...stigma surrounding suicidal and self-harming behaviors that discourages people from talking about suicide or seeking help. Suicidal behaviors are difficult to define, but for the purpose of research we refer to suicidal behaviors exclusively as “any self-initiated and deliberate ideations, communications, or actions that have potentially life-threatening consequences” (National Institutes of Health). The far-reaching effects of suicide have recently gotten the attention of many psychological researchers. These researchers have been able to break down what specifically drives suicidal behavior and thus, are now able to take preemptive steps to soften the resulting effects of this kind of behavior. Knowing how to identify the warning signs and understanding the psychological process driving suicidal thoughts and behaviors allow us to better exhibit effective prevention and management of suicidal desires. Being aware of suicidal warning signs is the most significant way the public can aid psychological professionals in suicide prevention. An individual can identify the presence of suicidal ideations in others by being aware of three major warning signs that often appear first. The first of these nearly universal signs is an individual who is threatening to kill or hurt him or herself. The second major warning sign is the discovery that the individual is both contemplating ways to kill themselves as well as actively seeking out ways to accomplish this. Often, he or she...
Words: 1717 - Pages: 7
...Research Design Coursework Hypothesis It is hypothesised that solitary males or females within a group comprising members of the opposite sex will develop stronger gender self-categorisations than will majority males or females, following a co-operative gender-neutral group task. When groups comprise unequal proportions of socially-salient categories (e.g., gender and race), group processes are affected, with the behaviour and self-identities of minority members shifting towards their expected stereotype via a process of role entrapment (Johnson & Schulman, 1989). These behavioural changes become more pronounced with decreasing numerical status and where the token/minority member is normally disadvantaged or subordinated (Saenz, 1994). One explanation suggests that individuals who participate in activities where their social-group membership is made explicit are likely to depersonalise and thereafter self-categorise at the group-stereotype level (Turner et al., 1987). However, existing research on group composition has typically used quasi-competitive activities. This may account for the shift in self-categorisation, especially when there are current, historical or perceived inequalities in the status of group-members, resulting, for example, from race or gender. The current study, then, uses a co-operative group task to investigate the impact of being a single or majority-member of a group on gender self-categorisation. Experimental Design A between-participants...
Words: 1699 - Pages: 7
...physical wellbeing. When athletes trains all week, have games, and practices it can produce mental and physical fatigue. Therefore, when an athlete cuts back on training loads and intensities it can be associated with an increase in positive mental health (Weinberg, Gould, 2015, p. 522). Another tip for athletes given by Markle and Scardino is to develop stress management and coping tools. Developing stress management and coping skills is very important for athletes to prevent burn out because it will help reduce some of the stress that the athlete is facing. There is a finding by Raedeke and Smith that shows a significant relationship between burnout and the amount of stress athletes feel (Weinberg, Gould, 2015, p. 514). Also, developing psychological skills such as relaxation, imagery, goal setting, and positive self-talk can ward off much of the stress that leads to burnout in athletes (Weinberg, Gould, 2015, p....
Words: 992 - Pages: 4
...In her short story “Bloodchild,” Octavia Butler presents a dystopian society in which humans draw little agency. Isolated from Earth, Humans (who are referred to as Terran throughout the story) are stranded animals on a far away world and are used by Tlic as birthing vessels. Despite its very overt science fiction elements, Bloodchild is as much as story about a far off dystopia as it is a story located in present conditions. That is to say, Bloodchild embeds enough elements of current Western civilization within its narrative that the story positions itself as a dystopia of the present day. First, Bloodchild confuses the reader’s notion of space and temporality by gradually revealing its science fiction and dystopian elements. The story opens with the line, “My last night of childhood began with a visit home” (3). Here, Bloodchild positions itself as a coming of age story. This is critical because immediately, at the stories inception, the story posits an exploration of distinctly human themes: rites of passage, coming of age, loss of childhood, etc. This is juxtaposed with the way the gradual revealing of dystopian elements in Bloodchild. For instance, it is not until page 25 (out of 32) that the reader finally learns that the story does not take place on earth. T’Gatoi says, “And your ancestors, feeling from their home world, from the own kind who would have killed or enslaved them – they survived because of us” (25). The overall effect of the gradual development...
Words: 1163 - Pages: 5
...The Edge…There is no honest way to explain it because the only people who really know where it is are ones who have gone over.” - Hunter S. Thompson. Explore the presentation of the troubled mind in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights and the poetry of John Keats, with illuminating reference to Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. “The Edge” described by Hunter S. Thompson is, he says, unexplainable. What seems clear is that ‘the Edge’ is at the limit of the human mind. It can’t be explained, Thompson says, because the only people who ‘really know where it is’ are the ones who ‘have gone over’ it, those who have died or else never returned to ‘reality’ and ‘sanity’. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, the poetry of John Keats, and Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest all describe, in differing ways, states of mind on ‘the Edge’. When they were first published, the contemporary reception to Keats’s poems and to Wuthering Heights was remarkably similar. Keats was described as writing ‘the most incongruous ideas in the most uncouth language’ , while Bronte’s novel (published under the male pseudonym Ellis Bell) was called ‘too coarse and disagreeable to be attractive’, and described as ‘wild, confused, disjointed, and improbable’ with characters who are ‘savages ruder than those who lived before the days of Homer.’ These accusations of ‘uncouth’, ‘coarse’ and ‘disjointed’ writing suggest that both authors had already crossed one edge with their writing: the edge...
Words: 3252 - Pages: 14
...Ethical Problems Involved in Undercover Operations Against Lawyers-The Congressional Testimony of Monroe Freedman I. Written Testimony of Professor Monroe H. Freedman Before the Subcommittee on Criminal Law United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary Regarding S. 804-Undercover Operations Act May 16, 1984 Mr. Chairman, and Members of the Subcommittee: Thank you for inviting me to testify regarding S. 804-The Undercover Operations Act. I have been asked to provide relevant biographical information and have done so in a footnote.' My principal concern with S. 804 relates to undercover operations directed against corruption in the administration of justice. I do not mean that such investigations necessarily raise more serious problems than those directed against, say, political organizations, religious groups, or news agencies; indeed, some of my suggestions may be applicable to those areas as well. As one who has a particular interest in the professional responsibilities of lawyers and judges, however, I believe that I can be most useful to the Committee by focusing on that area. A. The Special Need For Undercover Operations against Lawyers and Judges There is surely no need to belabor the importance of integrity in the administration of justice, or the necessity to pursue any corruption vigorously. At the same time, we must recognize that undercover operations directed against lawyers and judges, if inadequately controlled, could have an even more severe...
Words: 7943 - Pages: 32
...BOREDOM : A STUDY SUBMITTED BY: SHRIYA KALRA B10110 INTRODUCTION: “Work spares us from three evils: boredom, vice, and need” French philosopher Voltaire The word bored first was used in the English language in a private letter by the Earl of Carlisle to articulate his pity in 1768. Bore symbolizing a thing that bores made its first appearance in the English language 1778. Bore meaning a tiresome person emerged in 1812. The first citation of the noun boredom occurred in 1864, less than a century and a half ago. The word ‘boredom’ has emerged only recently in the English, which suggests that boredom experience in prior eras was not as prominent a part of the society as in the contemporary times Boredom researcher Orin Klapp has documented an enormous increase in the use of the word “boredom” between 1931 and 1961.a study of west Germany found, that between 1952 and 1978, the percentage of the population who considered boredom “a great problem” in filling leisure time showed a jump of almost 50%. The past half-century, particularly the last decade, has seen an expanding chronicling of the power of boredom in impelling and shaping behaviour. Newspaper stories and...
Words: 3464 - Pages: 14
...Objectives: * Recognize common and potentially life-threatening postpartum complications * Postpartum Hemorrhage * Postpartum Endometritis * Peripartum Cardiomyopathy * Postpartum Thyroiditis * Postpartum Depression * Direct the initial management of the ill postpartum patient * Know the appropriate threshold for consultation with specialist Postpartum Hemorrhage * Be defined as a blood loss exceeding 500ml after delivery of the infant * Excessive bleeding that makes the patient symptomatic (lightheaded, syncope) and/or results in signs of hypovolemia (hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria) * PPH: occurs in 24 hour of delivery * the late PPH: occurs after 24 hour of delivery to 6 weeks * Obstetrical emergency that can follow vaginal or cesarean delivery * Incidence – 3% of births * 3rd most common cause of maternal death in US Causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage Four Ts | Cause | Approximate Incidence (%) | Tone | Atonic uterus | 70 | Trauma | Lacerations, Hematomas, Inversion, Rupture | 20 | Tissue | Retained tissue, Invasive placenta | 10 | Thrombin | Coagulopathies | 1 | Risk Factors * Prolonged 3rd stage of labor * Fibroids, placenta previa * Previous PPH * Overdistended uterus * Episiotomy * Use of magnesium sulfate, preeclampsia * Induction or augmentation of labor Management * Secondary steps * Will...
Words: 5443 - Pages: 22
...Concept Analysis: Heat-related Illness The Dangers of Children Left in Cars Edward Hynes Abstract An understanding of the concept of heat-related illness on children in enclosed vehicles and the impact on their families is necessary for Advanced Life Support (ALS) in order to appropriately assess the situation and determine the most appropriate actions to take. This paper will present various aspects of heat-related illness on children in enclosed vehicles, including the causes and outcomes of these situations, the impact on the families, and preventative measures. Concept Analysis: Heat-related illness What is the concept of Heat related illness on children in enclosed vehicles and the impact on the family? In todays’ families both parents have to work in order to pay the bills. As a result, both parents have to split the responsibilities of getting the kids from one place to another. The results are we all get involved in our routines that when you change that routine something always gets forgotten. Unfortunately the add responsibility of drop our child off at daycare sometime gets forgotten. And our days go on as normal. Until the dreaded question comes up “Can you pick up the children from daycare?” And your world gets turned upside down and inside out and will never be the same. As you remember you forgot to drop your child off at daycare. You run franticly to your vehicle to find out you are too late and you have lost your child to a heat related illness called...
Words: 3037 - Pages: 13
...Tourism and Hospitality Management, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 125-150, 2010 U. Colakoglu, O. Culha, H. Atay: THE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED ORGANISATIONAL SUPPORT ON ... THE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED ORGANISATIONAL SUPPORT ON EMPLOYEES’ AFFECTIVE OUTCOMES: EVIDENCE FROM THE HOTEL INDUSTRY Ulker Colakoglu Osman Culha Hakan Atay UDC 640.4:658.3](560) Original scientific paper Received 7 September 2010 Revised 13 September 2010 4 October 2010 Abstract Previous studies mainly analysed the relationship between perceived organisational support and organisational commitment in a direct way. Limited studies of tourism, however, have found that job satisfaction is a mediator variable in the relationship between perceived organisational support and organisational commitment. The aim of this study is, (i) to analyse the effect of organisational support on job satisfaction, (ii) to analyse the effect of organisational support on the dimensions of organisational commitment, (iii) to analyse the effect of job satisfaction on the dimensions of organisational commitment, and (iv) to analyse the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between perceived organisational support and dimensions of organisational commitment based on an empirical study. The relationship between the variables was analysed by using a multivariate data analysis. Besides this, in the study, the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between perceived organisational support and the dimensions of...
Words: 4551 - Pages: 19
... Chiba University,JAPAN Introduction The word “globalization” is the buzzword of the moment. Similar to the word “democracy”, it could be one of those words that become more ambiguous in meaning as they are more widely used. Globalization, however, is not too difficult a word to understand when we interpret it as a phenomenon where goods, people, information and services are now more easily coming together over national boundaries. Behind globalization, no doubt, is rapid technological innovation. The idea is that globalization is dramatically making our globe smaller, our spectrum wider and our various networks larger. Some people argue that there are downfalls however, including flooding information and heightening psychological insecurity from various types of inequality. We are required to face globalization while fully understanding the positives and negatives of globalization. Globalization is likely impacting not only on how economies work, but also on what a state actually is. For example, some experts maintain that the function of a state is diminished by globalization and forced to focus efforts on localization and regionalization. I would like to examine from various aspects how globalization influences states,and public policies, especially on the educational policy by taking Japan as an example. 1. What is Globalization? First, I would like to examine what globalization is. A translation in Japanese would be “integration of the globe...
Words: 4654 - Pages: 19
...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORAND HUMANPERFORMANCE33, 141-152 (1984) Escalation of Commitment in Individual and Group Decision Making MAX H. BAZERMAN Massachusetts Institute of Technology TONI GIULIANO University of Texas at Austin AND A L A N APPELMAN Citicorp Previous research (cf. B. M. Staw, Academy of Management Review, 1981, 6, 577-587) has found that when managers are given negative feedback on an initial individual investment decision, they allocate more additional funds to that investment if they, rather than another member of their organization, made the initial allocation decision. Justification is thought to underlie this phenomenon. This study explored commitment in group and individual decisions and examined the plausibility of dissonance processes as the mediator of escalation of commitment. One hundred eighty-three individuals participated in a role-playing exercise in which personal responsibility for an initial decision was manipulated for groups and individuals. As expected, escalation of commitment occurred for both groups and individuals. In support of a dissonance explanation, dissonance processes did vary as a function of the personal responsibility manipulation, and individual variation in dissonance responses accounted for a substantial portion of variance in allocation behavior beyond that accounted for by the experimental manipulations. The results concerning dissonance processes suggest a number of ways in which escalation can...
Words: 5090 - Pages: 21
...GROUP INTERACTION JOURNAL ARTICLES Compiled by Lawrence R. Frey University of Colorado at Boulder Aamodt, M. G., & Kimbrough, W. W. (1982). Effects of group heterogeneity on quality of task solutions. Psychological Review, 50, 171-174. Abbey, D. S. (1982). Conflict in unstructured groups: An explanation from control-theory. Psychological Reports, 51, 177-178. Abele, A. E. (2003). The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 768-776. Abele, A., Gendolla, G. H. E., & Petzold, P. (1998). Positive mood and in-group—out-group differentiation in a minimal group setting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1343-1357. Aberson, C. L., Healy, M., & Romero, V. (2000). Ingroup bias and self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 157-173. Abougendia, M., Joyce, A. S., Piper, W. E., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2004). Alliance as a mediator of expectancy effects in short-term group psychotherapy. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 8, 3-12. Abraham, A. (1973a). Group tensions as measured by configurations of different self and transself aspects. Group Process, 5, 71-89. Abraham, A. (1973b). A model for exploring intra and interindividual processes in groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 23, 3-22. Abraham, A. (1974-1975). Processes in groups. Bulletin de Psychogie, 28, 746-758. Abraham, A., Geffroy, Y., & Ancelin-Schutzenberger...
Words: 146784 - Pages: 588
...Multiple Social Science Perspectives A Learning Resource for Staff Development In Social Service Agencies Michael J. Austin, PhD, Editor BASSC Staff Director Mack Professor of Nonprofit Management School of Social Welfare University of California, Berkeley 510-642-7066 mjaustin@berkeley.edu August 2006 1 Table of Contents Introduction – Michael J. Austin, Guest Editor Part I Multiple Social Science Perspectives of Poverty Theories of Poverty: Findings from Textbooks on Human Behavior and the Social Environment Amanda J. Lehning, Catherine M. Vu, & Indira Pintak Economic Theories of Poverty Sun Young Jung & Richard Smith Sociological Theories of Poverty in Urban America Jennifer Price Wolf Psychological Theories of Poverty Kelly Turner & Amanda Lehning An Anthropological View of Poverty Kristine Frerer & Catherine Vu Political Science Perspectives on Poverty Amanda Lehning Theories of Global Poverty in the Developed and Developing World Jennifer Morazes & Indira Pintak Part II Theory Integration and Practitioner Perspectives Social Capital and Neighborhood Poverty: Toward an Ecologically-Grounded Model of Neighborhood Effects Kathy Lemon Osterling Social Work Students’ Perceptions of Poverty Sherrill Clark The Explosive Nature of the Culture of Poverty: A Teaching Case Based on An Agency-based Training Program Catherine Vu & Michael J. Austin 2 Understanding Poverty From Multiple Social Science Perspectives ...
Words: 65096 - Pages: 261
...CH. 6: STRATEGY KEY STRATEGY ELEMENTS 1) Time (deadlines) 80/20 rule (Pareto’s law) often applies in negotiations. 80% of the deal getting done in the last 20% of the time spent in bargaining. If you have a firm deadline, use one of 3 strategies… 1) Without revealing your deadline, work to reach a settlement well in advance 2) Declare an earlier “deadline” before your real deadline 3) Question negotiators on the other side about their deadline – and if you find out their deadline is before yours, agree to it and work to meet it. If it’s a deadline for both sides, then neither has an advantage BOX 6.1: Use Time to Your Advantage (p. 142) 2) Info Called the “The Heart of Negotiations” because it shapes our appraisal of reality, our negotiation strategy, our BATNA, our expectations of what can be achieved and the outcome of a negotiation. Often, more info discovered both before and during a negotiation process makes you a better negotiator. The party that has more and better info is more likely to negotiate a better outcome. So, why do people fail to get info? Several reasons… 1) People regard a negotiation encounter as a limited or one-time event and simply fail to anticipate that they will need info until they are heavily involved in negotiations. 2) Novice negotiators believe the process doesn’t start until they the other party face-to-face and don’t prepare...
Words: 5497 - Pages: 22
