...literacy and language in education are listed under "Growing up Male" above. Coates, Jennifer. (2003). Men Talk: Stories in the making of masculinities. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. 1. ‘We was Playing Naked Football the Other Night’: Introduction. 2. ‘Good Story!’: The Formal Characteristics of Male Narrative. 3. ‘So I Thought ‘Bollocks to it’: Men, Stories and Masculinities. 4. ‘Bad as My Mate’: Stories in Sequence. 5. ‘She’d Made Sardines in Aspic’: Women’s Stories, Men’s Stories and the Construction of Gender. 6. ‘I’m Quite Good at Mexican Food’: Men’s Narratives in Mixed Conversation. 7. ‘Still in Shock Weren’t You Darling’: Masculinity and the Heterosexual Couple. 8. ‘There are Problems’: Men’s Talk and Contemporary Masculinities. Cowburn, Malcolm. (2004). Men, masculinities and what men do: the relationship of critique and change (invited review essay). Sexualities, 7, 4 497-501. Edley, N. (2001a). Analysing masculinity: Interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor & S. Yates. (eds.), Discourse as data: a guide for analysis (pp. 189-229). London: Sage Publications. Edley, N. (2001b). I. Conversation analysis, discursive psychology and the study of ideology: A response to Susan Speer. Feminism & Psychology, 11(1), 136-140. Edley, N., and M. Wetherell. (1997). Jockeying for position: the construction of masculine identities. Discourse and Society, 8(2), 203-217. Herring, Susan, Deborah A. Johnson...
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...John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Faculty Research Working Papers Series When Does Gender Matter in Negotiation? Hannah Riley and Kathleen L. McGinn September 2002 RWP02-036 The views expressed in the KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or Harvard University. All works posted here are owned and copyrighted by the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. 1 When Does Gender Matter in Negotiation? Hannah Riley John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University 79 JFK Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (617) 496-4717 Kathleen L. McGinn Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University Soldiers Field, Boston, MA 02163 (617) 495-6901 The authors thank Linda Babcock, Max Bazerman, Jim Sebenius and the reviewers of the 2002 Academy of Management meeting for their helpful comments on this paper. 2 3 Abstract We propose that two situational dimensions moderate gender effects in negotiation. Structural ambiguity refers to potential variation in a party’s perception of the bargaining range and appropriate standards for agreement. Gender triggers are situational factors that make gender salient and relevant to behavior or expectations. Based on a review of field and experimental data and social psychological theory on individual difference, we explain how structural ambiguity and gender triggers...
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...03-Brock.qxd 12/1/2004 10:51 AM Page 41 Chapter 3 ACTING AS WE FEEL When and How Attitudes Guide Behavior RUSSELL H. FAZIO DAVID R. ROSKOS-EWOLDSEN The Ohio State University University of Alabama C onsider each of the following statements. Do you believe the statement to be true or false? 1. College students who disapprove of cheating do not cheat on tests; it is only the students who view cheating as acceptable who do cheat. 2. When segregation was still legal, hotel and restaurant owners with racial stereotypes toward Chinese people would not serve them food or allow them to stay at their establishments. 3. How well people like their jobs is predictive of people’s job attendance. Those who like their jobs are less likely to miss a day of work. 4. During the 1970s, people who felt that the energy crisis was a significant problem used less energy than did those who did not really believe that there was a crisis. 5. Regardless of whether an employer makes a snap judgment or deliberates extensively about a hiring decision, if the employer has a negative attitude toward working women, a female candidate will not be hired. All of these commonsense statements assume that people’s attitudes influence their actions and decisions. In fact, as we will see in this chapter, none of these five statements is correct. The basic finding of decades of research is that sometimes people act in accordance with their attitudes, and other times they act in...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction to Personality Theory Learning Objectives After reading Chapter 1, you should be able to: 1. Express your own definition of personality. 2. Differentiate theory from (a) philosophy, (b) speculation, (c) hypothesis, and (d) taxonomy. 3. Defend the need for more than one theory. 4. Show how an understanding of the various theorists' life story is related to their theory. 5. Explain the relationship between theory and observations. 6. List and explain the criteria of a useful theory. 7. Explain why falsifiability is a positive characteristic of a theory. 8. Discuss various components for a concept of humanity. 9. Define reliability and validity and explain why both concepts are important in personality research. Summary Outline I. Overview of Personality Theory From the investigations of Freud during the last decade of the 19th century until the present time, a number of personality theorists have (1) made controlled observations of human behavior and (2) speculated on the meaning of those observations. Differences in the theories of these men and women are due to more than differences in terminology. They stem from differences on basic issues concerning the nature of humanity. II. What Is Personality? The term personality comes from the Latin word persona, meaning the mask people wear or the role they play in life. However, most psychologists use the term to refer to much more...
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...Psychology in Action Part V Instructor Dr….. Abstract The following research personal derives from Solomon Asch's conformity study. The study reflects how human subjects conform to the majority social influence of their peers. The study design was in a controlled laboratory experiment. The following proposal is to determine if subjects will decrease or increase the level of conformity outside a controlled environment. Psychology in Action Part V There are benefits of a controlled laboratory experiment which researches control the variables such as Asch's Opinions and Social Pressures study. The study does have further questions and follow-up studies to determine the magnitude of conformity as a social phenomenon. The social phenomenon of group conformity in a controlled environment has provided further issues to examine. Even though conformity may not increase outside a controlled environment, subjects may conform more outside a controlled environment because subjects conform easily inside a controlled environment. Research Proposal To: From: Date: Subject: Research proposal Research Question: Will subjects be more willing to conformity outside a controlled environment? Thesis: Even though conformity may not increase outside of a controlled environment, subjects may conform more outside a controlled environment because subjects conform easily inside a controlled environment. Proposed Research...
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...psychology C H A P T E R 1 Psychology and the Challenges of Life ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ OUTLINE Did you know that… Module 1.1: Psychology and Adjustment Module 1.2: Human Diversity and Adjustment Module 1.3: Critical Thinking and Adjustment Module 1.4: How Psychologists Study Adjustment Module 1.5: Psychology in Daily Life: Becoming a Successful Student CHAPTER REVIEW RECITE! RECITE! RECITE! REFLECT REFLECT REFLECT YOUR PERSONAL JOURNAL Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Did you know that… ❚ Multitasking while studying can damage your grades? (p. 6) ❚ Genetics influences many psychological traits and even our preferences for different types of occupations? (p. 8) ❚ White, Euro-Americans are now a minority in the nation’s most populous state? (p. 12) ❚ Women were once not permitted to attend college in the United States? (p. 13) ❚ You could survey a million voters and still not predict the outcome of a presidential election accurately? (p. 23) ❚ You are more likely to eventually get a divorce if you live together with your future spouse before getting married? (p. 27) ❚ Cramming for a test is not more likely to earn you a good grade than spacing your study sessions? (p. 33) Oleg Prikhodko/iStockphoto ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ B eth, 22, a fourth-year chemistry major, has been accepted into medical school in Boston. She wants to do cancer research, but this goal means another seven or eight years at...
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...founding fathers of modern depth psychology. Jung's most famous concept, the collective unconscious, has had a deep influence not only on psychology but also on philosophy and the arts. Jung's break with Sigmund Freud is one of the famous stories in the early history of psychoanalytic thought. More than Freud, Jung has inspired the New Age movement with his interest in occultism, Eastern religions. Jung considered individuation, a psychological process of integrating the opposites including the conscious with the unconscious while still maintaining their relative autonomy, necessary for a person to become whole. Individuation is the central concept of analytical psychology. ANIMUS: Animus is the archetype of reason and spirits in women. This is the male aspect of the female psyche, as the anima is the female aspect of male psyche. This archetype is projected in various male images and characters like great artists, heroes, warriors, sportsmen, philosopher, and so forth. When identified with the animus (animus-inflated), women develop an excessive rational drive which may end up in excessive criticism and stubbornness. In animus-inflated women with strong interest in intellectual matters we find the need to impose and maintain a rigorous and schematic list of values judged the most important. There's no reflection as regard the tenures of these values, nor any aim at discussing about them. Only the urge to impose them to others. But how should women deal with the animus archetype...
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...CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter students should be able to: 1. Define organizational behavior (OB). 2. Identify the primary behavioral disciplines contributing to OB. 3. Describe the three goals of OB. 4. List the major challenges and opportunities for managers to use OB concepts. 5. Describe how OB concepts can help make organizations more productive. 6. Discuss why work force diversity has become an important issue in management. 7. Explain how managers and organizations are responding to the problem of employee ethical dilemmas. 8. Discuss how knowledge of OB can help managers stimulate organizational innovation and change. LECTURE OUTLINE I. THE FIELD OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR A. Definition 1. Organizational behavior is the systematic study of the actions and attitudes that people exhibit within organizations. (ppt 4) 2. Key parts of the definition a) Systematic study (ppt 5) 1) The use of scientific evidence gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner to attribute cause and effect. (ppt 6) 2) OB—its theories and conclusions—is based on a large number of systematically designed research studies. b) Systematic study of actions (or behaviors) and attitudes include three areas: productivity, absenteeism, and turnover. (ppt 7) 1) Managers clearly are concerned...
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...Abstract Evidence shows that people who are physically disabled are more prone to suffer from mental illnesses. It goes hand and hand with physical illness. There has been a lot of research in examining the connection that links the two. There has been a lot of research stating that disabled women suffer more than men. People who are unable to work due to physical limiation have been noted as depressed because of their inability to work. Also due to physical disabilities, people are more confined to their homes, and are unable to drive and interact socially with those outside of their homes. There are programs designed specifically to help these people who are suffering with physical disabilties. There are several forms of mental illness that those who are physically disabled have a higher risk of attaining than those who are not. Collingwood (2010) noted that people who have any type of physical disease or disability tend to feel more psychological distress than their counterparts who are healthier. Those who have poor physical health have an increased problem of depression, as do the social and relationship problems that are common among chronically ill patients. Nosek and Simmons (2007) stated that for the longest time, health disparities among Americans with disabilities have been ignored within the field of public health. There has been proven evidence that mental health can be a secondary complication to a person aqcuiring a disability according to Honey, Emerson,...
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...Chapter 1—What Is Psychology? Learning Goals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain what psychology is and how it developed. Describe six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe two movements that reflect a positive approach to psychology. Evaluate careers and areas of specialization in psychology. Apply some strategies that will help you succeed in psychology. After studying Chapter 1, you will be able to: Define psychology. Describe the influence that philosophy, biology, and physiology had on the beginnings of psychology as a science. Compare the two early scientific approaches in psychology: structuralism and functionalism. Describe the focus of each of the six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe the positive psychology movement, and discuss why this movement recently emerged in psychology. Discuss career opportunities in psychology. Profile the main areas of specialization in psychology. Say how studying habits may be optimized. Understand how to be a critical thinker. CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of behavior and mental processes. In this chapter you are introduced to the history of this science, a variety of contemporary perspectives in psychology, the positive psychology movement, and an overview of psychology-related careers. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns about the most effective methods of studying and learning. There are three concepts important to the definition of psychology: science, behavior, and mental...
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...Chapter 1—What Is Psychology? Learning Goals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain what psychology is and how it developed. Describe six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe two movements that reflect a positive approach to psychology. Evaluate careers and areas of specialization in psychology. Apply some strategies that will help you succeed in psychology. After studying Chapter 1, you will be able to: Define psychology. Describe the influence that philosophy, biology, and physiology had on the beginnings of psychology as a science. Compare the two early scientific approaches in psychology: structuralism and functionalism. Describe the focus of each of the six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe the positive psychology movement, and discuss why this movement recently emerged in psychology. Discuss career opportunities in psychology. Profile the main areas of specialization in psychology. Say how studying habits may be optimized. Understand how to be a critical thinker. CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of behavior and mental processes. In this chapter you are introduced to the history of this science, a variety of contemporary perspectives in psychology, the positive psychology movement, and an overview of psychology-related careers. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns about the most effective methods of studying and learning. There are three concepts important to the definition of psychology: science...
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...Social Science i.e Psychology, history, political science, anthropology, Economics: sustains capitalism – 70% Systematic study of human society • Point of view known as “the sociological perspective” • Sociologist Peter Berger describes the sociological perspective as: seeing general in the particular or looking at the familiar in the strange. • Individuals are unique, but society shapes the lives of people. (Rich, poor, genders, executives, and faculty. • Sociological perspectives can show us patterns -of clothes people decide to wear. • By examining patterns scientifically we can predict human behavior and understand how society guides and shapes our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. : People’s attitudes and behaviors in the contexts of social forces and institutional arrangements that shape men. C.Mills Wright sociologist developed this concept • Focused how change in society experts direct profound influences on people living in it. - In this “Great Recession” - Not because of the individual or society inability to provide jobs - Do to outsourcing Emile Durkheim, early sociologist that studied suicide - Showed evidence of social forces where responsible for why people kill themselves • In late 19th century, Durkheim examined official records in various European countries - Found that some categories of people were more likely than others to take their lives. - Durkheim invented way to show evidence: men, wealthy...
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...including the Attribution Theory. This paper will compare and contrast scientific literature to gain more insight into the subtlety of this social construct. I am seeking not to understand the reason why we as social beings are bias, but to simply show that this distorted truth exist. Subtle Bias as a Social Construct In America My theory of unconscious bias along with the self-affirmation process that accompanies it clouds our worldview in our present society. We all do it no matter how accepting we appear to be or even claim to be. Irrational thoughts are usually based on a worldview that illustrates our interpretation of the world we live in (Wilson, 2001). This worldview is a set of assumptions and beliefs that we hold on to that guide our behavior. It helps us to make sense out of our lives. It determines what we think about human nature, causes of emotional issues, and where bias comes from (Entwistle, 2004). There is always some form of discriminatory behavior or covert prejudice prevailing within our essence. Unfortunately, there is a strong manipulative force who affects the relationship between self and our cognitive decisions which fosters the quality of our everyday life. It must be remembered that not all aspects of society affect us to the same degree; but some affect some subcultures more than it does others. Multiculturalism in America involves issues of discrimination, race, labels, assimilation and its citizen’s reactions to these...
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...The Relationship between Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction Research THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION Nadia Ayub Department of Business Psychology Shagufta Rafif Department of Management College of Business Management, Karachi Abstract Numerous researchers investigated the relationship between job satisfaction and work motivation in diversified professions but none investigated bank managers in Pakistan. Therefore, the current study attempts to explore the relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction. Based on the literature review two hypotheses were formulated 1) There will be positive relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction, and 2) There would be a gender difference on the variable of work motivation and job satisfaction. To asses job satisfaction, “Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS; Spector, 1997)”, and for motivation, “Motivation at Work Scale (MAWS, Gagné, M., et.al, 2010)”, were used. The sample of the study consists of 80 middle managers (46 males; 34 females) from different banks of Karachi, Pakistan. A Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was calculated for the correlation between the work motivation and job satisfaction. In order to find out gender differences t test was computed. In conclusion, the findings of the study suggest that there was a positive correlation between work motivation and job satisfaction. Furthermore, there was a significant gender difference on the variable of work motivation...
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...been developed for the physical activity health area, with a segmented target audience of women aged 40 to 60 years. The poster aims to communicate and reinforce the benefits of physical fitness. Whilst evaluating the poster approach to health communication, other forms of health communication, and their effectiveness, are also discussed. The Wanless report (2004) described the “Fully Engaged Scenario” whereby unless there is substantial support of the public in pursuit of their health and well-being, the cost of treatment of chronic conditions by the National Health Service will become untenable. Current Welsh Government policy promotes physical activity in line with the report of the 2004 White paper. The recommended level of physical activity should be 30 minutes of moderate activity on at least 5 or more days per week. Research conducted by Sport Wales (2012), in their “state of the nation” paper, indicate that by age 45, only 36% of women are physically active and continue to be 14 percentage points lower than men until after age 65. Therefore, based on a needs assessment developed from the respective reports, the promotional poster for this assignment has been designed to target women aged 40 to 60 years. Health challenge Wales (2013) was developed to promote the prevention of ill health in order to focus resources on treating unavoidable disease. This campaign states that for women, “Heart and circulatory diseases are the most common cause of death in Wales”. There is...
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