biological needs are hunger, thirst and human connections to others, which motivates humans to seek and find food and water. Both food and water are important to human survival. For example the need for comfort for an individual who is too hot or cold will change t the temperature in the room. Psychological needs are the motivation to belong in groups in society. The psychological need to be happy can also include the need to make others happy. A student goes to class and is psychologically motivated to...
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...Sources of Motivation Paper Kellie Dahl PSY/355 March 30, 2015 Tracy Christian-Cruz Sources of Motivation Paper “I think I can, I think I can” this common phrase is usually heard when trying to get motivation flowing. This is just one small part of motivation and where it comes from. By defining motivation, learning where it comes from, how it relates to behavior, and how behavior can affect motivation, one can learn to be at the “I think I can” step of being motivated. Motivation is, by definition; the act or instance of motivating, the desire to do; interest or drive (Collins English Dictionary, 10th ed.). This definition is very broad and can be interpreted in many ways. To break it down lets look at the act of being motivated, which is said to be moving into action or deciding on a change in action according to the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1841-1960). He believed that actions were not spontaneous in nature but were induced by motives or incentives (Deckers, 2010). A motive is a person’s internal disposition to be concerned with and approach positive incentives and avoid negative incentives, while an incentive is the anticipated reward or adverse event available within the environment. These two are linked because receiving an incentive is the goal of a motive (Deckers, 2010). One good example commonly used to describe this is being hungry; hunger is the motive for getting something to eat. Since our motivation comes from events that move us from...
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...Motivation and the Brain Paper Due: April 29, 2013 Psy/355 Motivation and the Brain Paper Certain nutrients have been found in scientific literature to support the structural and functional health of the brain, and the nessessary componets in protecting against brain related diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's (Hall, 2011). Several parts of the brain initiates, and maintains motivation that engages in healthy eating. Some researchers say that evolutionary factors come into play. Factors like reinforcements of endorphins and serotonin activity producing the fullness and well-being feelings after eating (Stone, 2011). If one tries denying these reinforcing experiences, this causes difficulty maintaining a stablized diet. According to Psychological musings, factors such as biological, and enviornmental influences help in the implecation of new, and specific behavior like maintaining a healthy diet (Stone, 2011). To maintain continual motivation in healthy eating there are many brain structures that do contribute. Brain structures that maintain the motivation for healthy eating are the limbic system, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and the amygdala. These structures together form new memories, regulate emotions that maintain positive attitudes about considered diet changes (Stone, 2011). The limbic system is linked with reward, and motivation. This system has a very important role in healthy eating. This allows the...
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...The Emotions of Us Team B August 5, 2014 University of Phoenix PSY/355 One very popular method for uncovering basic emotions is through facial expressions. From the moment we are born we demonstrate emotion through facial expressions. In babies, it is very important that they are able to demonstrate their feelings through facial expressions. There are many different kinds of emotions that every human being experiences during certain situations. Some emotions would be anger, sadness, fear, happiness, love, surprise, anxiety, amongst many others. Facial expressions make it very simple to be able to notice what kind of emotion the individual is going through. Babies are unable to communicate by speech or bodily gestures when they are born or in their first years of life, therefore it is very important for people to be able to associate the baby’s facial expression to their emotion. When a baby is sad they will make a certain facial expression letting the parents know something is wrong. Same goes if the baby was in pain, hungry, or tired. Because kids and adults are able to speak and communicate both through speech and body language, it might make it seem as if facial expressions were no longer needed to know how someone is feeling, but in research it is still very important. For example, a doctor would be able to tell if his patient is in pain or afraid even if they do not want to let the doctor know something is wrong just by the patient’s facial expression. Social workers...
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...Arousal, Behavior, Stress, and Affect Worksheet Psy/355 9/28/2014 1. What are the differences between physiological and psychological needs? Provide examples of each in your response. According to Marketing MiMi. hu. (n.d.), physiological needs are the “innate human feelings of deprivation related to an individual’s well-being” (Para. 1). These are things such as air, food, heat, water, shelter, and the primary needs of the necessities of life and survival. These needs are greatest of concern for human life and will be the first needs of the individual that is satisfied. Marketing MiMi. hu. Psychological needs (n.d.) also sates the psychological needs are the “innate human feelings of deprivation related to an individual’s mental well-being” (Para.1). Individuals and psychologists value the following as crucial to happiness and health of humans. Needs such as acceptance, education, belonging, family, friendship, happiness, honesty, love, pride, reputation, respect, safety, security, self-esteem, success, trust, and self-actualization. Maslow would develop the hierarchy of needs in 1943. His pyramid would start at the bottom with physiological needs, then safety, love/belonging, esteem, and the tip would be self-actualization. The most basic of needs would show the representation at the base of the pyramid. The differences with physiological and psychological needs are obvious to humans. If people do not meet their physiological needs, the individual would not meet its requirement...
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...Arousal, Behavior, Stress, and Affect Paper Lauretha Morris PSY 355 January 24, 2012 It is necessary to understand the difference between physiological and psychological needs due to the changing in our environment. There is a close behavior pattern between the brain structure and motivation behavior that is very helpful in understanding the habits which are formed to be unhealthy to individuals. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs postulates that the needs of a person are organized into an ascending structure, going from lower physiological needs to the needs of safety, belongingness, esteem, and self- actualization (Deckers, 2005). The difference between physiological and psychological needs is that physiological is physical and it tends to deal with our thought processes and the way that the brain works. A cognitive neuroscience and focuses on the branch of biology dealing with functions and the activities of living organisms and their parts which include all the physical and chemical processes are what physiological psychology is known as. Something such as a drug, a physiological reaction would often refer to how the body physically reacts. Organisms, organ systems, organs, cell and bio molecules carry...
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...Motivation and the Brain Judith Alvarez PSY/355 November 26, 2012 Steve Northam Motivation and the Brain Motivation is driven by reward. Whether it is a promotion, a paycheck, good grades or recognition, there is a part of the brain that fires up when there is a reward. The portion of the brain that fires up when there is reward is located in the limbic system portion of the brain. It is here in the limbic system where the brain controls and regulates the ability to feel pleasure. It is like a chain reaction- a particular behavior leads to a reward, which leads to a feeling of pleasure, which motivates us to repeat the particular behavior that led to a reward, which led to that feeling of pleasure, and so on and so on. When all of this is going on, it is the limbic system that is activated. The limbic system also regulates our emotions, both good and bad ones. The two structures of the limbic system are amygdala and the hippocampus. They both play important roles in memory. The amygdala determines what memories are stored and where they are stored within the brain. This determination is based upon the response that is brought up during the memory. The hippocampus sends memories out to the correct parts of the brain, for long term storage of memories. The hippocampus is also responsible for recovering those memories when necessary. Motivation for Drug Use Drugs have the ability to literally change a person’s brain. Excessive drug use can shrink a hippocampus...
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