...| The effect of sleep on the psychology and development of children and adolescents. | | | nj26 | | Contents INTRODUCTION 3 Why Is Sleep Relevant to Psychology? 4 What Is Sleep and Why Is It Important 4 Sleep Regulation 4 The Impact of Sleep on Daytime Functioning 5 Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs academic success and neurobehavioral functioning. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs emotional regulation. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs health. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs adolescents’ driving ability. 6 Sleep Behaviour Across Development 6 New-borns and Infants (0 to 12 months) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 Early Childhood (12 Months to 6 Years of Age) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 School-Age Years 8 Developmental changes in sleep. 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 8 Adolescence 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 9 Further studies regarding the effect of sleep on the development and psychology of children and adolescents. 9 Sleep and the Body Mass Index and Overweight Status of Children and Adolescents 9 Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the Effects of Adolescent Sleep Loss During the Middle School Years 10 Sleep, Learning, and the Developing Brain: Early-to-Bed as a Healthy and...
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...effect of sleep on the psychology and development of children and adolescents. | | | | | | | | | Contents INTRODUCTION 3 Why Is Sleep Relevant to Psychology? 4 What Is Sleep and Why Is It Important 4 Sleep Regulation 4 The Impact of Sleep on Daytime Functioning 5 Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs academic success and neurobehavioral functioning. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs emotional regulation. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs health. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs adolescents’ driving ability. 6 Sleep Behaviour Across Development 6 New-borns and Infants (0 to 12 months) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 Early Childhood (12 Months to 6 Years of Age) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting...
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...hours of sleep. There are times where I have put off assignments just to get a good night sleep and times where I have to crunch up the assignments and put off sleep because of deadlines. I am torn between the two decisions: to sleep or do homework/study. In order to look into this issue, we will have to explore how sleep plays a significant role in one’s life and the process of decision-making and time management in psychology. College was a huge transition from highschool due to the new settings and workload the courses have to offer. As students transition from high school to college, the students’ experiences are still adapted to the high school setting, which they have gained through repetitions throughout their high school career. The learning process perspective of psychology demonstrates this reasoning through classical conditioning. In this aspect, the unconditioned stimulus is that the workload for high school is not overwhelming so the unconditioned response for that would be to just do the homework then go to sleep. But over time, I see that the homework assignments are too simple and I did not look over them, so instead of doing the...
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...In light of the study of sleep quality in women with and without postpartum depression conducted by Dr. Bobbie Posmontier, it is significant to comprehend the questions that were and are still present in the clinical psychological field about the correlations between psychological conditions such as depression and bodily functions like sleep. The full effect that psychological conditions have on human behavior is a fresh and consistently debated series of topics in the psychological world of study, but the effects of deleterious psychological disorders on behavior have yet to be fully determined. According to Posmontier, the relationships between poor sleep quality and PPD remained unknown at the time, which brought attention to the need...
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...Analyzing Psychological Disorders Jeannie Hopkins PSY/240 11/17/2013 Dr. Brooke Morford A psychological disorder is known as a mental disorder; it is a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple life areas and/or create distress for the person experiencing these symptoms. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), approximately 26 percent of American adults over the age of 18 suffer from some type of diagnosable mental disorder in a given year (The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America). Almost half of that also meet criteria for 2 or more disorders, with severity strongly related to comorbidity. Mental disorders are diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) here in the U.S. The DSM-IV-TR explains that a multiaxial system involves an assessment on several axes, which refer to a different domain of information that may help the clinician plan treatment and possibly predict the outcome (Association, 2000). The five axes included in the DSM-IV multi-axial classification are as listed: * Axis I: Clinical Disorders and Other Conditions That Need Clinical Attention. * Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation. * Axis III: General Medical Conditions. * Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems * Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). As stated in the DSM-IV-TR “the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale is...
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...retina, triggering alterations in the level of sleep-inducing melatonin. | What are the sleep stages? | Another biological rhythm is the sleep stages. | What are the five steps of the sleep stages? | we descend into transitional Stage 1 sleep, often with the sensation of falling or floating. Stage 2 sleep (in which we spend the most time) follows about 20 minutes later, with its characteristic sleep spindles. Then follow Stages 3 and 4, together lasting about 30 minutes, with large, slow delta waves. All these stages are referred to as NREM sleep. Reversing course, we retrace our path, but with one difference: About an hour after falling asleep,we begin periods of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. | Where does dreaming most prominently occur? | Most dreaming occurs in this fifth stage (also known as paradoxical sleep) of internal arousal but outward paralysis. | Which stage shortens REM sleep length? | During a normal night’s sleep, periods of Stages 3 and 4 sleep shorten and REM sleep lengthens. | What are the harmful effects of sleep deprivation? | Sleep deprivation causes fatigue and impairs concentration, creativity, and communication. | What are the additional effects of sleep loss? | It also can lead to obesity, hypertension, a suppressed immune system, irritability, and slowed performance (with greater vulnerability to accidents). | What are the benefits of sleep? | Sleep may have played a protective role in human evolution by keeping people safe during...
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...Insomnia is classed as a sleep disorder which can be separated into: Primary insomnia which shows no obvious of psychological cause, secondary insomnia resulting of existence of psychological or physical problems. Insomnia can be categorised by sleepiness, fatigue, drop in alertness, difficulty concentrating, depression, and an over emotional state. The ideas surrounding the, suggesting fact that personality contributed to being a core factor to influence insomnia was studies by Kales et al (1976). They found that 85% of insomniacs had abnormal personality’s categorised by psychasthenia, elevated levels of depression and conversion hysteria. Sufferers tended to internalise psychological disturbances, producing constant emotional arousal, suggesting that a psychophysiological mechanism underpins insomnia. However, Kales et al (1976) study fails to establish whether one factor causes the other, such as the possibility that personality causes insomnia and Vis versa. Significantly, this means that we cannot conclude that Personality has a direct influence on Insomnia. However, although there isn’t an established relationship between insomnia and personality, the study has provided practical applications. As nowadays, personality profiling is stressed more this is beneficial as personality types will be able to identify those who are possibly at risk of suffering from insomnia. This will allow people to get diagnosed earlier thus allowing possible treatment at an earlier stage of...
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...“What is Hypnosis?” Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy. “What is Hypnosis?” Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy. Hypnosis is hard to define as there is much debate and discussion regarding its nature and its true effects. It can be argued that each individual’s experience of hypnosis is unique to them, different people for example are considered to be more susceptible to hypnosis than others and therefore it is hard to measure or assess. Hypnosis itself has developed over time and explanations and evidence provided have been dependent on the scientific and psychological methods of the time. Hypnosis in its most general terms can be described as ‘a relaxed and focused state of concentration brought about through the use of set techniques. These techniques are thought to enhance concentration and increase an individual’s responsiveness to suggestion in order to make beneficial changes to a person’s thought patterns, behaviour or their physiological state’ (Chrysalis, 2010, p 9). In this essay I will first give a very brief account of the history of the practice of hypnosis and then go on to describe the psychological and physical aspects of it. In the last section of the essay I will discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. Hypnosis in some form or another can be found throughout history and within different cultures...
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...“What is Hypnosis?” Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy The following addresses the question of what hypnosis is by exploring its origins and the evolution to modern day practice. The psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis will then be discussed along with the notable components of suggestion and trance. The vital role of relaxation is also pointed to. Hypnosis is a psychological phenomenon; a natural state of selective, focused attention, and even though it is natural, it remains one of the most fascinating phenomena of the human mind. There is much disagreement and misunderstanding on the subject and there are many different theories and definitions surrounding it. Before discussing the modern theory of hypnosis, it is important to understand where this phenomena has come from. Its earliest existence was found among shamans or witch doctors as they were more commonly known. Shaman would follow strict practices which allowed them to have a strong focus, and these were often accompanied with monotonous and rhythmic chants or drum beats for example. This allowed their subconscious mind to focus and seek out the soul of the patient to heal them. Mesmer (1733-1815) recognised this healing practice and incorporated into his theory of animal magnetism. He believed that a cosmic fluid existed in inanimate objects which was transferred into patients to heal them. Mesmer literally mesmerised...
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...Physical and psychological needs of children are very important and need to be met with great care to facilitate development. Considering that children grow and learn the most in the first few years of their life, parents as well as caregivers need to be sensitive to their physical and psychological needs. In this essay we will define physical and psychological needs and consider how caregivers can meet these important needs. The needs of a three year old will be identified with each definition. We will specifically look at how exercise, rest, diet, health and safety as well as survival, participation and belonging influence the needs of a child. Physical needs can be defined as things we need for survival, basic examples are water, food, shelter and clothing. In addition to these basic needs, there are other needs which are equally important namely, safety, exercise and rest. Food can be anything but it takes a nutritious diet and regular meal times to really provide for this need. A balanced diet has all the nutrients essential for body development and maintenance. Although water is not considered a nutrient it is still an essential part in a child’s diet. Diet for a three year old should be balanced and regular, also taking into consideration their religious and dietary practices. Shelter is also important but the right precautions need to be taken to make sure that the child has a healthy and safe environment. More and more children are spending excess time indoors...
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...Psychological Disorder Paper Amanda Greco University of Phoenix Psychological Disorder Paper According to The SAGE Glossary of Social and Behavioral Sciences a psychological disorder is defined as “a condition in which a person's thoughts, feelings, or behavior are thought to be in some way dysfunctional.” Psychological disorders are sometimes complex and must meet a certain criteria before being official categorized as a psychological disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, also known as the DSM-IV, includes over 300 manifestations of mental illness also called psychological disorders. Seasonal Affective Disorder According to Medilexicon's medical dictionary, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is: "A depressive mood disorder that occurs at approximately the same time year after year and spontaneously remits at the same time each year." Seasonal Affective Disorder is more prevalent in areas farther away from the equator where there is a lack of sunlight. Individuals who live where seasonal variations of sunlight intensity occur are more likely to develop SAD. Approximately six percent of the U.S. population is affected by SAD and another 14 percent suffer from a milder form of SAD called winter blues. Individuals with a family history of depression or who have family members who suffer from SAD are more likely to suffer from SAD themselves. Some symptoms of SAD include craving starchy food, weight gain, drop in energy...
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...Analyzing Psychological Disorders Wendy M Tolliver PSY 240 April 10, 2011 Thea Lawton Analyzing Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia, referred to as a split personality disorder, is a chronic, severe, devastating mental illness that affects approximately 1% of the population, equivalent to more than 2 million people in the United States. Statistics indicates schizophrenia affects men about 1½ times more frequently than women. (National Comorbidity Survey, 1994) It is a psychotic mental disorders characterized by symptoms of thought, behavior, and social problems. The thought problems linked with schizophrenia described as psychosis, in that the individual thinking is totally out of touch with reality. The individual with this disorder may also have disorganized speech, and behavior, physically or careless behavior, extensively decreased behaviors or feelings, as well as delusions, which are ideas about themselves or others that have no basis in reality. The term schizophrenia first introduced in 1911. In 1887, Emil Kraepelin deemed it a separate mental illness. Regardless of recent history, (Addington, Bouchard, Goldberg, 2005) described throughout written history. Ancient Egyptian, Hindu, Chinese, Greek, and Roman writings described symptoms comparable to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. During medieval times, schizophrenia, like other illnesses, often viewed as evidence of the sufferer possessed by spirits or evil powers. Schizophrenia is a multifaceted...
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...SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON PRODUCTIVITY Authors Muneeb Bin Hafeez Rashi Kumar Lohano Ratan Kumar Usman Ahmad Submitted to Dr. Erum Maqbool For fulfillment of the requirement of “Term Report” as a pre-requisite for completion of the course of “Foundations of Human Behaviour” Institute of Business Administration, Karachi. Statement of Contribution Outline of the Term Report Abstract Main Body of the Research 1) Problem statement 2) Justification statement 3) Purpose 4) Audience 5) Functional Definitions of the Construct 6) Hypotheses 7) Methodology and techniques of research 8) Literature review 9) Primary research 10) Interview i. Contact Person 11) Findings 12) Conclusion and Recommendations 13) Research Tool 14) References 15) Author’s Note Abstract Sleep deprivation has been an important topic of study with the first documented research on sleep deprivation being conducted by Mary D. Maneceine in 1894 on rats by depriving them of sleep and examining their behavior. Sleep deprivation is an important part of academic life. It is often quoted “a sound mind in a sound body” to describe the ideal and desirable state of a human being. It can be observed that the functioning of a ‘sound body’ is vital to the efficient working of a ‘sound mind’. To maintain a healthy body it important that the recuperative functions of the body are allowed to efficiently play their role. The...
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...physical needs together with psychological needs. We are going to point out and discuss on a three year old child’s physical and psychological needs and how they can affect the child’s physical, emotional and psychological health. A three year old child needs to be well fed, given ample of rest and should be encouraged doing physical exercise. They should also be given precautions of safety everywhere. For a child to be clean, childcare centres or parents/carers should reinforce personal hygiene in a child’s daily routine. A child needs to be emotionally and psychologically strong to fight their weaknesses. They need to be showered with lots of love, affection and respect. They also need to socialise with the environment that they are in. If these needs are fulfilled then the child would be emotionally and socially strong and healthy. What is a need? A need is defined as a requirement, something that you have to have, a thing necessary for life. There are basic needs which every living thing needs in order to live. Some examples of basic needs are shelter, fresh air to breath, food and water. Therefore a physical need is “something that is necessary for organisms to live a healthy and productive life” (What Is the Meaning of Physical Needs, undated). Children also have their own physical needs as an individual to grow up healthy and well mannered. Some of the examples of these needs are physical exercise, well-balanced diet, adequate rest and sleep, personal hygiene, security...
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...order for the nurse to identify two wellness nursing diagnosis that could help the family live an optimal lifestyle. Functional Health Pattern Findings The Boretzky family is a well-educated family which showed during the interview in regards to health maintenance/perception, nutritional pattern, and exercise pattern. During the interview both Staci and Barry, mentioned the correlation of healthy living with healthy diet that incorporates the recommended food pyramid and regular exercise into their daily routine. “To promote a healthy lifestyle I make sure to take a multivitamin every day, eat the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables and stay active by going to the gym every day. When possible, I also try and get a good amount of sleep every night” (S. Boretzky, personal communication, September 5, 2012). Moreover, both children also correlated the intake of foods high in fiber to maintain a regular elimination pattern. This shows that the parents have ingrained healthy habits in their children while growing up and was strengthen with education. Level of knowledge in regards to healthy living is a major factor that nurses need to know in order for the nurse to be a successful educator. By finding out baselines, nurses can tailor their education on what the client actually needs, thus providing an individualized, holistic...
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