...Starting from a biological perspective, it is possible to analyze the human brain in terms of its very low-level characteristics. We know that the brain is comprised of billions of neurons that communicate messages by altering the balance of certain chemicals at connections between the neurons called synapses. These neurons combine in an indescribably complicated web to maintain and communicate signals around the brain and the broader nervous system. Zooming out, these neurons are organized into numerous different systems within the brain itself. We consider these organizations in terms of two elements: hemispheres and lobes. The brain has two hemispheres (left and right), and four primary lobes: the temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and frontal lobe. The brain is a remarkably complicated organ, but biologically that organization describes its overall structure. In order to analyze the brain further, it is important to consider it in terms of its functions. For example, different lobes take care of different conscious and subconscious processes. There are specific areas of the brain devoted to language, motor skills, reasoning, memory, and numerous other categories. However, there exists a strong disconnect between our biological knowledge of the brain and our psychological knowledge of the brain. We know its structure and some general categories of what portions of the structure correspond to what behaviors, but we lack a true understanding of how the brain actually...
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...Valena Shepard Psy/300 Jennifer Murphy July 12, 2015 Classical conditioning The definition of Phobia is fear, although that is true to a certain extent. There is understanding as of why people are scared of certain things. Understandings fall into two categories which are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. My example would be, remembering when I was a small child during the fourth of July I was always told the fireworks could be very dangerous so be careful, then I saw some light a firework and it blew up in there hand I was terrified of any kind of fireworks after that and always stayed away. Even till this day I would only watch the fireworks the city displays making sure my children and I were clear from any harm fireworks to cause. This year at the city firework celebration I witnessed the show go bad with at least 10 fireballs because of a glitch with the system. I left and went to a friend’s house only to witness a wire being shot down by a firework, so I know I will never get over this phobia and I really can’t understand how anyone could believe that any fireworks are safe yet people still spend millions of dollars every year. This is my example of classical conditioning. Operant conditioning Addictions are when a person is being dependent on a substance or activity and the can be developed through operant conditioning. Growing up as a child, my mother used to drink beer all the time and she would tell people that her doctor prescribed...
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...Life Span Development & Personality Haley Clover PSY/300 February 25, 2013 Kaisa Freeman Life Span Development & Personality The individual I chose to do my life span development and personality paper on is Marilyn Monroe. I have always been very fascinated with Marilyn Monroe. She is an American icon but did not lead the life of glam and glory that she led people to believe. Inside she was a very troubled, sad and insecure woman. In this paper I am going to explore the personality and background of Marilyn Monroe from the viewpoint of developmental psychology. In my exploration of Marilyn Monroes’ background and how I can point out what impacted the young stars life from the viewpoint of developmental psychology I will focus on the influences of her heredity and environment. As well as what family and social support systems influenced Marilyn Monroes’ developmental growth and adjustments. I will also address two different theories of personality I have tied with Marilyn Monroe and lastly I will explain which theoretical approach I believe best explains Marilyns’ achievements and behaviors. I believe that the early childhood development, or should I say lack of played a key role in Marilyn Monroes’ life and her unhappiness. Marilyn Monroe, who was actually born Norma Jean Baker was born into a family that had a long line of mental illness. Marilyns’ great grandfather commited suicide, her uncle went on a run for errands one day only to never be seen again...
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...Since childhood I was never good at verbal linguistics skills. Growing up, my father was a caring parent but often times, emotionally distant from me so by default, I was never taught how to connect to people through verbal communications but how to gain his attention through my actions. My mother, on the other hand, was warmhearted and loved by many. She would draw attention to anyone and from everyone she encountered and made them important and cared for. Their conflicting personalities have had an impact on my personal development. As the only child, I lacked social linguistic fostering from my parents. They were at odds with each since my birth mostly due to never having emotional attachment towards one another, as a result of the old fashion Chinese culture of arranged marriage. Indirectly, they’ve hardly spoke to each other and mostly important, signs of affection was non-existence. With that I grew up with the perception that being distant and detached was the norm towards friends and later in life, towards relationships. Moreover, neither of my parents were college graduates, and although academic achievement was important in the household, my parents involvement was minimal. Throughout my youth, my after school activities were street activities with the neighborhood kids. Despite attention the best private school in Sao Paulo, the importance of education in Brazil was not at its highest in comparison to the United States. Parents were not encouraged to spend a certain...
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...Phobias and Addictions Paper Osvaldo L Mercado University of Phoenix Classical Conditioning refers to a procedure by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after it is paired with a stimulus that automatically elicits that response.” (Kowalski & Westen, 2011) The unconditioned stimulus or ‘US”, is an occurrence which causes an innate, involuntary response or reaction. When someone smells a favorite food cooking they most oftentimes begin to feel hungry; in this scenario the unconditioned stimulus, is the aroma of the food. The feeling of hunger in relation to the aroma of the food is referred to as the unconditioned response or “UR”; once again, the term unconditioned means that this is a naturally occurring reaction which has not been learned by the individual who experiences the feelings of hunger. In regards to phobias, theories of classical conditioning can be applied due to the fact that most irrational fears are learned by association and with the introduction of a stimulus which would otherwise not cause a reaction i.e. a neutral stimulus. There are thousands of documented phobias from the world, most are believed to have developed due to a response from a negative environment that the individual encountered at one point in life. According to the American Psychiatric Association (2012). Symptoms of a phobia include the following: * Recognition that the fear goes beyond normal boundaries and the actual threat of danger * Reactions...
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...Foundations of Psychology Erika Whitacre PSY300 Betsy Ferronato June 9, 2014 Foundations of Psychology Psychology was born from philosophy in the late nineteenth century. Philosophy had reached a point in which the desire to learn surpassed the amount of information available in subjects of ethics, integrity, and the quality of information. By using the techniques and knowledge of physical science, psychologists began the pursuit of fundamental directives of people and animal behavior. Out of this thinking, Wilhelm Wundt, “the father of psychology,” established the first psychological institution in Leipzig, Germany. Through the research at this facility one of the major perspectives of psychological thought was conceived. The “first” perspective of psychological thought is Structuralism. A student of Wundt, Edward Titchener recognized that introspection could be used to chart the components of people’s consciousness. He advocated experimentation as the only proper process for psychological study. His focus was to cut through the mental processes and study the fundamental elements of the human psyche. There were psychologists that disputed Titchener’s theory. William James, author of the first psychology textbook, also helped initiate the school of Functionalism. James desired to not only observe, but also understand the inner workings of the mind. He utilized introspection and experimentation as well as analyzing kids, other species, and people with mental deficiencies...
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...Foundations of Psychology Paper Geni Mayes PSY300 10/11/2013 Ashley Dolecki Foundations of Psychology Paper The five major schools of thought in psychology are psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanistic psychology, Gestalt psychology, and cognitive psychology. However, there are many sub-categories to each of these basic schools each of them deals with all aspects from biological to environmental. The main different schools of psychology that vary both in attitude and in methods of working are these that consist of the Freudian, Jungian and Adlerian schools as well as Gestalts, behaviorist, and cognitive schools. Behaviorism is the term and school of thought from B. F. Skinner, who mainly focused on observable behavior. . His goal was of relating behavior to experimental conditions. Skinner had several theories in regard to operant conditioning. Skinner believed that learning is a function of overt behavior and changes in an individual’s behavior is a result of events that occur in the individual’s environment (Morris & Maisto, 2010). Psychoanalysis was invented by Sigmund Freud, who believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id, the ego, and the superego. This school of thought emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Psychoanalysis delves into the innermost parts of the mind and reveals the causes of individual thoughts and behaviors. Freud researched repression, immorality of the subconscious, memory, par amnesia...
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...The Science of Psychology Foundations of Psychology Suzette Lee [ Monday, April 02, 2012 ] PSY300 Psychology is a scientific study that investigates the main components of the brain, the mind and the body in different fields of psychology in order to understand and conduct observations of the mental process of the human mind, and observable behavior. Psychology is often used to understand the unknown of human behavior, and their potential patterns that observe the actions of self expression on how people feel and store memory. The study of the mind is an observation of a person’s mental awareness of both the conscious and unconscious mentality. Structuralism was the dominant school of psychology in Germany and the U. S. between1890-1920, and was the school of thought based on the notion that the object of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related. Structuralism explores areas of the mind, focus mainly with sensation and perception in vision, hearing and, touch through introspection, or the systematic observation of one’s own conscious experiences, although Functionalism was the protest against structuralism and had the assumption that functionalism was more practical and concerned with commonsense issues, structuralism believed that mental functions were not subject to introspective analysis which it was the shaping of the mind that could be analyzed. Another school of thought is behaviorism, in which...
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...Foundations of Psychology Paper Geni Mayes PSY300 10/11/2013 Ashley Dolecki Foundations of Psychology Paper The five major schools of thought in psychology are psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanistic psychology, Gestalt psychology, and cognitive psychology. However, there are many sub-categories to each of these basic schools each of them deals with all aspects from biological to environmental. The main different schools of psychology that vary both in attitude and in methods of working are these that consist of the Freudian, Jungian and Adlerian schools as well as Gestalts, behaviorist, and cognitive schools. Behaviorism is the term and school of thought from B. F. Skinner, who mainly focused on observable behavior. . His goal was of relating behavior to experimental conditions. Skinner had several theories in regard to operant conditioning. Skinner believed that learning is a function of overt behavior and changes in an individual’s behavior is a result of events that occur in the individual’s environment (Morris & Maisto, 2010). Psychoanalysis was invented by Sigmund Freud, who believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id, the ego, and the superego. This school of thought emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Psychoanalysis delves into the innermost parts of the mind and reveals the causes of individual thoughts and behaviors. Freud researched repression, immorality of the subconscious, memory, par amnesia...
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...Phobias and Addictions Ashlee D. Niland PSY300 October 22, 2012 Dr. Erickson Phobias and Addictions “According to Kowalski and Westen, the concept that learning shapes behavior, forms the fundamental concepts of the behaviorist perspective. Known together as associative learning, classical and operant conditioning are common, yet distinct ways in which humans learn behavior”(Kowalski & Weston, 2009, p. 157) Classical conditioning, also known as Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning, is like having a bell that rings every time a dog gets his food. The dog then learns that the sound of that bell means food is there. The learning of the bell and food correlating to one another is classical conditioning. Operant conditioning was created by B.F Skinner. Operant conditioning is the positive and negatives of an acted motion; like a child who makes good grades in school will be rewarded by his parents or if the child makes bad grades the parents will discipline the child. If the child makes good grades but the parents continually fail to reward the child, the child may begin to slack in his school work. This is operant conditioning. Phobias “Phobias can interfere with the ability to work, socialize, and maintain a normal daily routine. They can cause such an overwhelming anxiety that people who have phobias may avoid any situation or object that is associated with the phobia” (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). Classical and operant conditioning both contribute...
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...Phobias and Addictions PSY300 Phobias and Addictions Phobias and addictions are usually seen together because most people with an addition already had a phobia they may not have been aware of to begin with. To understand this they need to be broken down into both classical and operant conditioning and the effect each has on both phobias and addictions. Classical conditioning occurs when people learn to react to a stimulus in the environment whereas operant conditioning occurs when people react to a reward or punishment. The major difference between classical and operant conditioning lies in the nature of the response to a given stimulus. Addictions Addiction to anything comes from a persistent behavior that despite knowing it can have adverse consequences a person will continue this behavior. Most addictions start when someone has a pleasurable experience and wishes to continue or relive this experience. They will continue the behavior with little or no self-control even when it can become destructive. A person who is addicted will experience urges or cravings to engage in the behavior, which intensify until the he or she carries out the behavior again, usually experiencing relief, and elation (Grant, Potenza, Weinstein, &Gorelick, 2010). Addiction seeks immediate gratification of drives and impulses. Operant conditioning focuses on behavior that is voluntary such as gambling where this behavior is done for a reward. Sex addiction is a behavior...
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...History of Intellectual Assessment Ashee D. Niland Psy300 Dr. Dan Erickson University of Phoenix History of Intellectual Assessments What is intelligence? How can we discover how intelligent we are or even where intelligence comes from? The assessment of intelligence started a long time ago in the BC era and as time progressed developed into so much more with intelligence testing. Intelligence tests are test designed to measure the ability to think and reason rather than acquired knowledge. “Intelligence involves the ability to think, solve problems, analyze situations, and understand social values, customs, and norms” (Logston, YYYY). Although the different psychologist had different points of views about how to measure intelligence, they all made an impact on intelligence testing in their time period. In this paper we will discuss the men that discovered what kind of test could be used in testing intelligence, who they are, and more about what intelligence is. We will discuss the history of intellectual assessment. We will also discuss how intellectual functioning can have an impact on your personal success. Some of the key figures in intellectual assessment will be discussed in this such as Jene Piaget, David Wechsler, Lewis Terman, and Alfred Binet. Key People in Intellectual Assessments As we begin speaking about the key people in intellectual assessments we ask that you take note in the combination of them all! With the study of only one of these men and their...
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...Phobias and Addictions PSY300 Phobias and Addictions In today’s society, many individuals suffer from phobias and addictions. Phobias and addictions are typically paired because those with an addiction began with a phobia they were unaware of. Phobias and addictions should be fragmented into two groups of conditioning with the effects each partakes on an individual: classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning occurs when an individual discovers how to respond to a stimulus in their atmosphere. Operant conditioning is when one responds to a reward or penalty. The foremost difference between classical and operant conditioning is the response and a stimulus, which can lead to addictions and phobias. Addictions An addiction is a determined behavior in wanting and needing something. Most know it can have unsympathetic consequences, but the individual will continue this behavior because of the addictions. Furthermore, the majority of addictions start with a satisfying involvement with something and desires to prolong or recreate the act. The addictive individual will endure the behavior with very little, if any self-discipline, even when it can become damaging or has already taken over their body. A person who is addicted will familiarize with desires and cravings to connect with the behavior and this need will build up, until the behavior kicks in again, typically feeling relief, and ecstasy (Grant, Potenza, Weinstein, & Gorelick, 2010). Additionally...
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...As I have mentioned previously, provide a new file name for the assignment you are working on using the Northcentral naming convention: Learner’s last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number (DoeJXXX0000-1) EXAMPLE: John Doe, PSY300, Assignment 1 = DoeJPSY300-1. BUSINESS ETHICS OKECHUKWU AKANNO Sr. NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT#8 MGT7019-8 Dr. JENNIFFER SCOTT September 16, 2012 Learner: OKECHUKWU AKANNO || MGT7019-8| Dr. JENNIFFER SCOTT| || BUSINESS ETHICS | #8| || Faculty Use Only TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 & 6 The role of Auditors at HealthSouth ---------------------------------------- 7 & 8 SEC Investigation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------9&10 Impact on Stakeholders ---------------------------------------11, 12, 13 & 14 Outcome and Fairness In Punishment ---------------------------------------- 15, 16 & 17 Conclusion -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 References-------------------------------------------------------------------------------19...
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...2012 Catalog Volume 20 Issue 1 March 5, 2012 – December 31, 2012 This Catalog contains information, policies, procedures, regulations and requirements that were correct at the time of publication and are subject to the terms and conditions of the Enrollment Agreement entered into between the Student and ECPI University. In keeping with the educational mission of the University, the information, policies, procedures, regulations and requirements contained herein are continually being reviewed, changed and updated. Consequently, this document cannot be considered binding. Students are responsible for keeping informed of official policies and meeting all relevant requirements. When required changes to the Catalog occur, they will be communicated through catalog inserts and other means until a revised edition of the Catalog is published. The policies in this Catalog have been approved under the authority of the ECPI University Board of Trustees and, therefore, constitute official University policy. Students should become familiar with the policies in this Catalog. These policies outline both student rights and student responsibilities. The University reserves the right and authority at any time to alter any or all of the statements contained herein, to modify the requirements for admission and graduation, to change or discontinue programs of study, to amend any regulation or policy affecting the student body, to increase tuition and fees, to deny admission, to revoke an offer...
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